UID:
edocfu_9961493296802883
Format:
1 online resource (280 pages)
Edition:
First edition.
ISBN:
3-031-55836-7
Note:
Intro -- Contents -- Unraveling the Complex Relationships Between Aerosol Optical Depth and Temperature: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) -- 3.1.1 Measurement and Estimation of AOD -- 3.1.2 Factors That Influence AOD Variability -- 3.2 Temperature -- 3.3 Relationship Between AOD and Temperature -- 3.4 Aerosol-Induced Temperature Changes -- 3.5 Implications for Climate Change -- 3.6 Role of Aerosols on Human Health -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Impact Assessments of Aerosol Optical Depth and Lightning on Thunderstorm Over the Region of Uttarakhand, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Site Description -- 2.2 Data and Methodology -- 2.3 Principal Component Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Daily Variation of Flash Count and Parameters -- 3.2 Monthly Variation -- 3.3 Seasonal Variation -- 3.4 Spatial Variation of Lightning Activities Over Uttarakhand -- 3.5 Principal Component Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Aerosol Variability and Its Impact on Cloud-Precipitation Interaction in Urban Areas of Maharashtra, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 AOD, Precipitation, and Cloud Properties-Data Used -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Aerosol Mode -- 4.2 Correlation of AOD and PRCP with Cloud Properties -- 4.2.1 Cloud Fraction -- 4.2.2 CTT -- 4.2.3 COT -- 4.2.4 CER -- 4.2.5 PRCP -- 4.3 Random Forest Algorithm -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Comparative Health Risk Assessment of Black Carbon and Particulate Matter Emissions in East India During the COVID-19 First and Second Waves -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Collection and Methodology -- 2.1 Description of Study Site -- 2.2 Measurement of BC Mass Concentration -- 2.3 PM2.5 Measurements Method -- 2.4 Backward Trajectory and Fire-Count Study -- 2.5 Meteorological Parameters.
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2.6 Health Risk Assessment -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Temporal Variation of Black Carbon Concentrations -- 3.2 Temporal Variation of PM2.5 Concentrations -- 3.3 Backward Trajectory and Fire-Count Analysis -- 3.4 Health Risk Due to Exposure to BC in the Study Region -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Source and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Ambient Air and Its Human Health Implications -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 History of PCB Use -- 1.2 Stockholm Convention on PCBs -- 2 Sources and Distribution of PCBs -- 2.1 Industrial Sources of PCBs -- 2.2 Household Sources of PCBs -- 2.3 Current Status of PCBs Usage -- 3 Impact of PCBs on Various Ecosystems -- 3.1 Soil, Sediments, and Water -- 3.2 Fishes, Birds, and Wildlife -- 4 Risk Assessment of PCBs in Ambient Air -- 4.1 Studies Across the World -- 4.2 Estimation of PCBs in Ambient Air -- 4.3 Risk Evaluation of PCBs -- 5 Human Health Implications -- 5.1 Neurotoxicity -- 5.2 Immune Suppression -- 5.3 Endocrine Disturbance -- 5.4 Reproductive Dysfunctions -- 5.5 Hepatotoxic and Carcinogenic Effect -- 5.6 Other Dysfunctions -- 5.7 Genotoxic Effect and Oxidative Stress -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Air Pollution in the Southern Part of Iraq and Its Health Risks -- 1 Preface -- 2 The Study Area -- 3 Sources of Air Pollution -- 3.1 Industrial Emissions -- 3.2 Dust Pollutants -- 4 Types of Air Pollutants -- 4.1 Gaseous Pollutants -- 4.2 Heavy Metals Pollutants -- 4.3 Total Suspended Particles -- 4.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) -- 5 Air Quality Index (AQI) -- 6 Health Hazards -- 6.1 Gaseous Pollutants -- 6.2 Particulate Matter -- 6.3 Hydrocarbons -- 6.4 Heavy Metals -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Optical Characteristics and Radiative Effects of Anthropogenic and Natural Aerosols Over an Urban Area -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Worldwide Distribution of Aerosols.
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3 Rainfall in Rural Areas and the Effect of Aerosol Optical Depth -- 4 Aerosol's Impact on Solar Radiation -- 5 Effect of Aerosol on Climate Change -- 6 Controlling the Distribution of Aerosol Particles in Troposphere -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Innovative Air-Purifying Mask: A Novel Solution for Combating Toxic Gases in the Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of Rising Environmental Threats from Toxic Gases -- 1.2 Importance of Air Quality and Respiratory Health -- 2 Toxic Gases in the Urban Environment -- 2.1 Common Types of Toxic Gases: CO, NO2, VOCs -- 2.2 Health Impacts of Prolonged Exposure -- 3 Evolution of Air-Purifying Solutions -- 3.1 Historical Approaches to Combating Toxic Gases -- 3.2 Limitations of Existing Solutions -- 4 Design and Components of the Innovative Air-Purifying Mask -- 4.1 Multi-Layered Filtration System -- 4.1.1 Activated Charcoal: Adsorption Properties and VOC Removal -- 4.1.2 HEPA Filter: Fine Particle Filtration -- 4.2 Integration of Natural Air-Purifying Elements -- 5 Spider Leaves (Chlorophytum comosum) in Air Purification -- 5.1 Natural Air-Purifying Abilities of Spider Leaves -- 5.2 Removal of Formaldehyde, Benzene, and Xylene -- 6 Incorporating Pure Molecules for Respiratory Support -- 6.1 Oxygen (O2) Enrichment for Improved Breathing -- 6.2 Water Vapour (H2O) Contribution to Respiratory Well-Being -- 7 Empirical Testing and Validation -- 7.1 Experimental Setup and Methodology -- 7.2 Results: Reduction in Toxic Gas Exposure and Enhanced Air Quality -- 8 Implications and Future Directions -- 8.1 Advancements in Air Purification Technologies -- 8.2 Sustainable Approaches to Combating Toxic Gases -- 8.3 Potential Integration into Daily Life and Work Environments -- 9 Conclusion -- 9.1 Summary of Key Findings -- 9.2 Significance of the Innovative Air-Purifying Mask.
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9.3 Call to Action for Addressing Environmental Health Challenges -- References -- Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Bangladesh: Sources, Meteorological Factors and Management Approaches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards -- 3 Major Sources of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Bangladesh -- 3.1 Brick Kilns -- 3.2 Motor Vehicles -- 3.3 Road Digging and Construction Work -- 3.4 Power Plants -- 3.5 Transboundary Air Pollution -- 4 Link Between Meteorological Parameters and Atmospheric Particulate Matter -- 4.1 Seasonal and Diurnal Variation -- 4.2 Temperature -- 4.3 Rainfall -- 4.4 Wind Speed -- 4.5 Wind Direction -- 4.6 Mixing Height -- 4.7 Relative Humidity -- 5 Management Approaches to Mitigate Air Pollution -- 6 The Role of the Government in Bangladesh Against Atmospheric Air Pollution -- 6.1 Brick Kilns -- 6.2 Motor Vehicles and Fuels -- 6.3 Industry -- 6.4 Clean Cook Stoves -- References -- Review of the Role of Aerosols in the Spread of COVID-19 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SARS-CoV-2 Virus: COVID-19 -- 3 Aerosols -- 4 Mode of Transmission and Origin -- 4.1 Contact Transmission -- 4.2 Surface Transmission -- 4.3 Aerosol/Airborne Transmission -- 5 Effects of Environmental Conditions on Droplet and Aerosol's Behavior -- 6 Protections Against the Spread of Aerosols and Drops -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Aerosol-Social-Health Nexus: Unveiling the Reciprocity with Aerosol Optical Depth -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area Description -- 3 Data Acquired -- 3.1 VIIRS -- 3.2 NFHS Data -- 3.3 Data Verification -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Temporal Variation of AOD -- 4.2 AOD and Nutritional Association -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Aerosol Optical Depth vs. PM2.5: Adaptation of Hybrid Optimization Algorithms for Temporal Prediction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Site Description.
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2.2 Artificial Neural Network -- 2.3 Support Vector Machine -- 2.4 Hybrid Algorithm -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Limitations -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Monsoon Shifts and Their Impact on Air Quality and Weather: A Case Study of the Amaravathi River Basin, India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Aerosol Loading and Monsoon Variability -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Statistical Approach -- 2.2 Pearson Correlation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Pearson's Correlation for AOD vs. Monsoon -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Evaluation and Scientometric Analysis of Aerosols and Associated Implications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Regional Distribution of Publications -- 3.2 Authors' Productivity and Influence -- 3.3 Core Journals -- 3.4 Articles -- 3.5 Bibliographic Coupling -- 3.6 Keyword Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Anthropogenic Influence on Aerosol Optical Depth -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Are Aerosols? -- 1.2 Classification of Aerosols -- 1.2.1 Based on Source -- 1.2.2 Based on Size -- 1.2.3 Based on Composition -- 1.2.3.1 Sea-Salt Aerosols -- 1.2.3.2 Sulfate and Nitrate Aerosols -- 1.2.3.3 Mineral Dust Aerosols -- 1.2.3.4 Carbonaceous Aerosols -- 1.3 Radiative Effects of Aerosol -- 1.3.1 Direct Effect -- 1.3.2 Indirect Effect -- 1.3.3 Semidirect Effect -- 1.4 Aerosol Optical Depth -- 1.5 AOD and Precipitation -- 1.5.1 Plausible Reasons for the Change in Precipitation Patterns -- 1.5.1.1 Inverse Relationship -- 1.5.1.2 Regional Variability -- 1.5.1.3 Monsoon Regions -- 1.5.1.4 Extreme Weather Events -- 1.5.1.5 Modeling and Predictability -- 1.6 Rainfall Mechanism for the Indian Subcontinent -- 1.6.1 Surface Dimming Effect -- 1.6.2 Elevated Heat Pump (EHP) Hypothesis -- 1.6.3 Urban Precipitation -- 1.6.4 Urban Precipitation-India -- 2 Mitigation -- 3 Conclusion -- References.
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The Effect of Additives on Particulate Matter Emissions from Biomass Combustion.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 3-031-55835-9
Language:
English
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