Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (456 pages)

ISBN: 9783319165103

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 A Brief History of Marine Litter Research -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Seabirds and Seals-The First Signs of Trouble -- 1.3 The Early 1970s-Pellets and Other Problems in the North Atlantic -- 1.4 Shifting Focus to the North Pacific Ocean -- 1.5 Into the Southern Hemisphere -- 1.6 Aloha-The Marine Debris Conferences -- 1.7 Mitigation Measures and Long-Term Changes in Marine Litter -- 1.8 Plastic Degradation and the Microplastic Boom -- 1.9 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Part I Abiotic Aspects of Marine Litter Pollution -- 2 Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Composition -- 2.3 Distribution -- 2.3.1 Beaches -- 2.3.2 Floating Marine Debris -- 2.3.3 Seafloor -- 2.3.4 Microplastics -- 2.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Buoyancy and Sampling Errors -- 3.3 Fate of Plastics Entering the Oceans -- 3.3.1 Photo-Oxidative Degradation -- 3.3.2 Mechanisms of Photo-Oxidation -- 3.3.3 Weathering Under Marine Conditions -- 3.4 Microplastics in the Oceans -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Biological Implications of Marine Litter -- 4 Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Life -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Entanglement -- 4.2.1 Ways of Entanglement -- 4.2.2 Effects of Entanglement -- 4.3 Smothering -- 4.4 Ingestion of Plastic -- 4.4.1 Ways of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.1.1 Intentional Ingestion -- Foraging Strategy -- Color -- Age -- Sex -- 4.4.1.2 Accidental and Secondary Ingestion -- 4.4.2 Impacts of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.2.1 Direct Mortality Caused by Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.3 Indirect Physical Effects of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.3.1 Chemical Effects from Plastic Ingestion. , 4.4.3.2 Chain of Impacts Related to Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.4 Impacts from Species Dispersal -- 4.5 Discussion -- References -- 5 The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Plastic Marine Debris: A Complex Mixture of Chemicals -- 5.1.2 Plastics and Their Chemical Ingredients -- 5.1.3 The Accumulation of Chemicals on Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment -- 5.1.3.1 Spatial Variability -- 5.1.3.2 Variability by Plastic Type and Size -- 5.1.4 Plastic Debris, Environmental Chemical Contaminants and Environmental Fate -- 5.1.5 Plastic Debris as a Sink for Environmental Contaminants -- 5.1.5.1 Process of Accumulation -- 5.1.5.2 Rate of Accumulation -- 5.1.5.3 Comparisons with Other Environmental Media -- 5.1.6 Plastic Debris as a Source of Environmental Contaminants -- 5.1.7 Global Transport -- 5.1.7.1 Food Web Transport -- 5.2 Toxicity of Plastic Debris to Marine Life -- 5.2.1 Hazards Associated with Plastic Ingredients -- 5.2.2 Hazards Associated with the Complex Mixture of Plastic and Sorbed Pollutants -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Marine Litter as Habitat and Dispersal Vector -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Floating Litter as a Habitat -- 6.3 Composition of Rafting Assemblages on Floating Litter -- 6.3.1 Taxonomic Overview -- 6.3.2 Biological Traits of Rafting Invertebrates on Floating Litter -- 6.3.2.1 Mobility -- 6.3.2.2 Feeding Biology -- 6.3.2.3 Reproductive Traits -- 6.3.3 Other Species Attracted to Marine Litter -- 6.3.4 Succession of the Rafting Community -- 6.4 Floating Litter as Dispersal Vector -- 6.5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Part III Microplastics -- 7 Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Sources, Consequences and Solutions -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Definitions of Microplastics. , 7.3 Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Abundance of Microplastics -- 7.4 Anticipated Future Trends -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Methodology Used for the Detection and Identification of Microplastics-A Critical Appraisal -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sampling for Microplastics -- 8.2.1 Water Samples -- 8.2.2 Sediment Samples -- 8.2.2.1 Beaches -- 8.2.2.2 Subtidal Sediments -- 8.2.3 Biota -- 8.3 Laboratory Preparation of Samples -- 8.3.1 Extraction of Microplastics -- 8.3.2 Size Fractionation -- 8.3.3 Sample Purification -- 8.4 Identification of Microplastics -- 8.4.1 Visual Identification -- 8.4.2 Identification of Microplastics by Their Chemical Composition -- 8.4.2.1 Density Separation with Subsequent C:H:N Analysis -- 8.4.2.2 Pyrolysis-GCMS -- 8.4.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy -- 8.4.2.4 IR Spectroscopy -- 8.5 Case Study -- 8.5.1 Materials and Methods -- 8.5.1.1 Sediment Sampling -- 8.5.1.2 Extraction of Microplastics -- 8.5.1.3 Visual Quantification of Microplastics -- 8.5.1.4 FPA-based Micro-FTIR Spectroscopy -- 8.5.2 Results -- 8.5.2.1 FPA-based Micro-FTIR Analysis of Pre-extracted Particles in Sediment Samples -- 8.5.2.2 Granular Particles -- 8.5.2.3 Fragments and Fibres -- 8.5.3 Summary -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Sources and Pathways of Microplastics to Habitats -- Abstract -- 9.1 Defining Sources and Pathways of Microplastic -- 9.2 Larger Plastic Litter -- 9.3 Cleaning Products -- 9.4 Medicines -- 9.5 Textiles -- 9.6 Outlook and Conclusion -- References -- 10 Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Distribution, Interactions and Effects -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Global Distribution of Microplastics in the Sea -- 10.2.1 Microplastics in the Pacific Ocean -- 10.2.2 Microplastics in the Atlantic Ocean -- 10.2.3 Microplastics in European Seas and the Mediterranean Sea. , 10.2.4 Microplastics in the Indian Ocean and Marginal Seas -- 10.2.5 Microplastics in Polar Regions -- 10.2.6 Modelling the Distribution of Microplastics -- 10.2.7 Summary -- 10.3 Interactions of Microplastics with Marine Organisms -- 10.3.1 Ingestion -- 10.3.1.1 Planktonic Invertebrates -- 10.3.1.2 Benthic Invertebrates -- 10.3.1.3 Fish -- 10.3.1.4 Sea Birds -- 10.3.1.5 Marine Mammals -- 10.3.1.6 Sea Turtles -- 10.3.2 Trophic Transfer -- 10.3.3 Microplastic Effect on Habitats -- 10.3.4 Summary -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Modeling the Role of Microplastics in Bioaccumulation of Organic Chemicals to Marine Aquatic Organisms. A Critical Review -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Models to Assess the Importance of Microplastic Ingestion -- 11.2.1 Equilibrium Partitioning -- 11.2.2 Decomposition and Disintegration -- 11.2.3 Bioaccumulation -- 11.3 Model-Based Assessment of Implications and Risks of Plastic-Associated Chemicals -- 11.4 Summarizing Discussion and Recommendations -- References -- 12 Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Sources, Detection and Occurrence of Nanoplastic -- 12.2.1 Sources of Nanoplastic -- 12.2.2 Detection and Occurrence of Nanoplastic -- 12.3 Fate of Nanoplastic -- 12.4 Bioaccumulation and Effects -- 12.4.1 Bioaccumulation and Effects of Nanoplastics -- 12.4.2 Implications of Chemicals and Nanofillers Associated with Nanoplastics -- 12.5 Specific Challenges in Nanoplastic Effect Research -- 12.6 Implications and Recommendations -- References -- Part IV Socio-economic Implications of Marine Anthropogenic Litter -- 13 Micro- and Nano-plastics and Human Health -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 What Kinds of Plastics Are in Use? -- 13.3 Plastics and Human Health -- 13.4 Micro- and Nanoplastics. , 13.4.1 Occurrence of Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment -- 13.4.2 Micro- and Nanoplastics and Human Health -- 13.4.3 Ingestion of Micro- and Nanoplastics and Uptake Across the Gut -- 13.4.4 Interaction of Microspheres and Nanoparticles with Cells and Tissues -- 13.4.5 Interactions with Biological Materials and Cells -- 13.5 Assessing the Risks that Micro- and Nanoplastics Pose to Human Health -- 13.5.1 Leaching of Toxic Chemicals from Plastics -- 13.5.2 Bisphenol a and Human Health -- 13.5.3 Safer Alternatives to BPA -- 13.5.4 Novel Polymer Formulations -- 13.5.5 Nanopolymers and Nanofillers -- 13.6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 14 The Economics of Marine Litter -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Estimating the Economic Impacts of Marine Litter -- 14.2.1 Beach Cleaning, Tourism and Recreation -- 14.2.2 Shipping and Yachting -- 14.2.3 Fisheries -- 14.2.4 Aquaculture -- 14.2.5 Agriculture -- 14.2.6 Human Health -- 14.2.7 Summary -- 14.3 Marine Litter and Economic Incentives -- 14.3.1 Landfill TaxesLevies -- 14.3.2 Plastic Bag Initiatives -- 14.3.3 Packaging Producer Responsibility in the EU -- 14.3.4 Charges for Port Reception Facilities -- 14.4 Choosing Economic Instruments -- 14.5 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Regulation and Management of Marine Litter -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Instruments of Marine Litter at International, Regional and National Levels -- 15.2.1 General Mechanisms of Instruments -- 15.2.2 Examples of Instruments on Marine Litter -- 15.2.2.1 International Instruments -- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) -- Annex V of MARPOL 7378 -- London Protocol -- Action Plan on Tackling the Inadequacy of PRFs -- UNEP Regional Sea Programme -- UNEPIOC Guidelines on Surveying and Monitoring of Marine Litter -- UNEP Guidelines on the Use of Market-Based and Economic Instruments. , UNEPFAO Abandoned, Lost or Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear.

Additional Edition: Print version: Bergmann, Melanie Marine Anthropogenic Litter Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2015 ISBN 9783319165097

Language: English

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Format: xviii, 447 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

ISBN: 9783319165103

Series Statement: Springer Open

Language: English

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/828066523.pdf

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Format: XVIII, 447 p. 68 illus., 35 illus. in color. , online resource.

ISBN: 9783319165103

Content: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological  impacts, dedicated research activities,  and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem.  They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and  the broader public.

Note: Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1 A brief history of marine litter research -- Part 2 Abiotic aspects of marine litter pollution -- Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter -- Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans -- Part 3 Biological implications of marine litter -- Deleterious effects of litter on marine life -- The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment -- Marine litter as habitat and dispersal vector -- Part 4 Micro plastics -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences and solutions -- Methodology used for the detection and identification of micro plastics – a critical appraisal -- Sources and pathways of micro plastics to habitats -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects -- Modeling the role of micro plastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review -- Nano plastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review -- Part 5 Socio-economic implications of marine anthropogenic litter -- Micro and nano-plastics and human health -- The economics of marine litter -- Regulation and management of marine litter -- Marine litter and the contribution of citizen science.

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783319165097

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

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Format: 1 online resource

ISBN: 9783319165097 , 3319165097 , 9783319165103 , 3319165100

Series Statement: Online access: OAPEN Open Research Library (ORL)

Content: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

In: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks), OAPEN

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Online-Publikation.

URL: Full text available: 2015.  (Available in OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks).)

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UID:

Format: 1 online resource (XVIII, 447 pages) : , illustrations (some in colour); digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed. 2015.

ISBN: 9783319165103 (ebook)

Content: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological  impacts, dedicated research activities,  and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem.  They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and  the broader public.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1 A brief history of marine litter research -- Part 2 Abiotic aspects of marine litter pollution -- Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter -- Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans -- Part 3 Biological implications of marine litter -- Deleterious effects of litter on marine life -- The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment -- Marine litter as habitat and dispersal vector -- Part 4 Micro plastics -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences and solutions -- Methodology used for the detection and identification of micro plastics – a critical appraisal -- Sources and pathways of micro plastics to habitats -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects -- Modeling the role of micro plastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review -- Nano plastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review -- Part 5 Socio-economic implications of marine anthropogenic litter -- Micro and nano-plastics and human health -- The economics of marine litter -- Regulation and management of marine litter -- Marine litter and the contribution of citizen science. , English

Additional Edition: Print version: ISBN 9783319165097

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (XVIII, 447 pages) : , illustrations (some in colour); digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed. 2015.

ISBN: 9783319165103 (ebook)

Content: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological  impacts, dedicated research activities,  and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem.  They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and  the broader public.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1 A brief history of marine litter research -- Part 2 Abiotic aspects of marine litter pollution -- Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter -- Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans -- Part 3 Biological implications of marine litter -- Deleterious effects of litter on marine life -- The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment -- Marine litter as habitat and dispersal vector -- Part 4 Micro plastics -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences and solutions -- Methodology used for the detection and identification of micro plastics – a critical appraisal -- Sources and pathways of micro plastics to habitats -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects -- Modeling the role of micro plastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review -- Nano plastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review -- Part 5 Socio-economic implications of marine anthropogenic litter -- Micro and nano-plastics and human health -- The economics of marine litter -- Regulation and management of marine litter -- Marine litter and the contribution of citizen science. , English

Additional Edition: Print version: ISBN 9783319165097

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (XVIII, 447 pages) : , illustrations (some in colour); digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed. 2015.

ISBN: 9783319165103 (ebook)

Content: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological  impacts, dedicated research activities,  and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem.  They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and  the broader public.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1 A brief history of marine litter research -- Part 2 Abiotic aspects of marine litter pollution -- Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter -- Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans -- Part 3 Biological implications of marine litter -- Deleterious effects of litter on marine life -- The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment -- Marine litter as habitat and dispersal vector -- Part 4 Micro plastics -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences and solutions -- Methodology used for the detection and identification of micro plastics – a critical appraisal -- Sources and pathways of micro plastics to habitats -- Micro plastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects -- Modeling the role of micro plastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review -- Nano plastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review -- Part 5 Socio-economic implications of marine anthropogenic litter -- Micro and nano-plastics and human health -- The economics of marine litter -- Regulation and management of marine litter -- Marine litter and the contribution of citizen science. , English

Additional Edition: Print version: ISBN 9783319165097

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3