UID:
almafu_9959232506202883
Format:
1 online resource (212 p.)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
1-299-33331-1
,
1-61499-107-3
Series Statement:
Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications Grounding geographic information in perceptual operations
Content:
Geographic information reflects ontological world views, just like any linguistic utterance. However, in comparison with spoken language, all kinds of digital information is affected by the problem of reference to an even larger extent, because of the loss of the context of speech. How can the phenomena underlying digital information be referred to in an inter-subjective way? The problem is not that machines cannot communicate, but that humans frequently misunderstand each other when communicating via machines. This book puts forward a proposal about how semantic reference can be reproduced based on the operations necessary to generate a dataset. These include cognitive constructions as well as perceptual operations, i.e., operations of the human attentional apparatus. Perceptual operations allow one to share information by focusing human attention on 'Gestalts' in the perceived space around the body. Gestalt mechanisms allow observers to make predications, i.e., to relate foci of attention. The author proposes a kind of 'practical constructivism' guided by a formal language. The idea is to describe data 'bottom-up' in order to reconstruct the observation and abstraction process, instead of presuming abstract ontological concepts. This approach is demonstrated by reconstructing the concept of a road network, which underlies an important kind of geographic data.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record.
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Title Page; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1. Introduction; Semantic heterogeneity and semantic strategies; The problem of grounding semantic descriptions of data; Scope of the thesis; Part I. The observational roots of data; Chapter 2. The necessity for grounding data; Data queries need to relate human interpretations; The indeterminacy of language interpretation; The argument of indeterminacy of empirical theories; The argument of indeterminacy of natural language use; The argument of unintended semantic domains; The argument of indistinguishability of reference
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Grounding data as a way of coordinating its semantic interpretationChapter 3. An operational view on perception, language reference and predication; Inter-subjectivity of symbol interpretation; How conscious experience is based on Gestalt mechanisms; How language and thought adheres to perception; Language reference and contemporary semantics; An operational view on meaning and reference; Cognitive apparatus for learning referencing and predication; Cognitive operations for referencing and predication; Part II. Sources and methods for data grounding
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Chapter 4. Constructive sources for data groundingThe construction of language referents; The arbitrariness of ontological abstractions; Abstraction means to reflect on represented actions; Observation languages and quantification as constructive tools; Ways of constructing domains of reference with logic; Reifications expressed in grounded FOL; Extensional reifications; Non-extensional reifications; Reflective abstraction using logical reification; Chapter 5. Perceptual sources for data grounding; Sources for perceptual predications; Attentional moments; Perceiving the meaningful environment
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Identifying visual surfacesIdentifying point-like and other features; Identifying locations and geometric properties; Identifying actions, intentions and processes; Identifying affordances by simulations; Identifying colors, shapes, objects and matter; Overview of proposed observation predicates; A grounding method, its metalogical properties and application scope; Part III. Grounding geodata in the meaningful environment; Chapter 6. Constructing the meaningful environment; Constructing a geometry in the meaningful environment; Measuring angles and lengths in the meaningful environment
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The individuation of meaningful thingsTopology of the meaningful environment; Media, substances and bodies as wholes under simple affordance; Meaningful properties: waterdepth; Meaningful media: roads and places; The meaningful environment revisited; Chapter 7. A grounded theory of road networks; Channels and what they afford; Affordance-based interpretation of road networks; Road network data models; Channel networks and channel digraphs; Affordance-based definition of a junction; Channel network features as induced subgraphs; Affordance based definition of n-way junctions
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Application to data
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English
Additional Edition:
ISBN 1-61499-106-5
Language:
English
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