Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: X, 229 p. 1 illus. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2022.

ISBN: 9783031121760

Content: The advent of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) as a tool for the soil sciences almost 40 years ago has revolutionised the field. Soil is the fragile, thin layer of material that exists above earth's geological substrates upon which so much of life on earth depends. However a major limitation to our understanding of how soils behave and function is due to its complex, opaque structure that hinders our ability to assess its porous architecture without disturbance. X-ray imagery has facilitated the ability to truly observe soil as it exists in three dimensions and across contrasting spatial and temporal scales in the field in an undisturbed fashion. This book gives a comprehensive overview of the "state of the art" in a variety of application areas where this type of imaging is used, including soil water physics and hydrology, agronomic management of soils, and soil-plant-microbe interactions. It provides the necessary details for entry level readers in the crucial areas of sample preparation, scanner optimisation and image processing and analysis. Drawing on experts across the globe, from both academia and industry, the book covers the necessary "dos and don'ts", but also offers insights into the future of both technology and science. The wider application of the book is provided by dedicated chapters on how the data from such imagery can be incorporated into models and how the technology can be interfaced with other relevant technical applications. The book ends with a future outlook from the four editors, each of whom has over 20 years of experience in the application of X-ray CT to soil science.

Note: 40 years of X-ray CT in soil: Historical context -- Practicalities of X-ray CT scanning for the Soil Sciences -- Soil Sampling and Preparation for X-ray Imaging -- Optimising the Scanning Process - Demystifying the dark art of optimising micro tomography scan settings -- X-ray Computed Tomography Image Processing & Segmentation: A Case Study Applying Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Strategies -- Quantification of Soil Porous Architecture -- X-ray Computed Tomography for Studying Solute Transport in Soils -- X-ray Imaging of Mechanical Processes in Soil -- X-ray Imaging of Root- Soil Interactions -- X-ray Computed Topography Imaging & Soil Biology -- Integrating X-ray CT data into models -- Future Perspectives.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031121753

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031121777

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031121784

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12176-0

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12176-0

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (232 pages)

ISBN: 3-031-12176-7

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: 40 Years of X-ray CT in Soil: Historical Context -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Practicalities of X-ray CT Scanning for the Soil Sciences -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Manufacturers of μCT Systems -- 2.3 X-ray Sources -- 2.4 Detectors -- 2.5 Obtaining High-Resolution Images -- 2.6 Image Quality -- 2.7 Sample Manipulator -- 2.8 Configurations -- 2.8.1 Cabinet or Enclosure? -- 2.8.2 CT Scanning Methods -- 2.8.3 Software -- 2.9 Overcoming CT Artefacts -- 2.10 Evaluating a Potential X-Ray CT System -- References -- Chapter 3: Soil Sampling and Preparation for X-ray Imaging -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Main Steps for Successful Sampling -- 3.2.1 What is the Aim of the Sampling -- 3.2.2 Where to Sample -- 3.2.3 Determining Sample Size -- 3.2.4 How to Orientate the Sample -- 3.2.5 Number of Samples -- 3.2.6 When to Sample -- 3.2.7 How to Sample -- 3.2.8 How to Document, Transport, and Store Samples -- 3.3 Representative Elementary Volume -- 3.4 Geospatial Sampling -- 3.5 Sample Preparation -- 3.5.1 Preliminary Laboratory Analysis -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Optimising the Scanning Process: Demystifying the Dark Art of Optimising Microtomography Scan Settings -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Preparing the Sample -- 4.3 Optimising the Image -- 4.3.1 Positioning the Sample in the Scanner -- 4.3.2 X-ray Voltage and Current -- 4.3.3 Detector Settings -- 4.4 Acquisition Modes -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: X-ray Computed Tomography Image Processing & -- Segmentation: A Case Study Applying Machine Learning and Deep Learning... -- 5.1 Image Processing: Cropping and Filtering -- 5.2 Image Segmentation -- 5.2.1 Global Segmentation -- 5.2.2 Local Segmentation -- 5.2.3 Machine Learning-Based Segmentation as a Solution to New X-ray CT Imaging Challenges. , 5.3 An X-ray CT Image Segmentation Protocol Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Strategies: A Case Study -- 5.3.1 X-ray CT Image Acquisition and Preparation for the Machine Learning Pipeline -- 5.3.2 Machine Learning Pipeline -- 5.3.3 Deep Learning Pipeline -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Quantification of Soil Porous Architecture -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Quantification of Pore Structure -- 6.2.1 Metrics Based on Binary Image -- 6.2.2 Metrics Based on Connected Components -- 6.2.3 Metrics Based on Distance -- 6.2.4 Metrics Based on Pore Size -- 6.2.5 Case Study on Tillage-Induced Pore Structure -- 6.3 Scale Issues in Pore Structure Characterization -- 6.4 Correlative Imaging -- 6.4.1 Practical Issues -- 6.4.2 Software Implementations -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: X-ray Computed Tomography for Studying Solute Transport in Soils -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methods to Study Solute and Water Transport in Soils -- 7.3 CT Scanning for Estimating Solute and Water Transport -- 7.4 Limitations of CT Techniques for Estimating Water and Solute Transport through Soil -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: X-ray Imaging of Mechanical Processes in Soil -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 X-ray CT in Relation to Tillage -- 8.2.1 Visualisation and Evaluation of Seedling Growing Conditions Produced by Tillage -- 8.2.2 Macropore Structure and Functioning Affected by Tillage/no-Tillage -- 8.2.3 Using X-Ray CT to Predict Soil Fragmentation from Tillage -- 8.3 Soil Compaction Due to Traffic -- 8.3.1 Identification of the Long-term Effects of Soil Compaction -- 8.3.2 Segmentation and Compaction -- 8.3.3 From Soil Displacement to Stress Transmission -- 8.4 Visualisation of Soil Deformation -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: X-ray Imaging of Root-Soil Interactions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 General Overview and Drawbacks. , 9.3 X-ray Dose -- 9.4 Opportunity In Situ over Time -- 9.5 Root Segmentation -- 9.6 Root System Architecture and Root Traits -- 9.7 Mutual Interaction of Roots and Soil Structure -- 9.8 Compacted Soils -- 9.8.1 Compaction of the Rhizosphere -- 9.8.2 Root-Soil Contact -- 9.9 Interaction with (Micro)Organisms -- 9.10 The Impact of Nutrition on Root Growth -- 9.11 Image-Based Modelling -- 9.11.1 Explicit Models -- 9.11.2 Root System Architecture (RSA) as Input for Models -- 9.12 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging & -- Soil Biology -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Soil Meso-Fauna and X-ray CT -- 10.3 Soil Microorganisms and X-ray CT -- 10.4 Indirect Use of CT to Observe the Outcomes of Microbial Activities -- 10.5 Effect of CT Scanning on Soil Organisms -- 10.6 CT and Soil Organic Matter Visualization -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Integrating X-ray CT Data into Models -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Direct Integration of X-ray CT Data-Derived Soil Phases into Image-Based Models -- 11.2.1 Integration of X-ray CT Data of Pore Space Geometry -- 11.2.2 Integration of X-ray CT Data of Air-Water Distribution -- 11.2.3 Integration of X-ray CT Data of Solid Organic Matter Distribution -- 11.2.4 Integration of X-ray CT Data of Roots -- 11.3 Overview of Image-Based Modelling Works -- 11.3.1 Modelling of Soil Physical Processes -- 11.3.1.1 Saturated Water Conditions -- 11.3.1.2 Unsaturated Water Conditions -- 11.3.2 Modelling of Biological Processes -- 11.3.2.1 Modelling of Microbial Activity -- 11.3.2.2 Modelling of Root Processes -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Future Perspectives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Conclusions -- References.

Additional Edition: Print version: Jon Mooney, Sacha X-Ray Imaging of the Soil Porous Architecture Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 ISBN 9783031121753

Language: English