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Umfang: XXV, 540 p. 114 illus., 11 illus. in color. , online resource.

Ausgabe: 4th ed. 2024.

ISBN: 9783031548536

Inhalt: This revised new edition gives a unique and broad coverage of basic laser-related phenomena that allow graduate students, scientists and engineers to carry out research in quantum optics and laser physics. It covers quantization of the electromagnetic field, quantum theory of coherence, atom-field interaction models, resonance fluorescence, quantum theory of damping, laser theory using both the master equation and the Langevin theory, the correlated emission laser, input-output theory with applications to non-linear optics, quantum trajectories, quantum non-demolition measurements and generation of non-classical vibrational states of ions in a Paul trap. This fourth edition provides a new chapter on weak measurement, as well as a new chapter on complementarity. There is also new material included for atom optics and new problems have been added. Each topic is presented in a unified and didactic manner, and is accompanied by specific problems and hints to solutions to deepen the knowledge.

Anmerkung: Einstein's Theory of Atom-Radiation Interaction -- Atom-Field Interaction: Semiclassical Approach -- States of the Electromagnetic Field I -- States of the Electromagnetic Field II -- Quantum Theory of Coherence -- Phase Space Description -- Atom-Field Interaction -- System-Reservoir Interactions -- Resonance Fluorescence -- Quantum Laser Theory: Master Equation Approach -- Quantum Laser Theory: Langevin Approach -- Quantum Noise Reduction 1 -- Quantum Noise Reduction 2 -- Quantum Phase -- Quantum Trajectories -- Atom Optics -- Measurements, Quantum Limits and All That -- Weak Measurements -- Trapped Ions -- Decoherence -- Quantum Bits, Entanglement and Applications -- Quantum Correlations -- Quantum Cloning and Processing -- Complementarity.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031548529

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031548543

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783031548550

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54853-6

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54853-6

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (540 pages)

Ausgabe: 4th ed.

ISBN: 9783031548536

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Contents -- 1 Einstein's Theory of Atom-Radiation Interaction -- 1.1 The A and B Coefficients -- 1.2 Thermal Equilibrium -- 1.3 Photon Distribution and Fluctuations -- 1.4 Light Beam Incident on Atoms -- 1.5 An Elementary Laser Theory -- 1.5.1 Threshold and Population Inversion -- 1.5.2 Steady State -- 1.5.3 Linear Stability Analysis -- References -- 2 Atom-Field Interaction: Semiclassical Approach -- 2.1 Broad-Band Radiation Spectrum -- 2.2 Rabi Oscillations -- 2.3 Bloch's Equations -- 2.4 Decay to an Unobserved Level -- 2.5 Decay Between Levels -- 2.6 Optical Nutation -- References -- 3 Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field -- 3.1 Fock States -- 3.2 Density of Modes -- 3.3 Commutation Relations -- Reference -- 4 States of the Electromagnetic Field I -- 4.1 Further Properties -- 4.1.1 Coherent States Are Minimum Uncertainty States -- 4.1.2 Coherent States Are Not Orthogonal -- 4.1.3 Coherent States Are Overcomplete -- 4.1.4 The Displacement Operator -- 4.1.5 Photon Statistics -- 4.1.6 Coordinate Representation -- 4.2 Mixed State: Thermal Radiation -- References -- 5 States of the Electromagnetic Field II -- 5.1 Squeezed States: General Properties and Detection -- 5.1.1 The Squeeze Operator and the Squeezed State -- 5.1.2 The Squeezed State Is an Eigenstate of A -- 5.1.3 Calculation of Moments with Squeezed States -- 5.1.4 Quadrature Fluctuations -- 5.1.5 Photon Statistics -- 5.2 Multimode Squeezed States -- 5.3 Detection of Squeezed States -- 5.3.1 Ordinary Homodyne Detection -- 5.3.2 Balanced Homodyne Detection -- 5.3.3 Heterodyne Detection -- References -- 6 Quantum Theory of Coherence -- 6.1 One-Atom Detector -- 6.2 The nn-Atom Detector -- 6.3 General Properties of the Correlation Functions. , 6.4 Young's Interference and First-Order Correlation -- 6.5 Second-Order Correlations: Photon Bunching and Antibunching -- 6.5.1 Classical Second-Order Coherence -- 6.5.2 Quantum Theory of Second-Order Coherence -- 6.5.3 The Handbury Brown-Twiss Effect for Fock States, Thermal and diffused Laser Lightch6scully -- 6.6 Photon Counting -- 6.6.1 Some Simple Examples -- 6.6.2 Quantum Mechanical Photon Count Distribution -- 6.6.3 Particular Examples -- References -- 7 Phase Space Description -- 7.1 upper QQ-Representation: Antinormal Ordering -- 7.1.1 Normalization -- 7.1.2 Average of Antinormally Ordered Products -- 7.1.3 Some Examples -- 7.1.4 The Density Operator in Terms of the Function upper QQ -- 7.2 Characteristic Function -- 7.3 upper PP Representation: Normal Ordering -- 7.3.1 Normalization -- 7.3.2 Averages of Normally Ordered Products -- 7.3.3 Some Interesting Properties -- 7.3.4 Some Examples -- 7.4 The Wigner Distribution: Symmetric Ordering -- 7.4.1 ps: [/EMC pdfmark [/StPop pdfmark =0ps: [/Subtype /P /StPNE pdfmark [/StBMC pdfmark Marginals -- 7.4.2 Product Rule -- 7.4.3 Moments -- References -- 8 Atom-Field Interaction -- 8.1 Atom-Field Hamiltonian and the Dipole Approximation -- 8.2 A Two-Level Atom Interacting with a Single Field Mode -- 8.3 The Dressed State Picture: Quantum Rabi Oscillations -- 8.4 Collapse and Revivals -- References -- 9 System-Reservoir Interactions -- 9.1 Quantum Theory of Damping -- 9.2 General Properties -- 9.3 Expectation Values of Relevant Physical Quantities -- 9.4 Time Evolution of the Density Matrix Elements -- 9.5 The Glauber-Sudarshan Representation, and the Fokker-Planck Equation -- 9.6 Time-Dependent Solution: The Method of the Eigenfunctions -- 9.6.1 General Solution -- 9.7 Langevin's Equations. , 9.7.1 Calculation of the Correlation Function left angle bracket upper F left parenthesis t prime right parenthesis upper F left parenthesis t double prime right parenthesis Superscript dagger Baseline right angle bracket Subscript upper BlangleF(t)F(t)rangleB -- 9.7.2 Differential Equation for the Photon Number -- 9.8 Other Master Equations -- 9.8.1 Two-Level Atom in a Thermal Bath -- 9.8.2 Damped Harmonic Oscillator in a Squeezed Bath -- 9.8.3 Application: Spontaneous Decay in a Squeezed Vaccum -- References -- 10 Resonance Fluorescence -- 10.1 Background -- 10.2 Heisenberg's Equations -- 10.3 Spectral Density, and the Wiener-Khinchine Theorem -- 10.4 Emission Spectra from Strongly Driven Two-Level Atoms -- 10.5 Intensity Correlations -- References -- 11 Quantum Laser Theory: Master Equation Approach -- 11.1 Heuristic Discussion of Injection Statistics -- 11.2 Master Equation for Generalized Pump Satistics -- 11.3 The Quantum Theory of the Laser: Random Injection left parenthesis p equals 0 right parenthesis(p=0) -- 11.3.1 Photon Statistics -- 11.3.2 The Fokker-Planck Equation: Laser Linewidth -- 11.3.3 Alternative Derivation of the Laser Linewidth -- 11.4 Quantum Theory of the Micromaser: Random Injection left parenthesis p equals 0 right parenthesis(p=0) -- 11.4.1 Generalities -- 11.4.2 The Micromaser -- 11.4.3 Trapping States -- 11.5 Quantum Theory of the Laser and the Micromaser … -- References -- 12 Quantum Laser Theory: Langevin Approach -- 12.1 Quantum Langevin Equations -- 12.1.1 The Generalized Einstein's Relations -- 12.1.2 The Atomic Noise Moments -- 12.2 upper CC-Number Langevin Equations -- 12.2.1 Adiabatic Approximation -- 12.3 Phase and Intensity Fluctuations -- 12.4 Discussion -- References -- 13 Quantum Noise Reduction 1 -- 13.1 Correlated Emission Laser Systems -- 13.1.1 The Quantum Beat Laser -- 13.1.2 Other CEL Systems. , References -- 14 Quantum Noise Reduction 2 -- 14.1 Introduction to Non-Linear Optics -- 14.1.1 Multiple-Photon Transitions -- 14.2 Parametric Processes Without Losses -- 14.3 The Input-Output Theory -- 14.4 The Degenerate Parametric Oscillator -- 14.5 Experimental Results -- References -- 15 Quantum Phase -- 15.1 The Dirac Phase -- 15.2 The Louisell Phase -- 15.3 The Susskind-Glogower Phase -- 15.4 The Pegg-Barnett Phase -- 15.4.1 Applications -- 15.5 Phase Fluctuations in a Laser -- References -- 16 Quantum Trajectories -- 16.1 Montecarlo Wavefunction Method -- 16.1.1 The Montecarlo Method is Equivalent, on the Average, to the Master Equation -- 16.2 The Stochastic Schrödinger Equation -- 16.3 Stochastic Schrödinger Equations and Dissipative Systems -- 16.4 Simulation of a Monte Carlo SSE -- 16.5 Simulation of the Homodyne SSDE -- 16.6 Numerical Results and Localization -- 16.6.1 Quantum Jumps Evolution -- 16.6.2 Diffusion-Like Evolution -- 16.6.3 Analytical Proof of Localization -- 16.7 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Atom Optics -- 17.1 Optical Elements -- 17.2 Light Forces -- 17.2.1 Doppler Cooling -- 17.3 Atomic Diffraction from an Optical Standing Wave -- 17.3.1 Theory -- 17.3.2 Particular Cases -- 17.4 Atomic Focusing -- 17.4.1 The Model -- 17.4.2 Initial Conditions and Solution -- 17.4.3 Quantum and Classical Foci -- 17.4.4 Thin Versus Thick Lenses -- 17.4.5 The Quantum Focal Curve -- 17.4.6 Aberrations -- References -- 18 Measurements, Quantum Limits and All That -- 18.1 Quantum Standard Limit -- 18.1.1 Quantum Standard Limit for a Free Particle -- 18.1.2 Standard Quantum Limit for an Oscillator -- 18.1.3 Thermal Effects -- 18.2 Quantum Non-demolition (QND) Measurements -- 18.2.1 The Free System -- 18.2.2 Monitoring a Classical Force -- 18.2.3 Effect of the Measuring Apparatus or Probe. , 18.3 QND Measurement of the Number of Photons in a Cavity -- 18.3.1 The Model -- 18.3.2 The System-Probe Interaction -- 18.3.3 Measuring the Atomic Phase with Ramsey Fields -- 18.3.4 QND Measurement of the Photon Number -- 18.4 Quantum Theory of Continuous Photodetection Process -- 18.4.1 Introduction -- 18.4.2 Continuous Measurement in a Two-Mode System: Phase Narrowing -- 18.5 Generalized Measurements. POVM's -- 18.5.1 Standard Quantum Measurements -- 18.5.2 Positive Operator Valued Measures. POVM -- References -- 19 Weak Measurements -- 19.1 Weak Value Amplification -- 19.2 Weak Measurement Model -- 19.3 Post Selection and the Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz (ABL) Rule ch19ah1 -- 19.4 Jozsa's Theorem -- 19.5 Examples -- 19.5.1 Example 1-ch19Tamir -- 19.5.2 Example 2 -- 19.6 Experiment on the Weak-to-Strong Transition -- 19.7 The Leggett Garg Inequality -- 19.8 The Quantum Box Problem ch19sergio -- 19.9 Discussion -- References -- 20 Trapped Ions -- 20.1 Paul Trap ch20ch19:CohenT -- 20.1.1 General Properties -- 20.1.2 Stability Analysis -- 20.2 Trapped Ions -- 20.2.1 Introduction -- 20.2.2 The Model and Effective Hamiltonian -- 20.2.3 The Lamb-Dicke Expansion and Raman Cooling -- 20.2.4 The Dynamical Evolution -- 20.2.5 QND Measurements of Vibrational States -- 20.2.6 Generation of Non-classical Vibrational States -- References -- 21 Decoherence -- 21.1 Dynamics of the Correlations -- 21.2 How Long Does It Take to Decohere? -- 21.3 Decoherence Free Subspaces -- 21.3.1 Simple Example: Collective Dephasing ch21palma -- 21.3.2 General Treatment ch21lidar1 -- 21.3.3 Condition for DFS: Hamiltonian Approach -- 21.3.4 Condition for DFS: Lindblad Approach -- 21.3.5 Example: upper NN Spins in Boson Bath ch21lidar1 -- 21.4 Quantum Maps -- 21.4.1 Examples ch21Preskill -- References -- 22 Quantum Bits, Entanglement and Applications -- 22.1 Qubits and Quantum Gates. , 22.2 Entanglement.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9783031548529

Sprache: Englisch