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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bingley, U.K. :Emerald,
    UID:
    almahu_9949069210702882
    Format: 1 online resource (xiii, 445 p.)
    ISBN: 9781786352255 (electronic bk.)
    Series Statement: Transport and sustainability, v. 8
    Content: The 1970's and 1980's witnessed both substantial conceptual and practical interest in paratransit across Europe and North America, as well as widespread implementation of paratransit services and strategies. Subsequently, the trajectory of paratransit (also often referred to as flexible transport systems) has waned, to the point where it is frequently relegated to a very narrow niche (often related to special needs) in the spectrum of collective transport services. More recently, technological advances have made feasible new and / or improved approaches for organizing and delivering local passenger transportation. With practice, policy and research in paratransit now being impacted by these developments, a new set of possibilities is emerging. Some practitioners have forged ahead over the past decade and implemented services and organizational models that show the way forward for what is possible, sometimes without the benefit of the most advanced available technologies. This book draws on a selection of papers presented at the International Paratransit Conference in Monterey in October 2014 to capture these exciting developments.
    Note: Includes index. , Introduction / Corinne Mulley, John Nelson -- Paratransit: the need for a regulatory revolution in the light of institutional inertia / Marcus Enoch, Stephen Potter -- The paratransit brokerage model: removing barriers and containing costs / Alaina Macia〈U+0301〉 -- Development and status for large-scale demand responsive transport / Yngve Westerlund -- German experiences with volunteer-based paratransit and public transport / Martin Schiefelbusch -- A visualisation tool for planning passenger transport services in rural and low-demand settings / C. David Emele, Steve Wright, Richard Mounce, Cheng Zeng, John Nelson -- Paratransit cost-allocation model adjustments to promote agency ridesharing and vehicle timesharing / Steve Yaffe -- Decision making in flexible transport: the importance and application of the "golden rule〈U+201d〉 / Corinne Mulley, Geoffrey Clifton -- International perspectives on paratransit policies and approaches to deliver accessible transportation / Eliane Wilson -- From the concept of flexible mobility services to the "shared mobility services agency〈U+201d〉 / Giorgio Ambrosino, John Nelson, Marco Boero, Dora Ramazzotti -- Paratransit in Sub-Saharan African cities: improving and integrating informal services / Eric Bruun, Roger Behrens -- UK DRT: from niche market to total transport? / Barry Connor -- Community transport in Australia / David Denmark, Nick Stevens -- Demand responsive transport and citizen experiences: insights from rural Norway / Merethe Leiren, Kaare Skollerud -- The roles of 'conventional' and demand-responsive bus services / Peter White -- Technology changing market feasibility / Roger Teal -- An innovative concept for paratransit: flexible mobility on demand / Bilge Atasoy, Takuro Ikeda, Moshe Ben-Akiva -- Transportation network companies and paratransit: issues and opportunities / David Koffman -- The future of paratransit and DRT: introducing cars on demand / Jennifer Kent, Robyn Dowling.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781786352262
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_1922719706
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose The impetus was to assess pluses and minuses of a national mandate with specific paratransit guidelines per “the” 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) model. Two European countries were chosen to explore other ways to serve persons with disabilities, not driven by ADA. Design/methodology/approach This research compared mandates in each area (via a tri-lingual survey) both as related to ADA’s most common practices and the European model of “Persons with Reduced Mobility” (PMRs). After data collection, analysis compared and contrasted ADA and PMR schemes. Findings Even in California, differences were found among survey sites; for instance, the organization type and mix of services varied greatly, despite a national framework. In Europe, there were more similar approaches among regions where, without a national framework, there was flexible, regional decision-making. In Europe, the national focus is on more regular transit accessibility, maximizing transit use rather than special services. Research limitations/implications Five recommendations resulted and apply most directly to California and equally for agencies with or without ADA. The strengths of the PMR approach are transferable to California and the trend among a few California partners to go beyond ADA, while only a local option, reinforces the strength of the PMR solution. Originality/value How to improve service and financial performance and enlarge the private sector role are put forward. Existing methods, whether Federal or California-driven, need revisiting to achieve true benefits of coordination.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 167-201, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:167-201
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1922719757
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose To offer knowledge about the global development of large-scale demand responsive transport systems (DRT), and to stimulate dialogue and collaboration for further innovation and improvement of these systems. Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature shows how DRT has evolved from the first applications in the 1970s to very complex operations in the last two decades with hundreds of vehicles and thousands of passengers every day. Data collection from available sources on the Internet and personal communications during international projects, conferences, and networking are used to quantify the development and status for large-scale DRT. Findings In the last decade, DRT is moving slowly ahead with real progress in some countries. The “Danish Model” is a good example of how to organize DRT for the best possible coordination of different mobility services, both “open” to the general market and for the special needs market. Such integration is also observed in a few places in the United States, and some European countries. For a real progress there is a great need and potential for international collaboration, as has been the case for most other sectors. Originality/value This is the first known attempt to collect information and compile a list of the 30 largest DRT systems in the world. This is used to analyze trends and provide insight into new directions for large-scale DRT systems. Suggestions for collaboration in various aspects of DRT should be valuable to organizations and policy makers with interest and power to further DRT innovations and operations.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 53-74, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:53-74
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1922719617
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose To explore how the rise of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) may affect paratransit. Design/methodology/approach A review of published material and interviews with paratransit managers. Findings TNCs, typified by Uber and Lyft, are having a significant impact on the taxi industry, which is affecting some US paratransit programs for people with disabilities because it limits the ability of those programs to partner with taxis for a portion of their service. However, some programs have avoided these negative impacts by contracting with taxi companies in a way that provides guaranteed work for some number of drivers. Paratransit programs might be able to partner with TNCs much as they do now with taxis. However, a number of significant issues would have to be addressed including the lack of any way to schedule a trip in advance, little or no monitoring or dispatching assistance provided to drivers at the time of service, insurance coverage that does not meet typical public agency requirements for contracts, limited screening of drivers or inspection of vehicles, lack of specialized driver training, lack of any provision to negotiate rates, and lack of wheelchair accessible vehicles. US civil rights legislation applies to TNCs and requires them to serve individuals with disabilities who can use the service; assist with the stowing of mobility devices; not charge higher fares or fees for people with disabilities; and allow service animals. Originality/value The value is to help paratransit programs and policy makers adapt to changes in the market for transportation services brought on by technology.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 377-390, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:377-390
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1922719633
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose To assess how advances in technology are changing the market prospects for paratransit, particularly DRT services. Design/methodology/approach To review recent developments in technology-enabled paratransit service through their impact on the supply curve for local transportation. Findings Some technology-enabled paratransit services, notably one-way car sharing and shared ride services offered by transportation network companies (TNCs), have been successful in generating significant usage within the past 24 months in Europe as well as the United States. At the same time, the introduction of technological advances in a comprehensive technology platform used for general public DRT services in Denver has not resulted in a ridership response of a large magnitude. Similarly, technology-enabled micro-transit services have had difficulty attracting sustainable levels of ridership. This suggests only some packages of technological innovations are able to shift the transportation supply curve. The key appears to be the development of a comprehensive technology platform which makes the new service simple and convenient to engage, use, and pay for; it is also highly advantageous if the service is less costly to the end user than existing alternatives. Research limitations/implications Technology-enabled improvements of paratransit/DRT services are feasible and increasingly available, but the evidence shows that only when the use of technology significantly shifts the supply curve for local transportation that major impacts occur. Originality/value To provide concrete evidence as to the circumstances in which technology can make a significant impact on paratransit’s market prospects, but also identifies some of the limits to technology being able to create such impacts.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 333-356, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:333-356
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1922719668
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose This chapter presents a review of community transport in Australia with the aim of providing material for comparative research in flexible transport. Design/methodology/approach Research on Australian community transport has been brought together to present an analysis of the key features of the industry: history; geography; funding; regulation and the use of volunteers. Findings Each key feature has led to the current strong state/territory basis for service organisation and delivery, despite the federal responsibility for supplying most of the funding and ensuring equity and standards. Varying approaches to regulation and supply have also been driven by remoteness and the prevalence of large pockets of entrenched social disadvantage in some regions. Originality/value The chapter summarises research findings including hitherto unpublished research on an application of flexible transport services outside mainstream public transport operations in Australia.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 263-287, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:263-287
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1922719676
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose This chapter identifies the reasons why widespread and large-scale development of DRT has not emerged in the past 10 years even though previous research and analysis had suggested that conditions existed to facilitate such development. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on personal experience of operating DRT networks, supplemented by an analysis of the operating environment, operational barriers to implementation are identified. Findings Research results into the identified inhibiting factors are presented and supplemented by personal experience and interviews with key individuals. A successful integrated approach that has allowed a large DRT network to develop is described. Practical implications Recent changes in financial and structural conditions affecting the suitability of DRT in the United Kingdom as a solution to unmet travel needs and as a cost-effective alternative to conventional passenger transport are described. It is suggested that these factors have the potential to overcome barriers to further development. However, remaining obstacles in the field of Telematics are identified which may need further attention. Social implications Introduction of large-scale DRT networks will not only be more cost effective but also offset financially driven service reductions and allow unmet travel needs to be met. Originality/value The identification of financial, technical, legal and social obstacles to the widespread implementation of DRT allows barriers to be addressed and removed and the full benefits of DRT to be realised. At a time of financial constraint, this allows more economic and integrated passenger transport solutions to be introduced to benefit both end users and service commissioners.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 245-262, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:245-262
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1922719625
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose We introduce and analyze an innovative transportation system called flexible mobility on demand (FMOD). FMOD provides a menu of optimized travel options in real-time. Practical considerations related to the business model for FMOD are taken into account as a pre-study for the pilot that will be conducted in Japan. Design/methodology/approach A modeling framework of FMOD is developed that integrates scheduling, routing, assortment optimization, and choice modeling methodologies. An assortment optimization model is developed with an objective function to maximize operator profit and consumer surplus. Findings The FMOD system is analyzed through simulation experiments in a Japanese case study. Simulations are presented for Hino city in Tokyo with different numbers of vehicles in the fleet. This analysis provides insights about the fleet size necessary to maintain reasonable levels of operator profit and consumer surplus. Originality/value We consider a business model for FMOD that offers flexibility to the operator in terms of who provides resources. The resources are managed with dedicated and non-dedicated services. The experiment indicates that operators can determine the size of the dedicated fleet based on an objective function that maximizes operator profit and passenger satisfaction.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 357-375, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:357-375
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Show associated volumes
    UID:
    gbv_1922719587
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite ix, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:ix
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_1922719749
    ISBN: 9781786352255
    Content: Purpose The chapter presents experiences of volunteers to organise and operate public transport services in Germany. A brief overview of the practical issues and a discussion of the possibilities and limitations is given. Design/methodology/approach The work is based on the author’s experience as a consultant and researcher in the field. Findings Approximately 250 Bürgerbus presently exist, mainly in rural areas where everyday operations are carried out by a group of volunteers. Service planning is done in partnership with local authorities and transport providers, and benefits from the volunteers’ local knowledge. The services use small vehicles and have a complementary function in the transport system. They primarily cater to local shopping and leisure journeys and, although available to the general public, are predominantly used by pensioners. In recent years, the original concept has evolved and a much greater variety can now be seen. Social implications Beyond providing mobility, the establishment of a Bürgerbus service is an important community achievement and contributes to social cohesion. Variations in the general popularity of volunteering can also be seen in the differing numbers of Bürgerbus schemes in the German regions. Originality/value Civic engagement is an important resource for community life, which can also be used for improving mobility. However, experience shows that the professional public transport industry and transport policy must understand the volunteers’ motivations, provide a suitable framework and support to develop concepts tailored to local needs.
    In: Paratransit, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 77-102, 9781786352255
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:77-102
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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