UID:
almafu_9961294321402883
Umfang:
1 online resource (xvi, 487 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
Ausgabe:
First edition.
ISBN:
1-316-43494-X
,
1-139-54892-1
Inhalt:
Exploring Language and Linguistics considers the key concepts of linguistics and the application of these concepts to real-world settings. The first eight chapters cover the standard topics of introduction to linguistics courses, while subsequent chapters introduce students to applied topics such as media discourse, literary linguistics and psycholinguistics. Each chapter has been written by a subject expert and experienced teacher, ensuring that the text is both up-to-date and clearly presented. Numerous learning features provide extensive student support: exercises allow students to review their understanding of key topics; summaries encourage students to reflect on the main points of each chapter; figures, photos, tables and charts clarify complex topics; and annotated suggestions for further reading point students to resources for self-study. A companion website, with 170 self-test questions, suggested group exercises, audio files and links to additional web resources, completes the learning package.
Anmerkung:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 29 May 2018).
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Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: what is language? What is linguistics? -- Preview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Saussure and some important concepts in linguistics -- 1.3 What are the characteristics of human language and animal communication? -- 1.4 Where did human language come from? -- 1.5 What happens when we acquire language? -- 1.6 Language is studied in its social context -- 1.7 Linguistics is descriptive not prescriptive -- 1.8 Linguistics is scientific in its approach -- 1.9 Summary -- 1.10 Introduction to chapters of the book -- Levels of linguistic description -- Applied approaches to linguistics -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 2 Phonetics -- Preview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Voice -- 2.3 Consonants -- 2.4 Vowels -- 2.5 Tone and intonation -- 2.6 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- Web resources -- Exercises and tutorials -- The International Phonetic Association -- The IPA Chart -- Interactive charts -- Hard copies -- Typing phonetic/phonemic transcriptions -- Speech analysis -- Visible speech. . . -- Phonetics of other languages -- Resources - general -- References -- 3 Phonology -- Preview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Phonotactics and syllables -- 3.3 Phonemes and allophones -- 3.4 Alternations and conditioning factors -- 3.4.1 Phonetic conditioning -- 3.4.2 Phonetic and morphological conditioning -- 3.4.3 Morphological and lexical conditioning -- 3.5 The syllable -- 3.6 Syllable weight -- 3.7 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References and data sources -- 4 Morphology -- Preview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Morphemes and other morphological building-blocks.
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4.3 Inflectional morphology -- 4.4 An analytical and descriptive system for the study of word-formation -- 4.5 Survey of English word-formation patterns -- 4.5.1 Compounding -- 4.5.2 Prefixation -- 4.5.3 Suffixation -- 4.5.4 Conversion and zero-derivation -- 4.5.5 Back-formation -- 4.5.6 Non-morphemic word-formation types -- 4.6 A note on theoretical issues -- 4.7 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 5 Grammar -- Preview -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 What is grammar? -- 5.2.1 Towards a definition -- 5.2.2 How do languages 'do' grammar? -- 5.3 Approaches to grammar -- 5.3.1 Primary versus secondary grammar -- 5.3.2 Prescriptive versus descriptive grammar -- 5.3.3 Pedagogic versus scientific grammar -- 5.4 Describing English grammar -- 5.4.1 The structure of grammar -- 5.4.2 Classifying words: word classes -- 5.4.3 Analysing clauses: clause elements -- 5.4.4 Building sentences: clause combination -- 5.5 Variation in grammar -- 5.5.1 Historical change -- 5.5.2 Standard versus non-standard varieties -- 5.5.3 Appropriateness -- 5.5.4 Spoken versus written grammar -- 5.5.5 Tendencies -- 5.6 Why does grammar matter? -- 5.6.1 Debunking myths about language -- 5.6.2 Explaining language play -- 5.6.3 Understanding ambiguity -- 5.7 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 6 Syntax -- Preview -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Syntax: the study of sentence structure -- 6.3 Syntactic theory and its goals -- 6.4 Universal and language-specific properties of phrase structure -- 6.5 Universal and language-specific properties of movement -- 6.6 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 7 Semantics -- Preview -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Reference and sense -- 7.3 Word meaning -- 7.3.1 Types of words -- 7.3.2 The lexicon -- 7.3.3 Lexical relations.
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Types of homonymy: -- 7.3.4 Word meaning and concepts -- 7.4 Sentence meaning -- 7.4.1 Classifying the situation -- 7.4.2 Classifying participants -- 7.4.3 Meaning relations between sentences -- 7.4.4 Linguistic truth and meaning -- 7.5 Non-literal meaning -- Types of metonymy -- 7.6 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 8 Pragmatics -- Preview -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Semantics and pragmatics: a viable distinction? -- 8.3 Context and meaning -- 8.4 Deixis -- 8.5 Presupposition -- 8.6 Speech act theory -- 8.7 Grice on meaning -- 8.8 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading: -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 9 Discourse analysis -- Preview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 How do we communicate? -- 9.3 Text, genre (text types) and discourse: introducing the main concepts -- 9.4 An overview of the development of discourse analysis research -- 9.4.1 The sociolinguistics turn -- 9.4.2 The functional turn: language is a way of behaving and making others behave -- 9.4.3 The exchange structure -- 9.4.4 Voloshinov and social semiotics -- 9.4.5 Critical discourse analysis -- 9.5 Doing discourse analysis: some interesting areas -- 9.5.1 Interaction in discourse: participants and roles -- 9.5.2 Imagined readers and real readers -- 9.5.3 The difference between text and talk -- 9.6 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 10 Historical linguistics -- Preview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The historical background to historical linguistics -- 10.3 Explanations for change: actuation and propagation -- 10.3.1 Actuation -- 10.3.2 Propagation -- 10.4 Types of linguistic change -- 10.4.1 Phonological change -- 10.4.2 Grammatical change -- 10.4.3 Lexical change -- Acronymization -- Back-formation -- Blending -- Clipping -- Coinage -- Conversion -- Derivation -- Compounding.
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10.4.4 Semantic change -- 10.5 Data and method -- Spelling -- Rhymes and rhyming dictionaries -- Puns -- Statements made by grammarians and spelling reformers -- Clues from other languages -- Following paths of development -- 10.6 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 11 Sociolinguistics -- Preview -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is sociolinguistics? -- 11.3 Regional variation -- 11.3.1 Issues around terminology -- 11.3.2 How can we examine regional variation? -- 11.3.3 Case study: [r] -- 11.4 Gender and sexuality -- 11.4.1 Issues around terminology -- 11.4.2 Gender-exclusive and gender-preferential forms -- 11.4.3 Examining language variation and gender -- 11.4.4 Case studies: gender and standard language -- 11.4.5 Mixed-gender interaction -- 11.4.6 Dominance vs deficience vs different? -- 11.4.7 Language and sexuality -- 11.4.8 Performing identity -- 11.5 Age -- 11.5.1 Life stages -- 11.5.2 Case study: slang -- 11.6 Ethnicity -- 11.6.1 Case study: African American Vernacular English (AAVE) -- 11.7 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 12 Child language acquisition -- Preview -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 What has to be acquired: some things every child has to learn -- 12.3 When is this knowledge acquired? -- 12.3.1 The first year of life -- 12.3.2 The acquisition of English -- 12.3.3 Other languages -- 12.4 Theories of language acquisition -- 12.4.1 The input as a basis for learning -- 12.4.2 An alternative: input with help from biology -- 12.4.3 Debates about what role input plays -- 12.5 Language learning in special populations -- 12.6 UG is the right theory - but how to execute learning? -- 12.6.1 The subset principle -- 12.6.2 Language processing and language acquisition -- 12.6.2.1 Learning dative verbs -- 12.6.2.2 The interpretation of pronouns.
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12.6.2.3 Question formation in Akan -- 12.7 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 13 Psycholinguistics -- Preview -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Storing language: sounds, words and grammar -- 13.2.1 Phonemes -- 13.2.2 Lexis -- 13.2.3 Grammar -- 13.3 Using language: basic principles -- 13.3.1 Memory -- 13.3.2 Attention -- 13.3.3 Automaticity -- 13.4 Using language: the productive skills -- 13.4.1 General processes -- 13.4.2 Speaking -- 13.4.3 Writing -- 13.5 Using language: perception -- 13.5.1 Listening -- 13.5.2 Reading -- 13.6 Comprehension in listening and reading -- 13.7 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 14 Clinical linguistics -- Preview -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Breakdown in the communication cycle -- 14.3 Significant clinical distinctions -- 14.4 Developmental communication disorders -- 14.4.1 Cleft lip and palate -- 14.4.2 Specific language impairment -- 14.5 Acquired communication disorders -- 14.5.1 Aphasia -- 14.5.2 Communication after laryngectomy -- 14.6 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 15 Language and ideology -- Preview -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Ideology -- 15.2.1 Explicit and implicit textual meaning -- 15.3 Implicit textual meaning -- 15.3.1 Naturalized ideologies -- 15.3.2 Textual-conceptual functions -- 15.4 The textual-conceptual functions -- 15.4.1 Naming and describing -- 15.4.2 Presenting processes, actions and states of being -- 15.4.3 Hypothesizing -- 15.4.4 Contrasting -- 15.4.5 Negating -- 15.4.6 Enumerating and exemplifying -- 15.4.7 Presenting others' discourse -- 15.4.8 Assuming -- 15.4.9 Constructing a time-space envelope -- 15.5 Summary -- Suggestions for further reading -- ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -- References -- 16 Media discourse -- Preview -- 16.1 Introduction.
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16.2 Media discourse in the news.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 1-107-66250-8
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 1-107-03546-5
Sprache:
Englisch
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