UID:
almafu_9960117197702883
Umfang:
1 online resource (pages 4083-4569) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
Ausgabe:
First edition.
ISBN:
9781108126311
,
1108126316
,
9781108129190
,
1108129196
,
9781108123617
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1108123619
Serie:
World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Reports
Inhalt:
The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practicing and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2015: Volume 8 reports on United States - Measures Affecting the Importation of Animals, Meat and Other Animal Products from Argentina (WT/DS447).
Anmerkung:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 29 Sep 2017).
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Cover -- Title page -- Half-title -- Copyright information -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- UNITED STATES - MEASURES AFFECTING THE IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS, MEAT AND OTHER ANIMAL PRODUCTS FROM ARGENTINA -- Report of the Panel -- LIST OF ANNEXES -- CASES CITED IN THIS REPORT -- EXHIBITS REFERRED TO IN THIS REPORT -- ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Complaint by Argentina -- 1.2 Panel Establishment and Composition -- 1.3 Panel Proceedings -- 1.3.1 General -- 1.3.2 Consultation of experts -- 1.3.2.1 Expert selection -- 2. FACTUAL ASPECTS -- 2.1 The Relevant Disease: Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) -- 2.2 The Measures at Issue -- 2.2.1 Prohibition on importation of fresh (chilled or frozen) beef from Northern Argentina and animals, meat and other animal products from the Patagonia region -- 2.2.1.1 Title 9 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 94 -- 2.2.1.2 APHIS' 2001 Interim and Final Rules amending 9 CFR 94 -- 2.2.2 The United States' alleged undue delay in the application of the procedures set forth in 9 CFR 92.2 to Argentina's requests for imports of fresh (chilled or frozen) beef from Northern Argentina and for recognition of Patagonia as free from FMD -- 2.2.2.1 Section 737 of the 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act -- 2.3 Products at Issue -- 2.4 Relevant International Standards, Guidelines, and Recommendations -- 2.4.1 The OIE and its mandate -- 2.4.2 The Terrestrial Code -- 2.4.2.1 Objectives and structure of the Terrestrial Code -- 2.4.2.2 Official recognition of disease status -- 2.4.3 Relevant standards, guidelines or recommendations invoked by the parties -- 2.5 The Parties' Domestic FMD Situations -- 2.5.1 Argentina -- 2.5.1.1 Northern Argentina -- 2.5.1.2 Patagonia -- 2.5.2 United States -- 3. PARTIES' REQUESTS FOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4. ARGUMENTS OF THE PARTIES -- 5. ARGUMENTS OF THE THIRD PARTIES.
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6. INTERIM REVIEW -- 6.1 Whether APHIS' Review Processes of Argentina's Requests Were Undertaken and Completed without Undue Delay -- 6.2 The United States' Appropriate Level of Protection for Foot-and-Mouth Disease -- 6.3 Whether the United States Took Into Account the Objective of Minimizing Negative Trade Effects When Determining its Appropriate Level of Sanitary Protection -- 6.4 Whether the United States' Measures Are More Trade- Restrictive Than Required to Achieve the United States' ALOP -- 6.5 Special and Differential Treatment -- 6.6 Argentina's Claims under the GATT 1994 -- 7. FINDINGS -- 7.1 Order of Analysis -- 7.1.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.1.2 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.2 Whether the United States' Measures Are SPS Measures -- 7.2.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.2.2 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.2.2.1 Argentina -- 7.2.2.2 United States -- 7.2.3 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.2.3.1 Whether the United States' measures are SPS measures within the meaning of Annex A(1) -- 7.2.3.2 Whether the United States' measures directly or indirectly affect international trade -- 7.2.4 Conclusion -- 7.3 Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures -- 7.3.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.3.2 Whether the application of the procedures set forth in 9 CFR 92.2 to Argentina's requests falls within the scope of Article 8 and Annex C(1) of the SPS Agreement -- 7.3.2.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.3.2.2 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.3.2.3 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.3.3 Whether APHIS' review processes of Argentina's requests were undertaken and completed without undue delay -- 7.3.3.1 General arguments of the parties -- 7.3.3.2 APHIS' review of Argentina's request for imports of fresh (chilled or frozen) beef from Northern Argentina -- 7.3.3.3 APHIS' review of Argentina's request for recognition of Patagonia as FMD-free.
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7.3.3.4 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.3.3.5 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.3.4 Whether APHIS' review processes of Argentina's requests met the procedural requirements set forth in Annex C(1)(b) of the SPS Agreement -- 7.3.4.1 Arguments of the parties -- 7.3.4.2 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.3.4.3 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.4 Harmonization -- 7.4.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.4.2 Whether the United States' measures are based on relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations -- 7.4.2.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.4.2.2 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.4.2.3 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.4.3 Whether the United States' measures are introduced or maintained consistently with Article 3.3 -- 7.5 Whether the United States' Measures Are Based on Scientific Principles and Maintained with Sufficient Scientific Evidence -- 7.5.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.5.2 Whether the United States' measures fall within the scope of the exemption in Article 5.7 -- 7.5.2.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.5.2.2 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.5.2.3 European Union -- 7.5.2.4 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.5.2.5 Conclusion -- 7.5.3 Whether the United States' measures are based on a risk assessment -- 7.5.3.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.5.3.2 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.5.3.3 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.5.4 Article 2.2 of the SPS Agreement -- 7.5.4.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.5.4.2 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.5.4.3 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.6 Appropriate Level of Protection -- 7.6.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.6.2 The United States' appropriate level of protection for foot-and-mouth disease -- 7.6.2.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.6.2.2 Analysis by the Panel.
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7.6.3 Whether the United States took into account the objective of minimizing negative trade effects when determining its appropriate level of sanitary protection -- 7.6.4 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.6.4.1 Argentina -- 7.6.4.2 United States -- 7.6.5 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.6.5.1 Australia -- 7.6.5.2 European Union -- 7.6.6 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.6.6.1 Conclusion -- 7.6.7 Whether the United States' measures are more traderestrictive than required to achieve the United States' ALOP -- 7.6.7.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.6.7.2 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.6.7.3 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.6.7.4 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.7 Whether the United States' Measures Arbitrarily or Unjustifiably Discriminate Between Members Where Identical or Similar Conditions Prevail or Are Applied in a Manner Which Constitutes a Disguised Restriction on International Trade -- 7.7.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.7.2 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.7.2.1 Argentina -- 7.7.2.2 United States -- 7.7.3 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.7.3.1 China -- 7.7.3.2 European Union -- 7.7.4 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.7.4.1 Discrimination between Northern Argentina and Uruguay -- 7.7.4.2 Discrimination between Patagonia, Santa Catarina, and Chile -- 7.7.4.3 Discrimination between Northern Argentina, Patagonia, Japan, and the United Kingdom -- 7.8 Adaptation to Regional Conditions -- 7.8.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.8.2 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.8.2.1 Argentina -- 7.8.2.2 United States -- 7.8.3 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.8.3.1 Brazil -- 7.8.3.2 European Union -- 7.8.4 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.8.4.1 The obligations under Article 6.1 -- 7.8.4.2 The obligations under Article 6.2 -- 7.8.4.3 The obligations under Article 6.3.
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7.8.4.4 The relationship between the obligations contained in the three paragraphs of Article 6 -- 7.8.4.5 Whether the United States recognized the concept of FMD-free areas and adapted its measure to the SPS characteristics of Patagonia -- 7.9 Special and Differential Treatment -- 7.9.1 Relevant legal provisions -- 7.9.2 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.9.2.1 Argentina -- 7.9.2.2 United States -- 7.9.3 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.9.3.1 China -- 7.9.3.2 European Union -- 7.9.4 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.9.4.1 Whether Article 10.1 is a positive obligation -- 7.9.4.2 Shall take account of special needs of developing country Members -- 7.9.4.3 Burden of proof -- 7.9.4.4 Whether the United States took account of Argentina's special needs -- 7.9.4.5 Conclusion -- 7.10 Consequential Violations -- 7.10.1 Argentina's claims under Article 1.1 of the SPS Agreement -- 7.10.1.1 Relevant legal provision -- 7.10.1.2 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.10.1.3 Main arguments of the third parties -- 7.10.1.4 Analysis by the Panel -- 7.10.2 Argentina's claims under Article 3.3 of the SPS Agreement -- 7.11 Argentina's Claims under the GATT 1994 -- 7.11.1 Main arguments of the parties -- 7.11.1.1 Argentina -- 7.11.1.2 United States -- 7.11.2 Analysis by the Panel -- 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION(S) -- APPENDIX 1 -- ANNEX A -- ANNEX B -- ANNEX C -- Cumulative List of Published Disputes.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9781107191624
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 1107191629
Sprache:
Englisch
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