Format:
Online-Ressource (XIV, 177p. 41 illus., 3 illus. in color, digital)
ISBN:
9781461410492
,
1283441160
,
9781283441162
Series Statement:
SpringerLink
Content:
Humans are exposed to foreign compounds such as drugs, household products and environmental chemicals by swallowing or breathing. Also, food is considered a foreign compound. Such foreign compounds can be non-essential and non-functional to life, and commonly are referred to as xenobiotics. Some xenobiotics are not toxic; however, many of them are potentially toxic or become toxic after conversion to metabolic intermediates. A considerable number of foreign compounds belong to non-polar, lipophilic substances. Lipophilic compounds are not soluble in water. Metabolic conversion of lipophilic fo
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
,
Activation and Detoxification Enzymes; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Overview; 1.1 Defense Against Foreign Compounds; 1.2 Activation Enzymes and Detoxification Enzymes; 1.3 Metabolic Intermediates; 1.4 Genetic Polymorphism and Inducibility of Enzymes; 1.5 Enzyme Modulation for Health Benefits; 1.6 Catalytic Reactions of Metabolic Enzymes; Bibliography; Chapter 2: Lipophilic Foreign Compounds; 2.1 Lipophiles; 2.2 Transport Across Cell Membranes; 2.2.1 Major Transport Mechanisms; 2.2.2 Channels and Transporters; 2.3 Sites of Action; 2.4 Excretion of Foreign Compounds; 2.4.1 Renal Excretion
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2.4.2 Hepatic Excretion2.4.3 Reabsorption in the Kidney; 2.5 Major Metabolic Pathways; 2.5.1 Phase I Metabolism and Phase II Metabolism; 2.5.2 Phase III Metabolism; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Metabolic Conversion of Lipophilic Compounds; 3.1 Phase I Metabolism; 3.2 Phase II Metabolism; 3.2.1 Conjugation Reactions; 3.2.2 Nonconjugation Reactions; 3.3 Toxication Versus Detoxification; 3.3.1 Activation; 3.3.2 Deactivation; 3.3.3 Activation Versus Deactivation; Bibliography; Chapter 4: Phase I Enzymes; 4.1 Activators; 4.2 Oxidative Enzymes; 4.2.1 Cytochrome P450
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4.2.2 Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase4.2.3 Amine Oxidase; 4.2.4 Lipoxygenase; 4.2.5 Alcohol Dehydrogenase; 4.2.6 Aldehyde Oxidase; 4.2.7 Xanthine Oxidase; 4.2.8 Peroxidase; 4.3 Reductive Enzymes; 4.3.1 Nitroreductase; 4.3.2 Azoreductase; 4.4 Hydrolytic Enzymes; 4.4.1 Carboxylesterase; 4.4.2 Epoxide Hydrolase; 4.5 Catalytic Actions; 4.5.1 Oxidative Reactions; 4.5.1.1 Oxidation at Carbon Atom; 4.5.1.2 Oxidation at Nitrogen Atom; 4.5.1.3 Oxidation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon; 4.5.2 Reductive Reactions; 4.5.2.1 Reduction at Nitrogen Atom; 4.5.2.2 Reduction of Carbonyl Group
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4.5.3 Hydrolytic Reactions4.5.3.1 Hydrolysis of Ester; 4.5.3.2 Hydrolysis of Amide; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Phase II Enzymes; 5.1 Excretors; 5.2 Conjugation Enzymes; 5.2.1 Uridine-Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase; 5.2.2 Glutathione S-Transferase; 5.2.3 Sulfotransferase; 5.2.4 N-Acetyltransferase; 5.2.5 Methyltransferase; 5.2.6 Acyltransferase; 5.3 Nonconjugation Enzymes; 5.3.1 Quinone Reductase; 5.3.2 Epoxide Hydrolase; 5.4 Catalytic Actions; 5.4.1 Conjugation at O Atom; 5.4.2 Conjugation at N Atom; 5.4.3 Conjugation at C Atom; 5.4.4 Conjugation at S Atom
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5.4.5 Conjugation of Carboxylic Acid5.4.6 Nonconjugation Reactions; Bibliography; Chapter 6: Reactive Intermediate Formation; 6.1 Reactive Intermediates; 6.2 Reactive Oxygen Species; 6.3 Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactive Intermediate Formation; 6.3.1 Mediation by Phase I Enzymes; 6.3.2 Mediation by Phase II Enzymes; 6.4 Interactions with Cellular Components; 6.4.1 Protein Adducts; 6.4.2 DNA Adducts; 6.4.3 Lipid Peroxidation; 6.4.4 Toxic Effects; 6.5 Defense Against Reactive Intermediates; 6.5.1 Conjugation Reactions; 6.5.2 Glutathione; 6.5.3 Antioxidant Enzymes
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6.6 Factors Affecting Xenobiotic Toxicity
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9781461410485
Additional Edition:
Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 9781461410485
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-1049-2
URL:
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