Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (235 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-309-18403-7 , 1-280-18590-2 , 9786610185900 , 0-309-53911-0 , 0-585-08578-1

Series Statement: Compass series

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Risk-Based Waste Classification in California -- Copyright -- OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Risk-Based Waste Classification In California -- Executive Summary -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK -- WHAT IS BEING REVIEWED? -- DTSC'S CURRENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM -- DTSC'S PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM -- THE NRC COMMITTEE'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Risk-Based Waste Classification -- Exposure Pathway Integration -- Protection Goals and Exposure Scenarios -- Model Components and Parameters -- Model Performance -- Analytical Issues -- Risk for Entire Waste -- Chronic Toxicity Data and Irritation Testing -- Transparency of the Proposed Approach -- Flexibility Goals -- CONCLUSIONS -- 1 Introduction -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK AND APPROACH -- REPORT ORGANIZATION -- OVERVIEW OF CALIFORNIA'S APPROACH TO CLASSIFYING HAZARDOUS WASTE -- Statutory Framework -- Current Waste-Classification System -- Need for Change in Waste-Classification System -- Proposed Waste-Classification System -- Toxicity Criteria -- Total Threshold Limit Concentrations -- Soluble or Extractable Regulatory Thresholds -- Other Toxicity Criteria -- Exposure Models -- CalTOX Model -- Preliminary Endangerment Assessment Model -- Lead Risk-Assessment Spreadsheet Model -- Potential Regulatory Impacts -- 2 DTSC's Proposed Overall Approach -- STATEMENT OF GOALS -- MULTIMEDIA AND MULTIPATHWAY RISK ASSESSMENT -- REALISTIC EXPOSURE SCENARIOS -- VALID SCIENCE -- TRANSPARENCY -- FLEXIBILITY -- IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICALITY AND EVALUATION -- 3 Scenario Selection and Modeling -- EXPOSURE SCENARIOS: PURPOSE -- MODELING: PURPOSE -- SUMMARY OF DTSC EXPOSURE SCENARIOS -- Adjacent Resident Scenario -- Waste Worker Scenario -- Land Conversion Scenario -- Ecological Effects Scenario -- MODELING USED IN THE SCENARIOS. , ANALYSIS OF SCENARIOS AND MODELING -- Scenarios: Connection to Policy -- Scenarios: Completeness and Coverage -- Scenarios: Physical Processes and Models -- Mathematical Models and Their Implementation -- Scenarios and Models: Parameter Values -- Models: Variability and Uncertainty -- Models: Sensitivity Analyses -- Models: Validation and Quality Control -- ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO -- 4 Issues of Model Application -- MODEL PARAMETERS -- Parameter Selection for Scenarios -- Food Intake -- Fruits and Vegetables -- Grains -- Meat, Dairy, and Eggs -- Fish -- PARAMETER SELECTION WITHIN SPECIFIC MODELS -- Soluble or Extractable Regulatory Thresholds -- Calculations for Lower SERTs -- Calculations for Upper SERTs -- Preliminary Endangerment Assessment -- Risk and Hazard Spreadsheets -- Exposure Pathway Factor for Inhalation -- Dust -- Quantitation of Intake for Workers -- Concentration limit in Waste -- Monte Carlo Analysis -- LeadSpread -- CalTOX -- Dust-Deposition Velocity -- Organic Carbon Content of Residential Soil -- Molecular Weight -- Chemical Properties -- ANALYTICAL METHODS -- TOXICITY TESTS -- Tests Related to Human Health -- Tests Related to Ecology -- 5 Meeting Program Goals -- RSU GUIDING PRINCIPLES -- Protect Public Health and Environment -- Regulatory Flexibility and Simplicity -- DTSC PROGRAM GOALS -- Considering Exposure in Classification of Waste -- Incorporating New Toxicological or Technical Data -- Developing a Mechanism for Regulating Chemicals Other Than the 36 SERT and 38 TTLC Chemicals -- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR DTSC'S APPROACH -- PROGRAM EVALUATION -- References -- Appendix A Biographical Information on the Committee on Risk-Based Criteria for Non-RCRA Hazardous Waste -- Appendix B DTSC Issues -- Appendix C List of Public Access Materials Received by the NRC Committee on Risk-Based Criteria for Non-RCRA Hazardous Waste. , Appendix D California Environmental Protection Agency Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) -- 1. OVERVIEW -- Total Threshold Limit Concentrations (TTLCs) -- Human Health Risk Assessment Scenarios and Models -- Upper TTLCs -- Exit-level TTLCs -- Soluble or Extractable Regulatory Thresholds (SERTs) -- 2. ISSUES -- TTLC issues -- Model Selection -- Scenario Selection -- SERT issues -- Acute Toxicity Issues -- DESCRIPTION OF ISSUES -- The Waste Classification Review -- The Existing California System -- RECOMMENDATION -- CIRCUMSTANCES NECESSITATING A DECISION -- EXISTING STATUTES OR REGULATIONS RELATED TO THE ISSUE -- Objectives to be Achieved Through Decision -- Alternatives Available and Recommended Alternative -- A. Subsection 66261.24(a)(2)(A& -- B) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3 -- B. Subsection 66261.24(a)(2)(A& -- B) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3 -- C. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(3) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3 -- D. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(4) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3 -- E. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(5) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3 -- F. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(6) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 4 -- G. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(7) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 4 -- H. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(8) -- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 2 -- Implementation of the Recommended Alternatives -- A. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(2): SERTs -- B. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(2): TTLCs -- Regulation of Wastes Containing Elemental Metals -- C. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(3): Acute Oral LD50 -- D. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(4): Acute Dermal LD50 -- E. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(5): Acute Inhalation LC50 -- F. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(6): Aquatic Toxicity. , G. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(7): Listed Carcinogens -- H. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(8): New Threats -- I. Classification of wastes under the proposed regulatory structure -- Reclassifications and Variances -- Appendix 1: Regulated chemicals -- Organic Chemicals -- Inorganic Chemicals -- Appendix 2: Derivation of proposed SERTs -- Lower (exit-level) SERTs -- Upper SERTs -- Solubility, STLCs, and TTLCs -- Appendix 3: TTLCs -- Introduction -- What is the purpose of this appendix? -- What is the relationship between ground water and TTLCs? -- Why are TTLCs developed for individual chemicals instead of waste streams? -- Why were these 38 chemicals selected? -- What is the purpose of two tiers of TTLCs? -- How are the upper and lower (exit-level) TTLCs selected? -- First Stage: Computation of Risk-Based TTLCs -- How is quantitative risk assessment used to assess effects on human health and the environment? -- What is multimedia exposure assessment? -- Mathematical Models and Regulatory Decisions -- How is uncertainty treated in developing TTLCs? -- Description of the Exposure Scenarios -- Disposal Practices -- Potentially Exposed Populations -- Exposure Scenarios -- Models used for determining risk-based criteria for the scenarios -- What is CalTOX and why was it chosen? -- What modifications have been made to CalTOX and why? -- What is the Lead spreadsheet model and why was it chosen? -- What modifications have been made to the Lead spreadsheet model and why? -- What is the Preliminary Endangerment Assessment model and why was it chosen? -- What modifications have been made to the PEA and why? -- How were effects on non-human species evaluated? -- References -- Second Stage: Detection Limits and Ambient Concentrations -- Estimated Quantification Limits -- Comparison with Background Concentrations -- References. , Appendix 4. Acute Toxicity Thresholds -- Oral LD50 -- Dermal LD50 -- Inhalation LC50 -- Aquatic Toxicity. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-309-06544-5

Language: English