Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xv, 423 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 9781139207850 (ebook)

Content: Anders Aslund is known to make bold predictions that initially arouse controversy but soon become common wisdom. In Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform (1989), he foresaw the collapse of the Soviet political and economic system. After Russia's financial crisis of 1998, observers declared the market economic experiment a failure, Aslund foresaw market economic success (Building Capitalism, 2002). In How Capitalism Was Built, 2nd Edition, he asks - and answers for the twenty-one countries he investigates: • Why did communism collapse? • Why did Russia not choose gradual reforms like China did? • Wherein lies the relative success of postcommunist transformation? • How did the oligarchs arise and decline vis-à-vis authoritarian leaders? Anyone who wants to understand the often confusing postcommunist dramas and obtain an early insight into the future will find this intellectually stimulating book useful. This edition includes updates to each chapter and new chapters on the impact of the global financial crisis and the European Union.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).

Additional Edition: Print version: ISBN 9781107026544

Language: English

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139207850

UID:

Format: XV, 423 Seiten : , Diagramme.

Edition: 2. ed.

ISBN: 978-1-107-02654-4 , 978-1-107-62818-2

Language: English

Subjects: History , Economics , Political Science

Keywords: Wirtschaftsreform ; Privatisierung ; Demokratisierung ; Postkommunismus ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Kapitalismus ; Privatisierung ; Demokratisierung

URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025287448&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 423 pages) , Diagramme

Edition: Second edition

ISBN: 9781139207850

Content: Anders Aslund is known to make bold predictions that initially arouse controversy but soon become common wisdom. In Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform (1989), he foresaw the collapse of the Soviet political and economic system. After Russia's financial crisis of 1998, observers declared the market economic experiment a failure, Aslund foresaw market economic success (Building Capitalism, 2002). In How Capitalism Was Built, 2nd Edition, he asks - and answers for the twenty-one countries he investigates: • Why did communism collapse? • Why did Russia not choose gradual reforms like China did? • Wherein lies the relative success of postcommunist transformation? • How did the oligarchs arise and decline vis-à-vis authoritarian leaders? Anyone who wants to understand the often confusing postcommunist dramas and obtain an early insight into the future will find this intellectually stimulating book useful. This edition includes updates to each chapter and new chapters on the impact of the global financial crisis and the European Union

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781107026544

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781107628182

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Åslund, Anders, 1952 - How capitalism was built Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2013 ISBN 9781107026544

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781107628182

Language: English

Subjects: History , Economics , Political Science

Keywords: Russland ; Postkommunismus ; Kapitalismus ; Privatisierung ; Europa

DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139207850

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (442 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 9781107026544 , 9781139782906

Content: Aslund explains why communism collapsed, why Russia did not choose gradual reforms like China, wherein lies the relative success of postcommunist transformation in twenty-one countries, how oligarchs arose and declined vis-à-vis authoritarian leaders and the impacts of the global financial crisis and the European Union

Note: Cover -- How Capitalism Was Built -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: A World Transformed -- OVERVIEW OF THE ARGUMENTS OF THIS BOOK -- Was It Possible to Build Well-Functioning Market Economies in a Few Years? -- Was It Not Inevitable that Capitalism Would Win? -- What Kind of Reforms Have Worked the Best? -- What Has Been the Main Obstacle to Reform? -- Why Was Speed So Important for the Transition? -- Why Didn't Russia Follow the Successful Chinese Model of Economic Reform? -- Why Was the Postcommunist Transition So Arduous? -- Has Output Really Fallen More than During the Great Depression? -- Why Have the Outcomes of the Postcommunist Transformation Varied So Greatly? -- Hadn't a Gradual Dissolution of the Soviet Union Been Better? -- Has Privatization Been Overdone? -- Are Oligarchs Pure Parasites? -- Has Western Aid Been Useful? -- Is the European Union the Best Solution? -- Have the Postcommunist Countries Achieved Sustainable Economic Growth? -- 1 Communism and Its Demise -- REAL SOCIALISM -- The Most Thoroughly Politicized System the World Has Seen -- Zealous Nationalization of the Means of Production -- Centralized Bureaucratic Allocation -- Hierarchical Economic Policy Making -- Prices Were Subordinate and Physical Output Was the Central Objective -- There Was No Real Money -- Mobilization of Resources -- The Building of a Strong Military Industry -- Wages and Private Consumption Were Held Back to the Benefit of Investment and Military Expenditures -- Investment in Human Capital Was the Most Positive Aspect of Socialism -- Each Communist Country Had a National Economic System Aiming at Autarky -- Shortages Were Ubiquitous -- High Growth Rates -- DECLINE AND FALL OF SOCIALISM -- Falling Growth Rates -- Falling Oil Prices -- Challenges from the Arms Race and IT , A BIG BANG: VITAL IN DEREGULATION -- 5 From Hyperinflation to Financial Stability -- HIGH AND PERSISTENT INFLATION -- ESTABLISHING NATIONAL CURRENCIES -- RADICAL FISCAL ADJUSTMENT WAS KEY -- The Ministry of Finance Had to Be Reinforced -- Large Budget Deficits Were of No Benefit -- State Revenues Contracted Slowly -- Public Expenditures Were Eventually Severely Cut -- MONETARY POLICY: FROM LOOSE TO STRICT -- Entrepreneurial but Problematic Banking Systems -- Capital Flight -- EXCHANGE RATES: CURRENCY BOARD OR FREE FLOAT -- TAX POLICY: FROM SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC TO LIBERAL -- DRAMAS OF FINANCIAL STABILIZATION -- The Arrears Crisis -- THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL CRASH OF 1998 -- INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE: INSUFFICIENT BUT CRUCIAL -- MAJOR LESSONS FROM POSTCOMMUNIST STABILIZATION -- 6 Privatization: The Establishment of Private Property Rights -- DIFFERING AIMS OF PRIVATIZATION -- The Political Goal: Depoliticization of Enterprises -- The Key Economic Goal: Building the Foundation of a Market Economy -- A Well-Functioning Market Economy -- Enterprises Needed Real Owners -- Companies Had to Be Made Independent -- Privatization Helped to Impose Hard Budget Constraints on Enterprises -- Enterprise Restructuring and Corporate Governance -- The Creation of a Real Capital Market -- Investment -- State Revenues -- What Justice? -- Restitution -- Property Distribution Through Privatization -- Share Distribution to Workers -- Property Sold at Market Price -- The Specter of Spontaneous Privatization -- Choices of Privatization -- SMALL-SCALE PRIVATIZATION: IF STARTED,SWIFTLY DONE -- LARGE-SCALE PRIVATIZATION: THE BIGGEST HEADACHE -- Initial Public Offerings -- Direct Sales or Investment Tenders -- Voucher Privatization -- Manager or Employee Privatization -- Bankruptcy and Liquidation -- Privatization of Land, Real Estate, and Housing , Delegitimization of Communist Ideology -- Deconcentration of Power -- Political Breakdown -- Aggravated Political Illegitimacy -- Rising Soviet Fiscal Deficits -- Aggravated Shortages -- Open, High Inflation -- Excessive Foreign Debt -- End of the Brezhnev Doctrine -- National Divisions -- Sequencing of Democratization -- THE DEMISE OF COMMUNISM IN CENTRAL EUROPE -- Negotiated Transition: Poland and Hungary -- Popular Revolt: East Germany and Czechoslovakia -- Communist Coups: Bulgaria and Romania -- THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION -- Russia: Attempt at Democracy and Radical Economic Reform -- The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania): Determined Democracy and Radical Reform -- Ukraine and Moldova: Communists Stayed in Power as Nationalists -- The War-Torn Caucasus -- Belarus and Central Asia: Continued Authoritarian Rule -- 2 Radical Reform versus Gradualism -- THE RADICAL REFORM PROGRAM: A BIG BANG -- The Importance of Speed and Comprehensiveness -- GRADUAL REFORM PROGRAMS -- The Chinese Model -- Western Arguments for Gradualism -- Przeworski's Political Economy -- Theoretical Political Economy -- Disorganization -- Institutions First -- Reform Communists Opposing a Normal Market Economy -- RENT SEEKING: THE SCOURGE OF TRANSITION -- CRITICISM OF RADICAL REFORM AFTER THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL CRASH -- 3 Output: From Slump to Recovery and Boom -- SHARP DECLINE IN RECORDED OUTPUT AND VARIED RECOVERY -- EXAGGERATION OF THE SLUMP -- RADICAL REFORM: LEAST DECLINE AND EARLY RECOVERY -- Control of Inflation: A Necessary Precondition for Growth -- Liberalization: Most Important for Growth -- Privatization -- LATE REFORMERS: BOOM FROM 1999 UNTIL 2008 -- 4 Liberalization: The Creation of a Market Economy -- TWO STRATEGIES OF DEREGULATION -- LIBERALIZATION OF FOREIGN TRADE -- LABOR MARKET POLICY -- COMBAT OF MONOPOLY: GAS AND COAL , New Enterprise Development: The Ultimate Success -- GREAT ACHICVEMENTS OF PRIVATIZATION -- Extraordinary Expansion of the Private Sector -- Democracy -- Formation of a Market Economy -- Hardening of Budget Constraints -- Competition -- Enterprise Restructuring -- Replacement of Enterprise Manager -- Defensive Restructuring Imposed by Hard Budget Constraints -- Privatization Needed for Offensive Restructuring -- The Evolution of Stock Markets -- Replacement of Enterprise Manager -- Defensive Restructuring Imposed by Hard Budget Constraints -- Privatization Needed for Offensive Restructuring -- The Evolution of Stock Markets -- Justice? -- THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF OLIGARCHS -- ARE OLIGARCHS ECONOMICALLY EFFICIENT? -- VITAL: SPEED AND LEGITIMACY OF PROPERTY RIGHTS -- 7 The Social System -- INCOMES: DIFFERENTIATION AND POVERTY -- LIFE AND HEALTH -- A Setback in Male Life Expectancy -- Falling Infant Mortality -- Confusing Demographic Developments -- EDUCATION ADJUSTING TO DEMAND -- SOCIAL TRANSFERS AND PENSION REFORM -- The Dilemmas of a Social Safety Net -- An Expensive but Inadequate Pension System -- THREE ALTERNATIVE SOCIAL MODELS -- 8 The Politics of Transition -- DEMOCRATIC BREAKTHROUGH AND CONSOLIDATION: CRITICAL FOR SUCCESSFULL TRANSFORMATION -- THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF POLICY REFORM -- AN UNDERREFORM TRAP -- THE POLITICS OF OLIGARCHY -- PUTIN'S ALTERNATIVE: CONSOLIDATION OF AUTHORITARIAN POWER -- RENEWED DEMOCRATIZATION: COLORED REVOLUTIONS -- IDEOLOGY, PARTIES, ELECTORAL RULES, AND CONSTITUTIONS -- HOW TO TAME THE LEVIATHAN: REFORM OF THE COMMUNIST STATE -- WHY HAS DEMOCRACY BUILDING DONE SO POORLY? -- 9 From Crime Toward Law -- AN EXPLOSION OF CRIME -- ATTEMPTS AT BUILDING A LEGAL SYSTEM -- CORRUPTION: THE BANE OF TRANSITION -- 10 The Importance of the European Union -- THE DREAM OF EUROPE -- WESTERN FAILURE TO ACT IN THE EAST , THE PERSISTENT FAILURE OF THE CIS -- TRADE POLICY: A GULF BETWEEN THE EU AND THE CIS -- EUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP -- 11 The Global Financial Crisis, 2007-2012 -- SUCCESS BRED OVERHEATING -- EXCHANGE-RATE DILEMMAS -- CRISIS RESOLUTION -- BANKING CRISIS -- OUTCOME OF THE CRISIS RESOLUTION -- THE EU COUNTRIES SUFFERED MORE BUT REFORMED MORE -- 12 Conclusions: A World Transformed -- A BROADENING DIVIDE BETWEEN THE EU AND THE POST-SOVIET WORLD -- ACHIEVEMENTS AND REVELATIONS -- Bibliography -- Index

Additional Edition: Print version Aslund, Anders How Capitalism Was Built New York : Cambridge University Press,c2012 ISBN 9781107026544

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

URL: FULL  ((OIS Credentials Required))

UID:

Format: xv, 423 Seiten , Diagramme , 24 cm

Edition: Second edition

ISBN: 9781107026544 , 9781107628182

Content: "Anders Åslund is known for making bold predictions, which initially arouse controversy but become common wisdom a few years later. He foresaw the collapse of the Soviet Union in his book Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform (1989). He depicted the success of Russia's market transformation in How Russia Became a Market Economy (1995), when others saw little but chaos. After Russia's financial crisis of 1998, ijlund insisted that Russia had no choice but to adjust to the world market (Building Capitalism, 2002), although most observers declared the market economic experiment a failure. - Why did not Russia choose Chinese gradual reforms? - Why are the former Soviet countries growing much faster than the Central European economies? - How did the oligarchs arise? - Where are the postcommunist countries heading? These are just some of the questions answered in his new book How Capitalism Was Built which tells the story how all but three of twenty-one former communist countries were transformed into market economies from 1989 to 2011, but less than half of them became democracies. Anybody who wants to understand the often confusing dramas unfolding in the region and to obtain an early insight into the future will find this book useful and intellectually stimulating"--

Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 367-400 , Machine generated contents note: Introduction: a world transformed; 1. Communism and its demise; 2. Radical reform versus gradualism; 3. Output: from slump to recovery and boom; 4. Liberalization: the creation of a market economy; 5. From hyperinflation to financial stability; 6. Privatization: the establishment of private property rights; 7. The social system; 8. The politics of transition; 9. From crime toward law; 10. The importance of the European Union; 11. The global financial crisis, 2007-2012; Conclusions: a world transformed.

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Åslund, Anders, 1952 - How capitalism was built Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2013 ISBN 9781139207850

Language: English

Subjects: History , Economics , Political Science

Keywords: Russland ; Postkommunismus ; Kapitalismus ; Privatisierung ; Europa ; Russland ; Postkommunismus ; Kapitalismus ; Privatisierung ; Europa ; Postkommunismus ; Kapitalismus ; Privatisierung

URL: Autorenbiografie

URL: Verlagsangaben

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis