Umfang:
1 online resource (410 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781107013186
,
9781107306417
Inhalt:
Aimed at ancient historians and archaeologists, this book argues that Republican Rome had a unique demographic system which made it possible for it to recover quickly from large-scale losses of manpower and that the establishment of the pax Romana resulted in fast population growth
Anmerkung:
Cover -- PEASANTS, CITIZENS AND SOLDIERS -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables -- Maps -- Note on abbreviations -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1 Evidence, theories and models in Roman population history -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 ROMAN DEMOGRAPHY: LOW COUNT VERSUS HIGH COUNT -- 1.3 TRADITIONAL TYPES OF EVIDENCE: LITERARY SOURCES AND RURAL SURVEY DATA -- 1.4 NEW APPROACHES -- 1.4.1 Evidence for land clearance -- 1.4.2 Evidence for the size of Italian towns -- 1.4.3 Osteological evidence -- 1.4.4 Estimates of carrying capacity -- 1.4.5 Comparative evidence -- 1.4.6 Climate change -- 1.4.7 Commercial grain imports -- 1.4.8 Imperial expansion and population growth -- 1.5 OLD AND NEW APPROACHES TO ROMAN DEMOGRAPHY: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS -- CHAPTER 2 Polybius' manpower figures and the size of the Italian population on the eve of the Hannibalic War -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.1.1 Low count -- 2.1.2 High count -- 2.1.3 Other interpretations -- 2.2 SOME WEAKNESSES OF EXISTING INTERPRETATIONS -- 2.2.1 Towards a new interpretation: the background to the tally of 225 BC -- 2.2.2 Age groups in the armies of the Republic -- 2.2.3 Some further implications -- 2.4 THE POPULATION OF ITALY IN 225 BC -- 2.5 THE POLYBIAN MANPOWER FIGURES AND ROMAN MOBILIZATION RATES -- 2.6 CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 3 Census procedures and the meaning of the republican and early-imperial census figures -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.1.1 A very short account of the republican census -- 3.1.2 The central problem: census procedures and registration rates -- 3.2 THE TARGET POPULATION OF THE REPUBLICAN CENSUSES: IUNIORES AND SENIORES -- 3.2.1 Citizens sui iuris and citizens alieni iuris -- 3.2.2 Cives optimo iure and cives sine suffragio -- 3.2.3 Legionaries serving outside Italy -- 3.2.4 Assidui and proletarii -- 3.3 CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED CENSUS PROCEDURES BEFORE THE SOCIAL WAR
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3.4 THE CENSUS FIGURE FOR 86/85 BC -- 3.5 SOME OTHER PIECES OF EVIDENCE -- 3.6 REPUBLICAN CENSUS PROCEDURES: SOME PROVISIONAL CONCLUSIONS -- 3.7 A CHANGE IN REGISTRATION OR REPORTING PRACTICES UNDER AUGUSTUS? -- 3.7.1 Interpreting the Augustan census figures: philological and technical arguments -- 3.7.2 Comparative perspectives on the Augustan census figures -- 3.6 CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 4 Peasants, citizens and soldiers, 201 BC-28 BC -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 201 BC AND 163 BC: FOUR QUESTIONS -- 4.2.1 The impact of the Hannibalic War and the census figure for 203 BC -- 4.2.2 Demographic recovery after the Second Punic War -- 4.2.3 The rationale behind viritane distributions and colonization -- 4.2.4 The low count and the spread of agricultural slavery -- 4.3 DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 163 BC AND 133 BC:THE BACKGROUND TO THE GRACCHAN LAND REFORMS -- 4.3.1 The Gracchan land reforms in the literary tradition -- 4.3.2 Theories of demographic decline: poverty and its consequences -- 4.3.3 More slaves = fewer rural citizens? -- 4.3.4 Recruitment and losses on the battlefield -- 4.3.5 An alternative low-count reconstruction -- 4.3.6 Competing low-count readings of the census figures for the period 163 BC-124 BC -- 4.3.7 The high count and the Gracchan land reforms -- 4.3.8 Survey archaeology and the Gracchan 'crisis' -- 4.4 DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 133 BC AND 28 BC -- 4.4.1 Marius and the proletarianization of the legions -- 4.4.2 Emigration from Italy -- 4.4.3 Emigration, urbanization and the decline of the free population -- 4.5 CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 5 The Augustan census figures and Italy's urban network -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.1.1 The geographical distribution of the population -- 5.1.2 Italy's urban network at the time of Augustus -- 5.1.3 Definitional problems -- 5.1.4 Some methodological considerations
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5.2 THE URBAN NETWORK OF CISALPINE GAUL IN 28 BC -- 5.2.1 Some ingredients for a more detailed analysis -- 5.2.2 Expected urbanization rates -- 5.2.3 Expected urban population densities -- 5.2.4 A low-count model for Cisalpine Gaul -- 5.2.5 A high-count model for Cisalpine Gaul? -- 5.3 THE POPULATION OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ITALY -- 5.3.1 Expected urbanization rates in central and southern Italy -- 5.3.2 Expected urban population densities in central and southern Italy -- 5.4 THE URBAN NETWORK OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ITALY IN 28 BC: A BRIEF OUTLINE -- 5.4.1 Some low-count models for central and southern Italy -- 5.4.2 Some high-count models for central and southern Italy -- 5.5 SOME GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 6 Survey archaeology and demographic developments in the Italian countryside -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS -- 6.3 DIACHRONIC PATTERNS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION -- 6.4 TRENDS IN SITE NUMBERS, 300 BC-AD 100 -- 6.5 RURAL SURVEY DATA AND DEMOGRAPHIC MODELS -- 6.6 SITE DENSITIES IN THE SUBURBIUM:TOWARDS A LOW-COUNT EXPLANATION -- 6.7 LAND AND LABOUR IN CENTRAL-WESTERN ITALY, 200 BC-AD 100 -- 6.8 CONCLUSIONS -- Epilogue -- APPENDIX I: Cities and towns in early-imperial Cisalpina -- 1. LARGE TOWNS (andgt -- 40 HA) ( 1 5 TOWNS) -- 2. MEDIUM-SIZED TOWNS (20-40 HA. ) ( 3 1 TOWNS, OF WHICH 29 KNOWN) -- 3. SMALL TOWNS (andlt -- 20 HA) (32 TOWNS, OF WHICH 18 KNOWN) -- APPENDIX II: Cities and towns in central and south Italy -- 1. LATIUM (51 TOWNS) -- 2. CAMPANIA (29 TOWNS) -- 3. PICENUM (23 TOWNS) -- 4. UMBRIA AND THE AGER GALLICUS (48 TOWNS) -- 5. ETRURIA (47 TOWNS) -- 6. SAMNIUM (39 TOWNS) -- 7. APULIA (73 TOWNS) -- 8. LUCANIA AND BRUTTIUM (32 TOWNS) -- APPENDIX III: Population figures for largest northern cities, AD 1600 -- APPENDIX IV: Some ingredients for a revised low-count model -- Bibliography -- Index
Weitere Ausg.:
Print version de Ligt, Luuk Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers New York : Cambridge University Press,c2012 ISBN 9781107013186
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwort(e):
Electronic books
URL:
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