Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (578 pages)

Ausgabe: First edition.

ISBN: 3-031-50058-X

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Liquid Crystals: General Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types and Classification of Liquid Crystals -- 1.2.1 Based on the Chemical Composition -- 1.2.2 Based on Molecules Geometrical Structure -- 1.2.3 Based on Structure and Symmetry -- 1.3 Polymer Liquid Crystals -- 1.4 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals -- 1.5 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals -- 1.6 The Director -- 1.7 Order Parameters -- 1.8 Polymorphism in Mesogenic Materials -- 1.9 An Early Historical Development of Liquid Crystals Science -- 1.10 The Generic Interaction Potential Models Used to Study the Behavior of Liquid Crystals -- 1.10.1 Lattice Models -- 1.10.2 Hard-Particle Models -- 1.10.3 Soft-Particle Models -- 1.10.4 Atomistic Models -- 1.10.5 Coarse-Grained Model -- 1.11 Definition of Order Parameters for Liquid Crystalline Phases in Terms of Distribution Functions -- 1.11.1 n-Particle Density Distribution Functions -- 1.11.2 Order Parameters -- References -- 2 Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: I. Scalar and Anisotropic Properties -- 2.1 Important Liquid Crystal Material Parameters and Physical Properties -- 2.2 Scalar Physical Properties -- 2.2.1 Phase Transition Parameters -- 2.2.2 Tilt Angle -- 2.3 Anisotropic Physical Parameters and Properties -- 2.3.1 Chirality, Ferroelectricity and Spontaneous Polarization -- 2.3.2 The Pitch of Helical Structure -- 2.3.3 Dielectric Permittivity and Dielectric Anisotropy -- 2.3.4 Optical Anisotropy: The Refractive Index (or Birefringence) -- 2.3.5 Magnetic Anisotropy: The Magnetic Susceptibility -- 2.4 External Electric Field Effects -- 2.4.1 Alignment of LC Molecules -- 2.4.2 Response Time -- 2.4.3 Threshold Voltage and Freedericksz Transition -- 2.4.4 Electromechanical Couplings in Liquid Crystals -- 2.4.5 Electroclinic Effect -- 2.4.6 The Clark-Lagerwall Effect. , 2.5 Dielectric Heating Effect -- References -- 3 Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: II. Transport and Elastic Properties -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Transport Properties of Liquid Crystals -- 3.2.1 Mass Transport Diffusion -- 3.2.2 Thermal Conductivity -- 3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity -- 3.2.4 Viscosity -- 3.3 Curvature Elasticity in Liquid Crystals -- 3.3.1 Elastic Continuum Theory of Calamitic Liquid Crystals -- 3.3.2 Elastic Continuum Expression for the Free-Energy Density of Columnar Phases -- 3.4 Molecular Theory for Elastic Constants of Molecular Ordered Phases: SSR Theory -- References -- 4 Measurement of Liquid Crystal Parameters and Physical Properties -- 4.1 Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Sample Cells -- 4.1.1 Deposition of a Transparent Conducting Coating on Glass Substrates -- 4.1.2 Photolithography and Etching -- 4.1.3 Assembling, Sealing and Filling of the Cell -- 4.2 Surface Treatments for Liquid Crystal Alignment -- 4.2.1 Homogeneous Alignment -- 4.2.2 Homeotropic Alignment -- 4.2.3 Hybrid Alignment -- 4.2.4 Tilted Orientation -- 4.3 Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Materials -- 4.3.1 Identification of Liquid Crystals -- 4.4 Thermal Investigations -- 4.4.1 Phase Transition Temperature -- 4.4.2 Temperature Controller -- 4.5 Measurement of Material Parameters -- 4.5.1 Measurement of Tilt Angle -- 4.5.2 Measurement of Helical Pitch -- 4.5.3 Measurement of Spontaneous Polarization -- 4.5.4 Measurement of Response Time -- 4.5.5 Measurement of Threshold Voltage -- 4.6 Measurement of Properties -- 4.6.1 Elastic Constants of LCs -- 4.6.2 Dielectric Properties -- 4.6.3 Optical Transmittance -- 4.6.4 Optical Anisotropy: The Refractive Index (or Birefringence) -- 4.6.5 Diamagnetic Properties -- 4.6.6 Spectroscopic Properties -- 4.6.7 Transport Properties -- 4.7 Measurement of Order Parameters. , 4.7.1 Measurements of Order Parameters via Resonance Spectroscopy -- 4.7.2 Measurement of Order Parameters by X-ray Scattering Technique -- 4.7.3 Determination of Order Parameters from Optical Birefringence Measurement -- 4.7.4 Estimation of Order Parameter (S) -- 4.7.5 Comparison of Measurement of Order Parameter S from Different Methods -- 4.8 Measurement of Zeta-Potential -- References -- 5 Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.1 Characteristic Features of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.1.1 Uniaxial Nematic (Nu or N) Phase -- 5.1.2 Biaxial Nematic (Nb) Phase -- 5.1.3 Twist-Bend Nematic (NTB) Phase -- 5.2 Synthesis of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.2.1 Core Structures -- 5.2.2 Linking-, Terminal- and Lateral Groups -- 5.3 Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals -- 5.3.1 Classification of Phase Transitions: Thermodynamic Basis -- 5.3.2 Structures of Some Nematic LCs and the Observed Phase Sequences (Temperature in Between Two Phases Are in °C) Shown by Them -- 5.4 Isotropic Liquid-Uniaxial Nematic (IN) Phase Transition -- 5.4.1 Characteristic Features of IN Phase Transition -- 5.5 Essential Ingredients of Theories for the Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition -- 5.5.1 Phenomenological Theory -- 5.5.2 Mean-Field (MF) Theory -- 5.6 Twist-Bend Nematic (NTB) Phase -- 5.7 Elastic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.7.1 Torsional Elasticity -- 5.7.2 Orientational Elasticity -- 5.7.3 A Nematic LC Can Transmit a Torque: Experimental Evidence -- 5.7.4 Theories for the Elasticity of Nematic Liquid Crystal -- 5.8 Dynamical Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.8.1 Dielectric Relaxation in Nematics -- 5.8.2 Fundamental Properties for Describing the Collective Dynamics of Bulk Nematics -- 5.8.3 Dynamical Properties of Nematic Subjected to Shear Flow and Magnetic Field -- References -- 6 Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals. , 6.1 Characteristic Features of Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals -- 6.1.1 Non-tilted (Orthogonal) Achiral Smectic Phases -- 6.1.2 Tilted Achiral Smectic Phases -- 6.2 Synthesis of Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals -- 6.2.1 Template Structure for the Synthesis of Achiral Smectic Mesogens -- 6.3 Subphases of the Smectic A Phase -- 6.4 Description of Uniaxial Nematic-Smectic A(NSA) Phase Transition -- 6.4.1 Phenomenological Description of NSA Transition -- 6.4.2 Mean-Field Description of NSA Transition -- 6.4.3 Density Functional Theory (DFT) for NSA Transition -- 6.5 Description of Isotropic-Smectic A (ISA) Transition -- 6.5.1 Phenomenological Description of ISA Transition -- 6.5.2 Density Functional Theory for the NI and ISA Phase Transitions Near Surfaces -- 6.6 Achiral Smectic C (Sm C) Phase and Related Phase Transitions -- 6.6.1 The Sm A-Sm C Phase Transition -- 6.6.2 The Nematic-Smectic A-Smectic C Multicritical Point -- 6.6.3 Phase Transitions Involving Hexatic Smectic Phases -- References -- 7 Liquid Crystals of Disc-Like Molecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types and Classification of Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystals -- 7.2.1 The Achiral and Chiral Discotic Nematic Phases -- 7.2.2 The Columnar Mesophases -- 7.2.3 The Lamellar Mesophase -- 7.3 Design Concept and Synthesis of Monomeric DSLCs -- 7.3.1 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cores -- 7.3.2 Heteroaromatic Cores -- 7.4 Phase Transitions in Discotic Nematic and Columnar Mesophases -- 7.5 Alignment Techniques for Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystals -- 7.5.1 Alignment by Magnetic Field (or Mechanical Shear) -- 7.5.2 Alignment by Surface Treatment -- 7.5.3 Alignment by Photo-Induced Orientation -- 7.5.4 Uniaxial Alignment of Nanoconfined Columnar Mesophases -- 7.5.5 Controlled Alignment in Microchannels Made Using SU8 Photoresist -- 7.6 Properties of Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystals. , 7.6.1 Properties of Discotic Nematic (ND) Phase -- 7.6.2 Properties of Columnar Mesophases -- References -- 8 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Types of Monomer Units -- 8.3 Types of Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.3.1 Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (MCLCPs) -- 8.3.2 Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (SCLCPs) -- 8.3.3 Main-Chain/Side-Chain Combined Liquid Crystalline Polymers (MCSCCLCPs) -- 8.3.4 Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Polymers (CLLCPs) -- 8.4 Synthetic Routes for Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.4.1 Synthesis of Semiflexible MCLCPs -- 8.4.2 Synthesis of SCLCPs -- 8.4.3 Synthesis of MCSCCLCPs -- 8.5 Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers -- 8.5.1 General Features of LCBCPs -- 8.5.2 Synthesis of LCBCPs -- 8.6 Structure-Properties Relationships -- 8.6.1 Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Flexible Polymers -- 8.6.2 Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.7 Polymer Liquid Crystal Phases -- 8.8 Phase Transitions and Phase Diagrams in LCPs -- 8.8.1 Phase Diagram in a Mixture of s-SCLCPS Nematic LCs -- 8.8.2 Nematic Order in Polymer Solutions -- 8.8.3 Phase Equilibria in Polydisperse Systems -- 8.8.4 Nematic Order in Polymer Melts -- 8.8.5 Nematic Order in Lyotropic Solutions of Semiflexible Polymers -- 8.9 Formation of LC Phases in Calamitic Liquid Crystalline Helical Polymers -- 8.10 Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.10.1 Main-Chain DSLCPs -- 8.10.2 Side-Chain DSLCPs -- 8.11 Preparation of SCLCPs by Combining the ROP and Click Chemistry -- 8.12 Photoactive Liquid Crystalline Polymer -- 8.12.1 Main-Chain Photoactive LCPs -- 8.12.2 Side-Chain Photoactive LCPs -- 8.12.3 Light Activated Shape-Memory and Shape-Changing LCP Networks -- 8.12.4 Surface Dynamics at Photoactive LCP Network -- References -- 9 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals -- 9.1 Introduction: An Overview. , 9.1.1 Some Common Polymers Used in Fabrication of PDLC.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-031-50057-1

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: XIX, 565 p. 332 illus., 103 illus. in color. , online resource.

Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.

ISBN: 9783031500589

Inhalt: This expert and self-contained authored handbook provides comprehensive coverage of liquid crystals from the fundamental materials science, physics, and modeling through cutting-edge applications. Written by an author with over 40 years of active experience in this growing field, it offers an unprecedented self-contained treatment of this key research area. Liquid Crystals are a state of matter sharing properties that are usually associated with both solids and liquids. Their study belongs to wider field of soft condensed matter physics, an area growing in importance because of the new physics being discovered and the possibilities of various technological applications being developed. Liquid crystals continue to have a revolutionary technological impact and consistently pose new challenges of basic understanding. While the experimental side of liquid crystal research is very well developed, theoretical understanding has lagged, and this volume fills a gap in thepublished literature in terms of rigorous treatment of mathematical and computer modeling approaches. Volume I of this handbook deals with the physical foundations and fundamental aspects of liquid crystals, addressing their physical properties, measurement techniques, and various types. Overall, this handbook serves as the ultimate scholarly guide for researchers, scientists, and engineers seeking to unlock the full potential of liquid crystals. It offers a comprehensive understanding of these materials and their diverse applications, empowering readers to navigate the complex intricacies of liquid crystal science and technology.

Anmerkung: Liquid Crystals: General Introduction -- Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: I. Scalar and Anisotropic Properties -- Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: II. Transport and Elastic Properties -- Measurement of Liquid Crystal parameters and Physical Properties -- Nematic Liquid Crystals -- Smectic Liquid Crystals -- Liquid Crystals of Disc-Like Molecules -- Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals -- Bent Core Liquid Crystals.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031500572

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031500596

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031500602

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50058-9

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50058-9

UID:

Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 565 p. 332 illus., 103 illus. in color.)

Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.

ISBN: 9783031500589

Inhalt: Liquid Crystals: General Introduction -- Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: I. Scalar and Anisotropic Properties -- Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: II. Transport and Elastic Properties -- Measurement of Liquid Crystal parameters and Physical Properties -- Nematic Liquid Crystals -- Smectic Liquid Crystals -- Liquid Crystals of Disc-Like Molecules -- Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals -- Bent Core Liquid Crystals.

Inhalt: This expert and self-contained authored handbook provides comprehensive coverage of liquid crystals from the fundamental materials science, physics, and modeling through cutting-edge applications. Written by an author with over 40 years of active experience in this growing field, it offers an unprecedented self-contained treatment of this key research area. Liquid Crystals are a state of matter sharing properties that are usually associated with both solids and liquids. Their study belongs to wider field of soft condensed matter physics, an area growing in importance because of the new physics being discovered and the possibilities of various technological applications being developed. Liquid crystals continue to have a revolutionary technological impact and consistently pose new challenges of basic understanding. While the experimental side of liquid crystal research is very well developed, theoretical understanding has lagged, and this volume fills a gap in the published literature in terms of rigorous treatment of mathematical and computer modeling approaches. Volume I of this handbook deals with the physical foundations and fundamental aspects of liquid crystals, addressing their physical properties, measurement techniques, and various types. Overall, this handbook serves as the ultimate scholarly guide for researchers, scientists, and engineers seeking to unlock the full potential of liquid crystals. It offers a comprehensive understanding of these materials and their diverse applications, empowering readers to navigate the complex intricacies of liquid crystal science and technology.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9783031500572

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9783031500596

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9783031500602

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031500572

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031500596

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031500602

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50058-9

URL: lizenzpflichtig