UID:
almafu_9961900587002883
Umfang:
1 online resource (510 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
1-108-62597-5
,
1-108-63617-9
,
1-108-63060-X
Inhalt:
A comprehensive and detail-oriented analysis of the rule of law in the Islamic Republic of Iran and its social, political and historical contexts. The interdisciplinary and comparative nature of the book appeals to readers at the crossroads of comparative law, social science, Middle East and Islamic studies.
Anmerkung:
Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures, Maps and Tables -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Transliteration -- Chronology -- 1979 -- 1980 -- 1981 -- 1982 -- 1983 -- 1988 -- 1989 -- 1990 -- 1991 -- 1992 -- 1994 -- 1996 -- 1997 -- 1998 -- 1999 -- 2000 -- 2001 -- 2002 -- 2003 -- 2004 -- 2005 -- 2006 -- 2007 -- 2008 -- 2009 -- 2010 -- 2011 -- 2012 -- 2013 -- 2014 -- 2015 -- 2016 -- 2017 -- 2018 -- 2019 -- 2020 -- 2021 -- 2022 -- List of Abbreviations and Glossary -- 1 Governing the Law in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- 1 The Rule of Law -- 2 The Emergence of a Modern Legal System: From the Qajars to the Islamic Republic -- 3 Islamization of the Legal System -- 4 Revolutionary Innovations in Shiʿi Law -- 5 Organization of the Judiciary -- 5.1 Courts -- 5.2 The Head of the Judiciary and the Minister of Justice -- 5.3 Judges -- 5.4 Trials -- 6 This Volume -- 7 Five Major Challenges to Strengthening the Rule of Law -- 7.1 The Political Subservience of Parts of the Judiciary -- 7.2 The Death Penalty, Grievous Bodily Harm, Torture, and Prison Conditions -- 7.3 Lack of Independence of the Legal Profession -- 7.4 The Revolutionary Courts and the 2016 Political Crimes Act -- 7.5 Lengthy Litigation Timelines -- 8 Where to in the Rule of Law in Iran? -- Bibliography -- 2 The Islamic Penal Code of 2013: Traditions and Innovations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Part -- 2.1 The Principle of Legality -- 2.2 Punishment -- 2.2.1 The System of Sanctions -- 2.2.2 Terminating or Expunging Punishments -- 3 The Offence -- 3.1 Offence and Perpetrator -- 3.2 Responsibility for an Offence -- 4 Defense -- 4.1 Duress -- 4.2 State of Necessity -- 4.3 Self-Defense -- 4.4 Mistake of Law -- 5 Evidence -- 6 Books II-IV -- 6.1 Hadd -- 6.2 Qesās and Diyeh -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography.
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3 The Administration of Criminal Justice in Iran: Ideology, Judicial Personalism, and the Cynical Manipulation of Security -- 1 The Trajectory of Criminal Procedure under the Islamic Republic -- 2 Tension between Premodern Authenticity and the Challenges of Modernity -- 2.1 Evidence Used in Court: "Knowledge of the Judge" (ʿelm-e qāzi) -- 2.2 Qesās (Retaliation) and Bakhshesh (Forgiveness and Clemency) -- 2.3 The Office of Public Prosecutor (dā̄dsetān-e ʿomumi) -- 3 Politicization: Consequences of a Nonindependent Judiciary -- 3.1 The Tehran Prosecutor's Office -- 4 Challenges at Every Stage of the Criminal Justice System -- 4.1 Flawed Basis for Arrest -- 4.2 Legal and Judicial Flaws which Enable Arbitrary Detention and the Use of Torture -- 4.3 Examples of Torture and Ill-Treatment -- 4.4 Limiting Access to Legal Counsel -- 4.5 Procedural Flaws during Investigation and Trial -- 4.6 Procedural Flaws at the Appeal Stage -- 4.7 The Flawed Structure of Adjudication -- 5 The 2019-2020 Protests: Whither Accountability? -- 6 The Crackdown on the 2022-2023 Protests -- 7 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 4 Shiʿi Family Law under the Rule of Law? The Iranian Model and Current Approaches in the Shiʿi World -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ijtihād, the Rule of Law, and the Iranian Constitutional Context -- 2.1 Ijtihād in Shiʿi Islam -- 2.2 The Rule of Law and Family Law Codification -- 2.3 Ijtihād and the Rule of Law in the Iranian Constitution -- 3 Shiʿi Family Law in Current Legislation and Draft Laws -- 3.1 Iran -- 3.2 Afghanistan -- 3.3 Bahrain -- 3.4 Iraq -- 3.5 Summary: Shiʿi Family Law and Codification Today -- 4 Shiʿi Family Law under the Rule of Law: A Comparison -- 4.1 Temporary Marriage -- 4.2 Access to Divorce for Women -- 4.3 Judicializing Talāq -- 5 Contemporary Shiʿi Family Law, Ijtihād, and the Rule of Law: Conclusions -- Bibliography.
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5 Rule of Law or Rule by Law? Iran's Bar Association as a Pawn in Islamic-Republican Contestations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Popular Sovereignty and Clerical Veto Actors -- 3 History of the Modern Judiciary and the Tehran Bar Association -- 4 Islamization of the Justice System after 1979 -- 5 Revival in 1997 and Threatened Closure Thereafter -- 6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 6 Law Enforcement and the Judiciary in Postrevolutionary Iran -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Islamization of the Judiciary and the Police: 1979-1988 -- 3 Judiciary and Law Enforcement from the end of the Iran-Iraq War to the Reformist Era (1989-1999) -- 4 The Judiciary, the Police, and the Containment of Reform (1999-2004) -- 5 The Judiciary and the Police in Ahmadinejad's Era -- 6 The Suppression of the 2009 Green Movement -- 7 Police and Law Enforcement in the Rouhani Era (2013-2021) -- 8 Police Structure and Personnel -- 9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 7 The Problem of Overcrowded Prisons in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Incarceration Rate in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- 2.1 Prison Capacity -- 3 Prison Conditions -- 4 Amnesties and Pardons -- 4.1 Prison Leave -- 4.2 Alternative Sentences -- 4.3 Zendān-zodāyi (Decarceration): Further Attempts to Reduce the Prison Population -- 5 Pretrial Detention -- 6 Unintentional Prisoners (Zendānian-e Gheir-e ʿAmd) -- 6.1 Car Accident/Diyeh Prisoners -- 6.2 The Setād-e Diyeh (Diyeh Taskforce) -- 6.3 Mehrieh Prisoners -- 7 Narcotic Prisoners -- 8 Conclusion -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- 8 Legal Barriers to Accessing Vital Medical Services and Creative Responses to Overcoming These -- 1 Overview -- 2 Background -- 3 Drug Users, Gays, and Sex Workers before and after the 1979 Revolution -- 3.1 Before the 1979 Revolution -- 3.2 The First Decade after the Revolution -- 3.3 The Second Decade after the Revolution.
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4 The Key Populations in Iran during and after the Khatami Era -- 4.1 The Khatami Presidency -- 4.2 The Treatment Approach to Drug Users -- 4.3 Setting Up the Triangular Clinics: "Dancing with the Restrictions" -- 4.4 A Change of Approach by the Head of the Judiciary -- 4.5 Khāneh-hā ʿEfāf (Chastity Houses) -- 4.6 The Ahmadinejad Presidency -- 4.7 The Rouhani Presidency -- 5 Conclusion and Lessons Learned for Other Issues and in Similar Settings -- Bibliography -- 9 Reform from Within? Hākemiyat-e Qānun from the Reformist Era to 2022 -- 1 Khatami's Reform Politics and the Rule of Law -- 1.1 Advocating for the Rule of Law -- 1.2 Legal Reforms of the Reformist Parliament (2000-2004) -- 2 The Tenure of Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi (1999-2009) -- 2.1 Judicial Organization -- 2.2 Criminal Law and Procedure -- 2.3 Criticism of Shahroudi -- 3 The Judiciary after Shahroudi -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 10 Iran's Religious and Ethnic Minorities in the Eyes of the Judiciary and the Security Apparatus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Different Categories of Religious Minorities -- 2.1 Muslim Religious Minorities -- 2.1.1 Sunni Muslims -- 2.1.1.1 Execution of Sunni Prisoners on National Security Charges -- 2.1.2 Gonabadi Dervishes -- 2.1.2.1 Arrest and Imprisonment of Gonabadi Dervishes in 2018 -- 2.1.3 The 2021 Amendments to the Islamic Penal Code -- 2.2 Non-Muslim Religious Minorities Recognized under the Iranian Constitution -- 2.2.1 Non-Muslim Religious Minorities Not Recognized under the Iranian Constitution -- 2.2.1.1 Bahá'ís -- 2.2.1.2 Christian Converts -- 2.2.1.3 The Yarsan -- 3 Ethnic Minorities -- 3.1 Arabs -- 3.2 Azeri Turks -- 3.3 Baluchis -- 3.4 Kurds -- 3.5 Disproportionate Share of Casualties from Sistan and Baluchistan Province and Kurdish-Majority Areas in 2022 Protests -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 11 Labor Rights in Postrevolutionary Iran.
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1 Introduction -- 2 A Labor Law for the Islamic Republic: An Endeavor Taking Eleven Years -- 3 The New Labor Law and the Challenges of the 1990s under President Rafsanjani -- 4 Khatami's Quest for the Rule of Law and Civil Society: What "Participants" Were Missing -- 5 Unprotected Ergo Invisible: Cornering Workers While Seeking to Reform the Labor Law -- 6 The Workers' House and the Limitations to Independent Workers' Organizations -- 7 The Politics of Labor and Labor Legislation under Ahmadinejad's Populist Administration -- 8 Cheapening Labor, Weakening Workers' Conditions: Risks and Challenges under Rouhani -- 9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- (1) General Literature -- (2) Laws, Regulations, Agreements -- 12 The Effects of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and Subsequent US Withdrawal, on Iranian Law -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Economic and Foreign Investment Climate Prior to and Following the JCPOA -- 2.1 The Foreign Investment Climate Prior to the JCPOA -- 2.1.1 The 2002 Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act -- 2.1.2 Special and Free Trade Zones -- 2.2 New Legal Approaches Following the JCPOA -- 2.2.1 Budget and Development Laws -- 2.2.2 Banking Regulations -- 3 The Effects on Iranian Law of the US Unilateral Withdrawal from the JCPOA -- 3.1 Increased State Intervention in the Economy -- 3.1.1 Import Substitution -- 3.1.2 Setting the Exchange Rate -- 3.1.3 Increasing Tax and Cutting Energy Subsidies -- 3.2 Legal Reactions to Decrease the Effects of Sanctions -- 3.2.1 Alternative Financial Mechanisms -- 3.2.2 Attempt to Ratify the Financial Actions Task Force -- 3.2.3 New Incentives for Foreign Investment -- 3.2.4 Strict Criminal Policy against Economic Crimes -- 4 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- (1) General Literature -- (2) Laws, Regulations, Agreements -- (3) Organizations and News Websites.
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13 Multilayered Mechanisms of Control and Censorship of Arts and Culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 1-108-48142-6
Sprache:
Englisch
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