Format:
1 online resource (355 pages)
Edition:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
9780805847277
,
9781410611284
Note:
Cover -- RESEARCH METHODS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Author -- I Overview -- 1 Introduction -- RESEARCH ACTIVITIES -- A POINT OF VIEW -- OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- 2 A Model of Empirical Research -- RESEARCH VARIABLES -- Conceptual and Operational Variables -- Dependent and Independent Variables -- THE MODEL -- Conceptual Relationships -- Operational Relationships -- Empirical Relationships -- Causal Relationships at an Empirical Level -- Conceptual to Operational Relationships -- GENERALIZING FROM THE MODEL -- Statistical Generalization -- External Generalization -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Things to Know -- Issues to Discuss -- II Measurement: Understanding Construct Validity -- 3 Measurement Foundations: Validity and Validation -- CONSTRUCT DEFINITIONS -- Construct Domain -- Nomological Networks -- CONSTRUCT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION -- CONSTRUCT VALIDITY CHALLENGES -- Random Errors -- Systematic Errors -- Scores Are Critical -- CONSTRUCT VALIDATION -- Content Validity -- Reliability -- Types of Reliability -- Reliability and Construct Validity -- Convergent Validity -- Discriminant Validity -- Criterion-Related Validity -- Investigating Nomological Networks -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Things to Know -- 4 Measurement Applications: Research Questionnaires -- QUESTIONNAIRE DECISIONS -- Alternatives to Questionnaire Construction -- Secondary Data -- Questionnaires Developed by Others -- Questionnaire Type -- Self-Reports Versus Observations -- Interviews Versus Written Questionnaires -- QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION -- Content Domain -- Items -- Item Wording -- Item Sequence -- Scaling -- QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSE STYLES -- Self-Reports -- Observations -- Implications for Questionnaire Construction and Use -- PILOT TESTING
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EVALUATE NONRESPONSE
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Identify Probable Region of the Sampling Distribution -- Infer That the Population Parameter Falls Within the Probable Region -- Confidence Interval Example -- CONFIDENCE INTERVALS VERSUS HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND POWER -- INTERNAL STATISTICAL VALIDITY -- Randomization Tests -- Concluding Cautions -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Formulae to Use -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- APPENDIX 13A: FORMULAE FOR STATISTICAL INFERENCE -- Sampling Distributions -- Statistical Inference Tests -- Simple Correlation Coefficient -- Simple Regression Coefficient -- Multiple Coefficient of Determination -- Partial Beta Coefficients -- Incremental R2 -- Part V Suggested Readings -- VI Generalization: Addressing External Validity -- 14 External Validity -- EXTERNAL GENERALIZATION CHALLENGES -- GENERALIZING FROM SINGLE STUDIES -- REPLICATION -- Replication Roles -- Narrative Reviews of Replications -- META-ANALYSIS -- Example -- Illustrative Data -- Meta-Analysis Interpretations -- External Statistical Inference -- Internal Statistical Inference -- Evaluation -- Contributions of Meta-Analysis -- Meta-Analysis Reservations -- Closing Observations -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- PART VI SUGGESTED READINGS -- VII Research Reports -- 15 Research Report Writing -- RESEARCH REPORT FORMAT -- Introduction -- Methods -- Cases -- Measures -- Procedure -- Analyses -- Results -- Discussion -- ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH REPORT FORMATS -- ADDITIONAL SUGGESTIONS -- Begin by Organizing -- Rewrite, Then Rewrite -- Draft a Critic -- Take a Scout's Oath -- SUMMARY -- APPENDIX 15A: ON TABLE CONSTRUCTION1 -- When to Use Tables -- Table Characteristics -- Integrate Tables and Text -- An Example -- Descriptive Results -- Substantive Results -- VIII Extensions -- 16 On Incomplete Data -- AVOID INCOMPLETE DATA
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Internal Validity May Not Be a Concern -- Causation May Not Be a Concern -- Design Constraints -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- PART III SUGGESTED READINGS -- IV Analysis: Investigating Empirical Relationships -- 8 Data Analysis Foundations -- DATA ANALYSIS AND STATISTICS -- Statistical Information -- Statistical Purposes -- PROPERTIES OF SCORES -- Levels of Measurement -- Discrete and Continuous Variables -- CONVENTIONS -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Questions for Review -- APPENDIX 8A: ON CLEAN DATA -- Errors Made on Measuring Instruments -- Data File Errors -- Missing Values -- Evaluating Secondary Data Sets -- 9 Analysis Applications: Describing Scores on a Single Variable -- A DATA MATRIX -- TABLES AND GRAPHS -- Tables -- Graphs -- STATISTICAL REPRESENTATION OF SCORES -- Central Tendency -- Variability -- Shape -- Skew -- Kurtosis -- RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATISTICS -- Skew and Central Tendency -- Skew and Variability -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Formulae to Use -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- 10 Analysis Applications: Simple Correlation and Regression -- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION -- SIMPLE CORRELATION -- Correlation Formulae -- Covariance -- Standard Scores -- Variance Explained -- SIMPLE REGRESSION -- Regression Model -- Regression Formulae -- NOMINAL INDEPENDENT VARIABLES -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Formulae to Use -- Questions for Review -- Issue to Discuss -- 11 Analysis Applications: Multiple Correlation and Regression -- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION -- MULTIPLE CORRELATION -- Multiple Coefficient of Determination -- Examples of the Multiple Coefficient of Determination -- MULTIPLE REGRESSION -- Intercept and Partial Regression Coefficients -- Partial Beta Coefficients -- Examples of Multiple Regression
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MORE THAN TWO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES -- NOMINAL INDEPENDENT VARIABLES -- One Nominal Variable With More Than Two Values -- Other Independent Variables -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Formulae to Use(Text) -- Formulae to Use (Appendix A) -- Questions for Review -- APPENDIX 11A: CONTRIBUTIONS OF SINGLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES IN MULTIPLE CORRELATION -- Squared Semipartial Correlation Coefficient -- Squared Partial Correlation Coefficient -- Examples -- APPENDIX 11B: ANOTHER WAY TO THINK ABOUT PARTIAL COEFFICIENTS -- PART IV SUGGESTED READINGS -- V Statistical Validation -- 12 Statistical Inference Foundations -- PROBABILITY -- Random Variables -- Independent Random Variables -- PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS -- Discrete Probability Distributions -- Continuous Probability Distributions -- SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS -- Statistics and Parameters -- Sampling Distribution of the Mean -- Other Sampling Distributions -- Students' t Distributions -- F Distributions -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Formulae to Use -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- 13 Statistical Inference Applications -- STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING -- Hypothesis Testing Logic and Procedures -- Specify Statistical Hypotheses and Significance Levels -- Draw a Probability Sample -- Estimate the Sampling Distribution If the Null Hypothesis Is True -- Identify Critical Region(s) of the Null Sampling Distribution -- Use Sample Statistic to Decide If the Null Sampling Distribution Is False -- Hypothesis Testing Example -- Hypothesis Testing Outcomes -- Statistical Power -- Statistical Power Conventions -- Other Power Determinants -- CONFIDENCE INTERVALS -- Confidence Interval Logic and Procedures -- Set Confidence Level -- Draw a Probability Sample and Calculate Sample Statistic -- Estimate Sampling Distribution Assuming the Statistic Represents the Parameter
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SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Things to Know -- PART II SUGGESTED READINGS -- III Design: Addressing Internal Validity -- 5 Research Design Foundations -- CAUSAL CHALLENGES -- Causal Direction -- Specification: Uncontrolled Variables and the Danger of Bias -- Bias -- Spurious Relationships -- Suppressor Variables -- Noise -- Mediators -- Moderators -- USING DESIGN TO ADDRESS CAUSAL CHALLENGES -- Sampling: Selecting Cases to Study -- Restriction of Range -- Comparison Groups -- Measurement Decisions -- Control Over Independent Variables -- Measurement and Statistical Control -- Administering Measures to Cases -- Matching -- Random Assignment -- DESIGN TYPES -- Experiments -- Quasi-Experiments -- Field Studies and Surveys -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- 6 Design Applications: Experiments and Quasi-Experiments -- BASIC DESIGNS -- Design A1: Cross-Sectional Between-Cases Design -- Design B1: Longitudinal Within-Cases Design -- THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY -- Threats from the Research Environment -- Demands on Participants -- Researcher Expectations -- Threats in Between-Cases Designs -- Threats in Longitudinal Designs -- ADDITIONAL DESIGNS -- Design C1: Longitudinal Between-Cases -- Design D: Cross-Sectional Factorial Design -- Design E: Cross-Sectional Design with Covariate -- Design Extensions -- SUMMARY -- FOR REVIEW -- Terms to Know -- Questions for Review -- Issues to Discuss -- 7 Design Applications: Field Studies and Surveys -- BASIC DESIGNS -- Design A2: Between-Cases Design -- Design B2: Within-Cases Time Series -- Design C2: Longitudinal Between-Cases Panel Studies -- Design Extensions -- THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY -- Concerns About Causal Direction -- Biases Introduced by a Single Source and Similar Method -- PRAISE FOR SURVEYS AND FIELD STUDIES
Additional Edition:
Print version Schwab, Donald P. Research Methods for Organizational Studies Oxford : Taylor & Francis Group,c2004 ISBN 9780805847277
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
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