Umfang:
Online-Ressource
,
v.: digital
Ausgabe:
Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Biomedical and Life Sciences Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
ISBN:
9781441916013
Serie:
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 666
Inhalt:
" Pathogen-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules is a book title that may require some explanation. Pathogens that are present today have evolved following a long association with man and have developed unique strategies that have been optimized by natural selection to subvert the host immunity. As we approach the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth, it is appropriate to appreciate that Darwin recognized that pathogens (infections) play a significant and potent role in natural selection, encompassed by the concept ""infection begets natural selection"". This book therefore examines the molecules that pathogens produce, which can modulate or usurp the functions of the immune system. The idea of using molecules from pathogens as a therapeutic is an ancient concept in medicine. Such a strategy is exemplified by vaccination, with pathogen molecules employed to induce protective immunity against the given or related species of pathogen. The following chapters explore the concept of using pathogen-derived immune modulating molecules as a therapy. In doing so, they may provide the drug cabinet of the future for treating a spectrum of unrelated disease. Herein, a range of immune modulating molecules or strategies from various pathogens is examined in one volume. The intention of the book was to have chapters addressing immunomodulating molecules from different pathogens. The range of pathogens considered includes bacteria (chapters by Williams, van Strijp and Rooijakkers), viruses (chapters by Bowie, McFadden), protozoan parasites (Aliberti), helminths (Harnett, Fallon), fungi (Sorrell) and parasitic ticks (Anguita). Chapters also address specific immunomodulatory molecules or strategies. The diversity of aspects addressed in the book is highlighted by Lucas and colleagues review of the 'saga' of viral serine proteinase inhibitors, with a focus on Serp-1, the first new generation of pathogen immunomodulatory molecule currently in clinical trials. While Elliott and Weinstock have contributed a provocative chapter exploring the use of live parasitic helminth infections as a therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated diseases, indeed trials have already been completed for such an approach. With respect to pathogens usurping an immune pathway, Alcami and colleagues here reviewed the growing number of pathogens that have evolved a range of molecules that can modify many aspects of the chemokine system. This book is timely due to the need to expand the horizons of conventional drug discovery. A trend in the biopharmaceutical pipeline of fewer drugs to market is illustrated by USA FDA in 2007 approving the lowest number of new molecular entities since 1983. As the drug discovery and development industry broadens its search for new drugs to less traditional strategies, this book will be a reference to the potential for exploiting pathogen as a source of the anti-inflammatory drugs of the future. Finally, this book whets the appetite for the reader, whether in academia or industry, to explore opportunities for exploiting pathogens for the discovery of new processes in immunobiology and, ultimately, for development of new therapies for human inflammatory diseases. "
Anmerkung:
Includes bibliographical references and index
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Title Page; Copyright Page; PREFACE; ABOUT THE EDITOR...; PARTICIPANTS; Table of Contents; CHAPTER 1 Bacterial Toxins as Immunomodulators; Introduction; Toxins Secreted byBacillus Anthracis; H. pylori Vacuolating Cytotoxin; Toxins Produced byB. pertussis; Listeria monocytogenes Listeriolysin 0; The Cholera-Like Enterotoxins; Concluding Remarks; References; CHAPTER 2 Innate Immune Evasionby Staphylococci; Introduction; Host Defense and the Battle against S. aureus and Its Products; Complement; Phagocytes; Chemotaxis; Phagocytosis and Killing; Innate Immune Evasion; Complement Evasion
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Rolling, Adhesion and Transmigration InhibitionEvading Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Activation; Evading Phagocytosis and Killing; Staphylococcal Innate Immune Evasion; References; CHAPTER 3 Bacterial Complement Escape; Introduction; Gram-Positive Pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococci; Gram-Negative Pathogens; Complement Regulation by Smooth Lipopolysaccharide and Capsule; Phase Variation and Lipooligosaccharide Sialylation; Proteolytic Cleavage of Complement Components; Binding of Complement Inhibitory Molecules to the Bacterial Surface
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Prevention of C9 Polymerization and Membrane Attack Complex InsertionBlocking Antibodies; Spirochetes; Borreliae; Treponema; Discussion; References; CHAPTER 4 Modulation of Innate ImmuneSignalling Pathways by Viral Proteins; Introduction; PKR; Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs); Recognition of Viral Nucleic Acid by TLR 3, 7,8 and 9 ; TLR Responses to Viral Proteins; TLR Signalling Pathways Activated by Viruses; Viral Evasion of TLR Signalling Pathways; Viral Subversion of TLR Signalling: More Than Just Inhibition; RIG-I-Like Helicases (RLHs); Recognition of Viral RNA by RLHs
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Signalling Pathways Activated by RLHsViral Inhibition Proximal to Transcription Factors; Conclusions; References; CHAPTER 5 Viral TNF Inhibitors as PotentialTherapeutics; Introduction; TNFand TNF-Mediated Signaling; PLAD Domain of TNFRs; TNF-Mediated Diseases; Current Anti-TNF Therapies in Humans; Safety Issues with Current Anti-TNF Therapies; Viral TNF Inhibitors as Alternative Therapeutics; Viral TNFR Homologues; CrmE; CrmB and CrmD; Viral PLAD Like Domain; Viral TNF-Binding Proteins Unrelated to Host TNFRs; Viral Proteins That Modulate TNF Receptors and Regulate Downstream Signaling
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Cell Signaling Inhibitors from Viruses That Inhibit Activation of NF-KBConclusions; References; CHAPTER 6 Lipoxins as an Immune-EscapeMechanism; Introduction; Lipoxins; Lipoxins and Toxoplasma Infection; Experimental Model of Infection with T.gondii and Modulation of Immune Response; Intracellular Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory Actions of LXs:SOCS Proteins; LX-Induced SOCS2 Mediated TRAF2 and TRAF6 Proteosomal Degradation: A Major Pathway for the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of LXA4 and ATL; Concluding Remarks; References
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CHAPTER 7 Immunomodulatory Activityand Therapeutic Potential of the FilarialNematode Secreted Product, ES-62
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Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9781441916006
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4419-1601-3
URL:
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