Umfang:
Online-Ressource (XII, 319 p. 129 illus., 27 illus. in color, digital)
ISBN:
9784431540526
,
1283632969
,
9781283632966
Serie:
Ecological Research Monographs
Inhalt:
The aim of this book is to describe what is currently occurring in the Mongolian grasslands, to analyze how various factors creating environmental problems interact, and to suggest solutions for sustainable management of the grasslands. The book has three parts. Part I is an introduction, explaining the key concept of an ecosystem network and providing background information on the general features of Mongolian nomadic pastoralism as well as distribution of vegetation in Mongolian grasslands. Part II describes the effects of natural environmental factors and nomadic activities on grassland conditions. Water dynamics that maintain the grassland system are analyzed in a steppe region with shrubs and in a forest-steppe region with trees. Part III describes the effects of economic and social factors on land-use and the livelihood of herders. As nomadic people moved closer to large cities for economic advantage in the 1990s, degradation of pastures by overgrazing resulted. Finally, the impacts of global warming and globalization on the Mongolian society and ecosystem are examined. This book analyzes environmental problems in Mongolian grasslands, but the contents contribute to consideration of environmental problems and sustainable pasture use in grassland areas worldwide.
Anmerkung:
Description based upon print version of record
,
The Mongolian Ecosystem Network; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Ecosystem Network and Mongolian Nomadism; Chapter 1: Ecosystem Networks as Social-Ecological Systems; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Ecosystem Network for Mongolian Grasslands; 1.3 Simplification of the Ecosystem Network and Implications for Conservation; References; Chapter 2: Characteristics and Transformation of the Pastoral System in Mongolia; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Historical Descriptions of Nomadic Pastoralists on the Mongolian Plateau; 2.3 Adaptation to the Environment; 2.3.1 Adaptation to the Natural Environment
,
2.3.2 Social Environment Relative to Natural Conditions2.4 Characteristics of Pastoral Management; 2.4.1 Pastoral System Featured by Castrated Male Livestock; 2.4.2 Diversified Growing Pattern; 2.5 Transformations of the Socialist Period; 2.5.1 Socialist Collectivization; 2.5.2 Industrialization of Livestock Rearing; 2.5.3 Rise of Solidified Facilities; 2.6 Changes Since Democratization; 2.6.1 Appearance of Regional Disparities; 2.6.2 Appearance of Disparities Among Households; 2.7 Remaining Issues; References
,
Chapter 3: Distribution Patterns of Vegetation as a Fundamental Factor in Mongolian Ecosystems3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Vegetation Patterns; 3.3 Vegetation Degradation; 3.4 Desertification; 3.5 Conclusions; References; Part II: Natural Environment and the Ecosystem Network; Chapter 4: Long-Term Study of the Relationship Between Precipitation and Productivity in the Main Pasture Vegetation of a Steppe Ecosystem in Eastern Mongolia; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Study Site and Materials; 4.2.1 Location; 4.2.2 Landscape; 4.2.3 Climate; 4.3 Methods; 4.4 Results and Discussion
,
4.4.1 Productivity Dynamics of Aboveground Green Phytomass4.4.2 Dependency of Green Phytomass Dynamics on Weather Conditions; 4.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Water Dynamics Within the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere System in a Steppe Region Covered by Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Materials and Methods; 5.2.1 Study Area; 5.2.2 Observations and Measurements; 5.2.3 Sampling of Water and Stable Isotope Analysis; 5.3 Results and Discussion; 5.3.1 Evaporation and Transpiration; 5.3.2 Subsurface Water Dynamics; 5.4 Conclusions; References
,
Chapter 6: A Possible Future Picture of Mongolian Forest-Steppe Vegetation Under Climate Change and Increasing Livestock: Results from a New Vegetation Transition Model at the Topographic Scale6.1 Introduction; 6.1.1 An Interesting Pattern at the Topographic Scale Observed in Northern Mongolia; 6.1.2 Previous Explanations for the Target Pattern; 6.2 The Model; 6.2.1 The Mathematical Model; 6.2.1.1 Dynamics of Biomasses of the Two Plant Types; 6.2.2 Results of the Mathematical Model; 6.2.2.1 Bistable Steady States and the Transition Between Vegetation Types
,
6.2.2.2 Vegetation Regime Shifts and Hysteresis Loop Are the Keys for the Target Pattern
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9784431540519
Weitere Ausg.:
Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 978-4-431-54051-9
Sprache:
Englisch
Fachgebiete:
Geographie
Schlagwort(e):
Mongolei
;
Ökosystem
;
Mongolei
;
Umweltnutzung
;
Umweltveränderung
;
Aufsatzsammlung
DOI:
10.1007/978-4-431-54052-6
URL:
Volltext
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