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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation : anthropological explorations (2016)
    Bingley, U.K. :Emerald,
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    UID:
    almahu_9949069210102882
    Format: 1 online resource (xxi, 342 p.)
    ISBN: 9781786352279 (electronic bk.)
    Series Statement: Research in economic anthropology, v. 36
    Content: This volume consists of three sections connected by the elucidation of differences in perspective between people and polities. The first, concentrating on ecology, serves in part to further explore the theme of climate change. It looks into aquifer usage and ecology in the Midwestern United States, farming and climate shifts in Costa Rica and in Burkina Faso, and goat herding and conservation issues in the Himalayas. The second section focuses on exchange transactions and relations in a variety of situations and settings: among Nigerian immigrant business owners in New York City, along the path of the famous Koh-i-noor Diamond from India to the Tower of London, and between dealers and buyers in illegal narcotics markets in the Eastern, Midwestern, and Pacific Northwestern USA. Finally, papers in the third section share a concern with individual and group adaptations to certain conditions of life. Offered are investigations into relations between stock brokers and professional investors in Malaysia, attempts to foster innovation in Western Japan, women's farming strategies and autonomy in Western Kenya, and alternative healing decisions and practices in Brazil.
    Note: Regulating the Ogallala: paradox and ambiguity in western Kansas / Jane Gibson, Benjamin Gray -- Contested understandings of sustainability and climate issues in southern Costa Rica / Julia Smith -- Climate variability in West Africa: a case study in vulnerability and adaptation on the Northern Central Plateau, Burkina Faso / Colin West, Carla Rancoli, Pascal Yaka -- Contested affluence: cultural politics of pashmina wealth and wildlife conservation in Ladakh / Alka Sabharwal -- Maximizing social proximity in market relations: the networks of Nigerian immigrant business owners in New York City / Leila Rodriguez -- The Hau of the theft: reciprocity, reputation and the Koh-I-Noor diamond / Daniel Bradburd -- The space between community and self-interest: conflict and the experience of exchange in heroin markets / Lee Hoffer -- Suburban drug dealing: a case study in ambivalent economics / David Crawford -- Performing anonymity: investors, brokers, and the malleability of material identity information in financial markets / Aaron Pitluck -- The creation of a local innovation ecosystem in Japan for nurturing global entrepreneurs / Liv Nyland Krause -- Exploring the interactions: plot-level analysis of Maragoli women farmers' crop control and yields in western Kenya / Edwins Laban Moogi Gwako -- The alternative economics of alternative healing: faith-based therapies in Brazil's religious marketplace / Sidney Greenfield.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781786352286
    Language: English
    URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/doi/10.1108/S0190-1281201636
    URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/doi/10.1108/S0190-1281201636
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
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    Contested Understandings of Sustainability and Climate Issues in Southern Costa Rica (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731951
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    Content: Purpose This study examines how small famers in southern Costa Rica think about environmental issues and climate change in agricultural practice and sustainability, assuming local models about these issues must be understood as dynamic representations which are modified in response to both changing conditions and new ideas. Methodology/approach Ethnographic research in Coto Brus, in southern Costa Rica, in the late 1990s and mid-2000s forms the basis of this analysis. Findings Farmers in this area understand environmental issues in terms of local controllable circumstances around environmental issues. This puts them at odds with government agents and outside researchers, who offer solutions based on their perceptions of the situation rather than farmer perceptions. Farmer resistance to proposals which do not solve problems that farmers see as important frustrates government representatives, who perceive these actions to be arbitrary. Research limitations The research is quite limited in time and space, giving only a quick snapshot of a complicated and ongoing problem. Practical implications Different models for understanding problems and a lack of understanding of how other stakeholders perceive the situation has made it harder to improve the sustainability of agriculture in southern Costa Rica. Similar dynamics can be seen elsewhere and suggest that a greater attempt to engage with local models and understandings can improve development and acceptance of innovations and improvements. Originality/value The exploration of conflicts between local and national/scholarly understandings of environmental issues suggests a way forward, engaging with local understandings and concerns to change behavior.
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 33-56, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:33-56
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036002
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
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    Contested Affluence: Cultural Politics of Pashmina Wealth and Wildlife Conservation in Ladakh (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731935
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    Content: Purpose This chapter attempts to critically examine the wildlife conservation discourse that argues for curtailing the livestock grazing inside the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, situated on the India’s international borders with China in southeast Ladakh. The conventional conservation discourse points at the (supposed) greed of the Changpa pastoralists in accumulating an increasing number of pashmina goats as a primary environmental cause of wildlife loss in Changthang; however, there is a critical lack of insight into the political and historical mechanisms that lie within the dynamic interaction between resource access and socio-economic inequalities, critical for understanding Changpa pastoralism today. Methodology/approach and findings Ethnographic inquiry into the Changpa economy before the closure of Ladakh–Tibet border trade in 1962, and afterwards, has highlighted the political and economic transformations in the area, as well as the cultural politics of market integration and increasing inabilities of the mobile Changpa pastoralists to access vital productive resources. Inequalities reflected in the contemporary livestock data, acquired from the pastoralists, underscore the processes of institutional bricolage, non-cooperative labour, exchange/wage herding and capital-dominated market networks, making pastoralism impossible for several of the households. Originality/value The chapter argues against making livestock withdrawal a major aim of conservation sciences. It calls instead for the recognition of state-provisioned commodified pashmina rearing, seen through the prism of changing abilities and shifting institutions, where unequal access to productive resources is a reflection of both historical dispossessions and also economic impoverishments of Changpa today.
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 77-113, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:77-113
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036004
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  • 4
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    Introduction: Anthropological Explorations of Incongruous Perspectives in the Economics of Ecology, Exchange, and Adaptation (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731811
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite xiii-xxi, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:xiii-xxi
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036016
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
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    About the Authors (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731773
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 337-342, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:337-342
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036024
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  • 6
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    The Space between Community and Self-Interest: Conflict and the Experience of Exchange in Heroin Markets (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731900
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    Content: Purpose To expand understandings of conflict, this chapter offers a detailed assessment of how exchange is enacted within local heroin markets. Addressing drug dealing and heroin users’ buying drugs for their peers (i.e., brokering), this research expands how illegal drug markets are commonly understood. A generalized framework is presented that highlights patterns of exchange. Approach Findings come from a 36-month study of a demographically diverse sample of 38 heroin users in Cleveland, OH. Methods involved open-ended, semi-structured interviewing and participant observation, conducted by the author and a team of graduate students. Findings Instead of framing exchange as either an economic or social act, this chapter shows how trade in heroin markets is often both. Here Gudeman’s (2001) dialectic between market and community is embodied in inter-subjectivities of traders, promoting both trust and conflict. In this context, conflict is the result of perpetual ambiguity all market participants can experience. Research implications Applying a blended notion of exchange as both social and economic offers new insight on conflict and expands its orientation beyond narratives of political economy. Here, in addition to the economics that often promote conflict, the social elements of exchange (e.g., reciprocity) are emphasized. Originality Research has understood conflicts in drug market operations through trader characteristics (e.g., poverty, race, class, privilege). This chapter emphasizes opportunities for conflict irrespective of individualized characteristics by outlining structural elements of exchange.
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 167-196, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:167-196
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036007
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
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    Performing Anonymity: Investors, Brokers, and the Malleability of Material Identity Information in Financial Markets (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731889
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    Content: Purpose Although markets are intensely social, stock markets are peculiar in that they are normatively anonymous spaces. Anonymity is a difficult-to-achieve social accomplishment in which material identity information is successfully stripped from participants. The academic literature is conflicted regarding the degree to which equity markets are anonymous and how this influences traders’ behavior. Methodology/approach Based on focused, tape-recorded ethnographic interviews, this chapter investigates the work practices of professional investors and brokers to describe the conditions under which brokers veil or reveal investors’ identities to their competitors, and thereby shed light on how anonymity is socially produced (or eroded) in global stock markets. Findings The social structure of brokered financial markets places brokers in the awkward situation of sitting in an information-poor structural location for so-called “fundamental information” while being paid to share information with professional investors who sit in an information-rich structural location. A resolution to this material and social dilemma is that brokers can erode the market’s anonymity by gifting identity information (“order flow”) – the previous, prospective, or pending trades of their clients’ competitors – thereby providing traders a competitive advantage. They share identity information in three types of performances: transparent relationships, masked relationships, and the transformation of illicit material identity information into licit and sharable “fundamental” information. Each performance partly erodes transaction-level and market-level anonymity while simultaneously partially supporting anonymity. Practical implications Laws and regulations requiring brokers’ confidentiality of their clients’ trades are easily and systematically eluded. Policy makers and regulators may opt to respond by increasing surveillance and mechanization of brokers’ work so as to promote a normatively anonymous market. Alternatively, they may opt to question the value of promoting and policing anonymity in financial markets by revising insider trading regulations. Originality/value Even well-regulated markets are semi-anonymous spaces due to the systematic exposure of investors’ identities to competitors by their shared brokers on a daily basis. This finding provides an additional explanation for how professional investors can imitate one another (“herd”) as well as why subpopulations of investors often trade so similarly to one another.
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite 223-251, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:223-251
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036009
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  • 8
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    Editorial Advisory Board (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731838
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite xi, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:xi
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036014
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
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    Research in Economic Anthropology (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_192273179X
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite ii, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:ii
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036019
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  • 10
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    Copyright Page (2016)
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    UID:
    gbv_1922731846
    ISBN: 9781786352279
    In: The economics of ecology, exchange, and adaptation, Bingley, U.K. : Emerald, 2016, (2016), Seite iv, 9781786352279
    In: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    In: year:2016
    In: pages:iv
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1108/S0190-128120160000036013
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