Format:
1 online resource (288 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781107000841
,
9781139115223
Content:
Intended as a learning tool for both newcomers to customs valuation rules and specialists in the field, this handbook to the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement explains the technical and often complex terms of the Agreement and provides examples of how it is applied
Note:
Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Purposes of Customs Valuation -- 1.1.1 What is customs valuation? -- 1.1.2 The importance of customs valuation -- 1.2 History -- 1.2.1 Before common valuation rules -- (a) Brussels Definition of Value -- (b) Positive value systems -- (c) Early GATT initiatives on common valuation rules -- (d) Precursor to an agreement -- 1.2.2 Tokyo Round negotiations -- 1.2.3 Uruguay Round negotiations -- (a) Burden of proof -- (b) Sole agents and minimum values -- (c) A "single undertaking" -- (d) Dispute settlement -- 1.3 Agreement Overview -- 1.3.1 The WTO standard - transaction value -- 1.3.2 Structure of the Agreement -- 1.3.3 Primacy of transaction value -- 1.3.4 Alternative methods of value -- 1.3.5 Limits of the Agreement -- 2 Transaction Value Method -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.1.1 "The price actually paid or payable ..." -- (a) Deriving a "price" -- (b) Direct and indirect payments -- 2.1.2 "... for the goods ..." -- (a) Interest payments -- (b) Dividend payments -- (c) Payments for post-importation services and costs -- (d) Advertizing and marketing costs -- (e) Software -- (f) Payments for damaged goods/goods not in accordance with contract -- 2.1.3 "... when sold for export ..." -- 2.1.4 "... adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Article 8" -- 2.2 Required Additions to Price -- 2.2.1 General considerations -- 2.2.2 Commissions and Brokerage -- (a) Buyer's agent - typical duties -- (b) Seller's agent - typical duties -- 2.2.3 Containers and packing -- 2.2.4 Assists -- (a) General principles -- (b) Assists - categories and conditions -- (i) The four assist categories -- (ii) Conditions for additions to price -- (c) Assists - valuation and apportionment -- (i) Valuing the assist -- (ii) Apportionment
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(b) A system which provides for the acceptance for customs purposes of the higher of two alternative values -- (c) Price of goods on the domestic market of the country of exportation -- (d) Cost of production other than computed values which have been determined for identical or similar goods in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 (computed value) -- (e) The price of goods for export to a country other than the country of importation -- (f) Minimum customs values -- (g) Arbitrary or fictitious values -- 3.4.3 Article 7 and valuation of used goods -- 3.5 Answer Key -- Test your knowledge - identify identical or similar goods -- Invoice numbers 2, dated February 1, 2007 -- Invoice numbers 3, dated November 15, 2006 -- Invoice numbers 4, dated February 10, 2007 -- Invoice numbers 5, dated February 10, 2007 -- Test your knowledge - identifying the relevant unit sale price -- Case study - valuation of used cars under Article 7 -- 4 Implementation and operation -- 4.1 Currency conversion -- 4.2 Importer procedural rights -- 4.2.1 Protection of confidential information -- 4.2.2 Right of appeal -- 4.2.3 Right to explanation -- 4.2.4 Publication of laws and decisions -- 4.2.5 Release under guarantee -- 4.3 Customs verification -- 4.3.1 Right to verify truth or accuracy -- (a) Technical Committee advisory opinions -- (b) Uruguay Round Ministerial decision -- (c) "Reasons to doubt" -- 4.3.2 Valuation databases -- 4.3.3 Generally accepted accounting principles -- 4.3.4 Exchange of information between customs administrations -- (a) Bilateral/regional mutual assistance agreements -- (b) Nairobi Convention -- (c) Doha Decision on exchange of information -- 4.4 Special and differential treatment -- 4.4.1 Delay application of the Agreement (Article 20.1 and Annex III, paragraph 1) -- 4.4.2 Continue use of price lists/official minimum values (Annex III, paragraph 2)
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(d) Royalties and license fees -- (i) Condition 1: the payment must be "related to the goods being valued" -- (ii) Condition 2: the buyer must pay, directly or indirectly, as a condition of sale -- (iii) Condition 3: the payment is not already included in the price actually paid or payable -- 2.2.5 Proceeds -- (a) General principles -- (b) Assists - categories and conditions -- (i) The four assist categories -- (ii) Conditions for additions to price -- (c) Assists - valuation and apportionment -- (i) Valuing the assist -- (ii) Apportionment -- (d) Royalties and license fees -- (i) Condition 1: the payment must be "related to the goods being valued" -- (ii) Condition 2: the buyer must pay, directly or indirectly, as a condition of sale -- (iii) Condition 3: the payment is not already included in the price actually paid or payable -- 2.2.5 Proceeds -- 2.2.6 International transport costs -- 2.2.7 No other additions -- 2.3 When transaction value cannot be used -- 2.3.1 Restrictions on distribution and use of goods -- 2.3.2 Price subject to condition -- 2.3.3 Proceeds -- 2.3.4 Related-party transactions -- (a) Definition of related parties -- (i) Family -- (ii) Members of the same or affiliated business enterprises -- (iii) Financial/legal control -- Stock ownership -- Control concept -- (iv) Sole agent/distributor/concessionaire -- (b) Related parties - tests -- (c) Transfer pricing and customs valuation -- 2.4 Answer key -- Test your knowledge - can transaction value be used? -- Pricing formulae -- Package deals (one price for several items) -- Barter deals -- Test your knowledge - should these payments be included in transaction value? -- Two questions for experts -- 1. Multi-tier transactions -- 2. The tourist trader -- Test your knowledge - "objective and quantifiable evidence" -- Test your knowledge - apportionment of assists
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4.4.3 Delay in application of computed value method (Article 20.2 and Annex III, paragraph 3) -- 4.4.4 Apply "super deductive" method, regardless of importer's consent (Annex III, paragraph 4) -- 4.5 Answer Key -- Use of valuation databases -- 5 Administration and Dispute Settlement -- 5.1 WTO and WCO Valuation Committees -- 5.1.1 WTO Committee on Customs Valuation -- 5.1.2 Technical Committee on Customs Valuation -- 5.2 Notifications -- 5.3 Dispute Settlement -- 6 Conclusion -- 6.1 A developing-developed country divide? -- 6.2 Need for customs modernization -- 6.3 New legal rules -- 6.4 The future -- Appendices -- 1 WTO Valuation Agreement Text -- 2 WTO Uruguay Round Ministerial Decisions -- 3 WTO/GATT Valuation Committee Decisions -- 4 World Customs Organization Valuation Database Guidelines -- 5 World Customs Organization: Measures to Combat Valuation Fraud -- 6 WTO Handbook on Valuation notification Requirements -- 7 WTO Dispute Settlement Case Summaries - Customs Valuation -- 8 WTO Website and Official Documents -- Index
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Test your knowledge - royalties and license fees -- Test your knowledge - proceeds -- Test your knowledge - transport charges -- Test your knowledge - do these sales restrictions prevent use of transaction value? -- Test your knowledge - circumstances of sale -- 3 Alternative Valuation Methods -- 3.1 Transaction value of identical or similar goods -- 3.1.1 The valuation principle -- When are Articles 2 and 3 applied? -- 3.1.2 What are identical and similar goods? -- 3.1.3 Other conditions -- (a) Identical or similar goods must have been "exported at or about the same time" -- (b) Identical or similar goods should be made by same producer -- (c) Identical or similar goods should be sales at the same level of trade -- (d) Adjustments for transport charges -- (e) Goods incorporating design/engineering assists are not identical or similar -- (f) Test your knowledge - identify identical or similar goods -- 3.1.4 Implementation challenges -- 3.2 Deductive value method -- 3.2.1 Importer's option - bypass deductive value -- 3.2.2 Deductive value conditions -- 3.2.3 The deductive value calculation -- 3.2.4 Deduction for commissions or profit/general expense -- 3.2.5 Deduction for costs of transport in country of importation -- 3.2.6 Deduction for international transport charges -- 3.2.7 Deduction for customs duties and national taxes -- 3.2.8 Superdeductive value - goods processed after importation -- 3.3 Computed Value Method -- 3.3.1 The concept -- 3.3.2 The cost or value of materials and processing -- 3.3.3 An amount for profit and general expenses -- 3.3.4 The (actual) costs of international transport -- 3.4 Fall-Back Method -- 3.4.1 The valuation principle -- 3.4.2 Prohibited valuation methods -- (a) The selling price in the country of importation of goods domestically produced
Additional Edition:
Print version Rosenow, Sheri A Handbook on the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,c2010 ISBN 9781107000841
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
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