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Format: 1 online resource (viii, 258 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-107-23437-9 , 1-107-30125-4 , 1-107-30633-7 , 0-511-91014-2 , 1-107-31408-9 , 1-107-30547-0 , 1-107-30853-4 , 1-299-25716-X

Series Statement: Cambridge tax law series

Content: A tax expenditure is a 'tax break' allowed to a taxpayer or group of taxpayers, for example, by way of concession, deduction, deferral or exemption. The tax expenditure concept, as it was first identified, was designed to demonstrate the similarity between direct government spending on the one hand and spending through the tax system on the other. The identification of benefits provided through the tax system as tax expenditures allows analysts to consider the fiscal significance of those parts of the tax system which do not contribute to the primary purpose of raising revenue. Although a seemingly simple concept, it has generated a range of complex definitional and practical issues, and this book identifies and critically assesses the controversial aspects of tax expenditure and tax expenditure management.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). , The tax expenditures concept -- Reporting on tax expenditures -- The practical significance of tax expenditures -- The politics of tax expenditure management -- Managing tax expenditure controversies. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-107-00736-4

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-107-31188-8

Language: English

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511910142

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (268 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781107007369 , 9781107306332

Series Statement: Cambridge Tax Law Series

Content: A tax expenditure is a 'tax break' allowed to a taxpayer or group of taxpayers, for example, by way of concession, deduction, deferral or exemption. This book identifies the complex definitional and practical issues the concept generates and critically assesses the controversial aspects of tax expenditure and tax expenditure management

Note: Cover -- Tax Expenditure Management -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The subject of this book -- 1.2 What are tax expenditures? -- 1.3 Why single out tax expenditures? -- 1.4 Explaining the focus upon tax expenditures - the significance of tax expenditures -- 1.4.1 The pragmatic politics of tax expenditures in contemporary democracies -- 1.4.2 Economic significance -- 1.4.3 Public administration -- 1.4.4 The uneasy case for examining tax expenditures in isolation -- 1.5 What else is controversial about tax expenditures? -- 1.5.1 The tax expenditure benchmark -- 1.5.2 Tax expenditure measurement -- 1.6 The irresolvable nature of these tax expenditure controversies -- 1.7 Tax expenditure controversies and liberal-democratic political theory -- 1.8 The thesis of the book -- 1.9 Outline of the book -- 2 The tax expenditures concept -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The concept of tax expenditures -- 2.2.1 The phrase 'tax expenditures' -- 2.2.2 The original intent of the 'tax expenditure' concept -- 2.2.3 Negative tax expenditures -- 2.2.4 A useful starting point -- 2.3 The purpose of categorisation -- 2.3.1 Framing the question of what is a tax expenditure -- 2.3.2 The elusive underlying concept -- 2.3.3 'Good' tax criteria -- 2.4 The function of identifying tax expenditures -- 2.4.1 Reporting on tax expenditures -- 2.4.2 Accountability and transparency -- 2.4.3 International aspects of tax expenditures -- 2.5 The identification of tax expenditures -- 2.5.1 The history of the generally adopted 'normative tax base' -- 2.5.2 Forty years of criticism of the 'normative tax base' -- 2.5.3 Identifying the benchmark -- 2.6 The measurement of tax expenditures -- 2.7 Contemporary expansions of the traditional concept of tax expenditures -- 2.8 Conclusion -- 3 Reporting on tax expenditures -- 3.1 Introduction , 3.2 International aspects of tax expenditures -- 3.2.1 International reports -- 3.2.1.1 The OECD -- 3.2.1.2 The World Bank -- 3.2.1.3 The IMF -- 3.2.2 What does this all mean? -- 3.3 The impact on reporting of the purpose and function of recognising tax expenditures -- 3.3.1 The growth and maturity of tax expenditure reporting -- 3.3.2 The regulatory status of tax expenditure reporting -- 3.3.3 Resource and data constraints -- 3.4 Tax expenditures so defined -- 3.5 The benchmark tax law -- 3.5.1 The conceptual benchmark approach -- 3.5.1.1 Country examples -- 3.5.2 The reference benchmark approach -- 3.5.2.1 Country examples -- 3.5.3 The substitution benchmark approach -- 3.5.3.1 Country examples -- 3.6 Identification of all types of tax expenditures -- 3.6.1 The limiting nature of the tax expenditures definition -- 3.6.2 Resource and data constraints -- 3.7 Measurement of tax expenditures -- 3.7.1 The revenue foregone approach -- 3.7.2 The revenue gain approach -- 3.7.3 The outlay equivalence approach -- 3.8 Structure and information contained in tax expenditures reports -- 3.8.1 The overall structure -- 3.8.2 Information on each tax expenditure -- 3.9 Conclusion -- 4 The practical significance of tax expenditures -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Where to start? Holism, atomism and tax expenditure management -- 4.3 The economic significance of tax expenditures -- 4.3.1 Well-being indicators -- 4.3.2 Distributive justice -- 4.3.2.1 The independent status of the distributive justice norm -- 4.3.2.2 What benefits/burdens should be the subject of distributional analysis? -- 4.3.2.3 Identifying beneficiaries and those suffering burdens of tax expenditures -- Informational limitations -- Conceptualising tax burden -- Incidence of benefits and burdens -- 4.3.2.4 The definition of distributive justice and international justice , 4.3.2.5 Determining the time at which the tax expenditure benefits the recipient/imposes a burden upon a person -- Intergenerational effects from the perspective of distributive ­justice -- 4.3.2.6 Classification of recipient groups -- 4.3.2.7 Concluding remarks regarding the relevance of distributive justice to tax expenditure management -- 4.3.3 Allocation efficiency (including compliance costs, global tax competition) -- 4.3.4 The size of government -- 4.4 Public administration -- 4.4.1 Fiscal significance -- 4.4.1.1 Aggregate cost -- 4.4.1.2 International assistance -- 4.4.1.3 Promoting public policy takeup through tax expenditures -- 4.5 Legal significance -- 4.5.1 Constitutional power and tax expenditures -- 4.5.1.1 Tax expenditures as a means of achieving objectives that cannot be the subject of direct spending -- 4.5.1.2 Tax expenditures and fiscal federalism -- 4.5.1.3 International trade law -- 4.6 Administration of taxation law -- 4.6.1 The management of tax expenditures is an important aspect of tax compliance management -- 4.6.2 What is compliance? -- 4.6.3 Evidence of overpayment of tax -- 4.6.4 Reasons for construction of compliance in terms of underpayment of tax -- 4.6.5 Performance measurement -- 4.6.6 Administrative fairness, legitimacy and voluntary compliance -- 4.6.7 Assessing administrative effectiveness - identifying operational tax expenditures -- 4.6.8 Integrating spending rules within a taxation framework -- 4.7 The legitimacy of government -- 4.8 Tax expenditures - the weak link in the fiscal chain? -- 5 The politics of tax expenditure management -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The connection between moral objectivity and the politics of tax expenditure management -- 5.2.1 Objectively right tax expenditure framework is possible, but has not yet been implemented , 5.2.2 An objectively right tax expenditure management framework underpinned by one first order norm is not possible, but there -- 5.3 Deontological norms and their relevance to tax expenditure management -- 5.3.1 Libertarianism -- 5.3.1.1 Individual autonomy -- 5.3.1.2 Tax base and redistribution -- 5.3.1.3 The negative definition of freedom and redistribution -- 5.3.1.4 The size of government and fiscal illusion - the libertarian role for tax expenditure management -- 5.3.1.5 Libertarian tax expenditure 'management' -- 5.3.2 State neutrality - optimising allocative efficiency -- 5.3.2.1 Alternate definitions of efficiency -- 5.3.2.2 Efficiency as wealth maximisation -- 5.3.2.3 Pareto optimal efficiency -- 5.3.2.4 Welfare maximisation -- 5.3.2.5 Technical efficiency -- 5.3.2.6 The rhetorical appeal of wealth maximisation -- 5.3.2.7 Theoretical disagreements regarding the application of wealth maximisation -- 5.3.2.8 Empirical matters -- 5.3.2.9 Application of wealth maximisation in the real world of the second best -- 5.3.2.10 Time frame over which efficiency is determined -- 5.3.2.11 Geographical scope -- 5.3.2.12 Efficiency as wealth maximisation and its relevance to tax expenditure management -- 5.3.3 Democracy - distributive justice -- 5.3.3.1 Does the state have a redistributive role? -- 5.3.3.2 Redistribute by taxation? -- 5.3.3.3 Elaboration of normative tax redistribution principle -- 5.3.3.4 Concluding comments -- 5.4 Democracy as political procedure - accountability and transparency -- 5.4.1 Transparency - for whom and for what purpose? -- 5.4.2 Elitism -- 5.4.3 Elitism with a republican facade: majoritarian democratic positivism -- 5.4.3.1 Thin and thick legal positivism -- 5.4.3.2 The democratic aspect of democratic positivism -- 5.4.3.3 Descriptive and prescriptive accounts of democratic positivism -- Descriptive democratic positivism , 6.3.8 Independent performance review of tax expenditure management , Prescriptive democratic positivism -- 5.4.3.4 The slender concept of democracy in democratic positivism -- 5.5 Ontological accounts of tax expenditure management -- 5.5.1 Republican success - the public gets what it wants I: public choice -- 5.5.1.1 The application of public choice to tax expenditures -- 5.5.2 The limitations of the public choice account -- 5.5.3 The public gets what it wants II - the entrepreneurial dream -- 5.6 Deliberative concepts of accountability -- 5.6.1 Amartya Sen's account of deliberation -- 5.6.1.1 Institutional aspects of Sen's theory -- 5.6.2 Deliberative democracy -- 5.6.2.1 Neutrality and deliberative democracy -- 5.6.2.2 Power imbalance and the deliberative minimisation of disagreement -- 5.6.2.3 Non-deliberative strategies warranted by 'just' causes -- 5.6.2.4 Alternate procedural rules where deliberation fails to resolve the moral controversy -- 5.6.2.5 Information requirements -- 6 Managing tax expenditure controversies -- 6.1 Introduction - epistemic and political tensions -- 6.1.1 Epistemic tensions -- 6.1.2 Political tensions -- 6.2 What is to be done? -- 6.2.1 Descriptive accounts of tax expenditure management practice -- 6.2.2 Normative deliberation upon tax expenditure management -- 6.3 Towards a democratic tax expenditure management framework -- 6.3.1 Definition of tax expenditures -- 6.3.2 Categorisation of tax expenditures as spending or as investment? -- 6.3.3 Ex ante tax expenditures analysis - as part of omnibus budget legislation or incorporated into discrete tax legislation? -- 6.3.4 Procedural accountability rules -- 6.3.4.1 Sunset provisions -- 6.3.4.2 'Pay As You Go' (PAYGO) budgetary rules -- 6.3.4.3 Budget envelope approach -- 6.3.4.4 Budget deficit cap -- 6.3.5 How should tax expenditures be assessed? -- 6.3.6 Performance analysis -- 6.3.7 Collaboration between tax policy agencies

Additional Edition: Print version Burton, Mark Tax Expenditure Management New York : Cambridge University Press,c2013 ISBN 9781107007369

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

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