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Format: 1 online resource (xiv, 278 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-107-11259-1 , 0-511-81544-1 , 1-280-41690-4 , 0-511-15315-5 , 0-511-30338-6 , 0-511-05309-6 , 0-521-47431-0 , 0-511-17388-1

Series Statement: Structural analysis in the social sciences ; 19

Content: In Social Capital, Nan Lin explains the importance of using social connections and social relations in achieving goals. Social capital, or resources accessed through such connections and relations, is critical (along with human capital, or what a person or organization actually possesses) to individuals, social groups, organizations, and communities in obtaining their objectives. This book places social capital in the family of capital theories (the classical and neo-capital theories), articulates its elements and propositions, presents research programs, findings, and agenda, and theorizes its significance in various moments of interactions between individual actions and social structure (for example, the primordial groups, social exchanges, organizations, institutional transformations and cybernetworks). Nan Lin eloquently introduces a groundbreaking theory that forcefully argues and shows why it is 'who you know', as well as 'what you know' that makes a difference in life and society.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). , Cover; Half Title; Series-Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Part I Theory and Research; Part II Conceptual Extensions; Part III Epilogue; References; Index , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-521-52167-X

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-511-01947-5

Language: English

Subjects: Economics , Sociology

Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books.

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URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815447

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Format: 1 online resource (225 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783428472352

Series Statement: Schriften des Vereins für Socialpolitik

Note: Intro -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Einführung -- Hans-Peter Nissen, Paderborn: Wechselkurspolitische Reformen in Venezuela -- A. Multiple Wechselkurse in Entwicklungsländern -- B. Das System multipler Wechselkurse Venezuelas von 1983-1989 -- I. Wirtschafts- und währungspolitische Rahmenbedingungen -- II. Die Politik der Wechselkursspaltung -- III. Veränderungen des multiplen Wechselkurssystems in der Zeit -- IV. Fiskus und multiple Wechselkurse -- C. Von festen über multiple zu flexiblen Wechselkursen -- Summary: Reforms in the exchange rate policy of Venezuela -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Friedrich L. Sell, Gießen: Korreferat zum Referat von Hans-Peter Nissen „Wechselkurspolitische Reformen in Venezuela" -- Summary: Comment on Nissen's paper -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Kurt von Rabenau, Frankfurt/M.: Landwirtschaftliche Preispolitik. Ergebnisse der Reformen am Beispiel des Reismarktes in Madagaskar und des Kakaomarktes in Ghana -- A. Einführung -- B. Reform des madagassischen Reismarktes -- I. Die Vor-Reform-Entwicklung bis 1982 -- II. Die Reformen seit 1983 -- 1. Freigabe der Produzenten- und Konsumentenpreise -- 2. Aufhebung des staatlichen Vermarktungs- und Verarbeitungsmonopols und Rückzug des Staates aus unwirtschaftlicher Verarbeitung -- 3. Aufhebung der Subventionierung von landwirtschaftlichen Inputs -- 4. Einführung eines staatlichen Reismanagement-Programms -- 5. Preisstabilisierende Maßnahmen -- 6. Liberalisierung des Devisenmarktes -- III. Die Entwicklung seit 1983 -- 1. Reisproduktion und Inlandsverfügbarkeit -- 2. Erzeugerpreise und bäuerliche Einkommen -- 3. Konsumentenpreise und nicht-landwirtschaftliche Einkommen -- 4. Beschäftigung -- 5. Defizit des Staates -- 6. Verschuldung des Staates -- IV. Bewertung und Schlußfolgerungen -- C. Reform des ghanaischen Kakaomarktes -- I. Die Vor-Reform-Entwicklung bis 1982. , II. Die Reformen zwischen 1983 und 1989 -- 1. Erhöhung des Anteils der Kakaofarmer am Kakaoexportpreis -- 2. Reduzierung der Tätigkeitsfelder und der Beschäftigtenanzahl von COCOBOD bei Beibehaltung des staatlichen Vermarktungsmonopols -- 3. Abbau der Subventionen für landwirtschaftliche Inputs -- 4. Preisstabilisierende Maßnahmen -- 5. Liberalisierung des Devisenmarktes -- III. Die Entwicklung seit 1983 -- 1. Kakaoproduktion, Deviseneinnahmen -- 2. Einkommen der Farmer -- 3. Beschäftigung -- 4. Einnahmen des Staates -- 5. Verschuldung des Staates -- IV. Bewertung und Schlußfolgerungen -- Summary: Agricultural price policy. The results of reforms in the Madagascan rice and the Ghanaian cocoa markets -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Madagaskar -- Ghana -- Länderübergreifende Literatur -- Oskar Gans, Heidelberg: Reforming the Economic System of Bangladesh: Main Fields of Action -- A. Tax System -- I. Optimal Taxation -- II. Basic Principles of a Tax Reform -- 1. Revenue and Revenue Structure of the Central Government -- 2. Actual Structure vs. Optimal Taxation -- 3. The Potentiality of Reforms -- B. Financial Market -- I. Financial Market Reforms in Developing Countries -- II. The Banking System -- 1. Institutional Framework and Structure -- 2. Credit Policy of Banks -- 3. Reforming the Banking System -- III. Role of the Central Bank (Bangladesh Bank) -- 1. The Basic Concept of Monetary Control -- 2. Instruments of Monetary Policy -- 3. Effectiveness of Monetary Policy -- C. Foreign Exchange Market -- I. Exchange Rate Rules for Developing Countries: Some Short Remarks -- II. The Exchange Rate System -- III. Exchange Rate Policy -- D. Foreign Trade -- I. Foreign Trade and Economic Development: Some Short Remarks -- II. Foreign Trade Structure -- III. Foreign Trade Regulations -- IV. Discriminations -- V. The Potentiality of Reforms. , VI. A Footnote on the Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) -- 1. "Enclave Approach": Theoretical Concept and Results -- 2. Characteristics of the CEPZ -- E. Industry -- I. Investment and Production Licensing in Developing Countries -- II. Industrial Performance: A Regulation or an Entrepreneurial Problem? -- 1. The Inefficiency of Government Assistance -- 2. Government Failure vs. Market Failure -- F. Physical Infrastructure -- I. The Theory of Public Regulation -- II. The Potentiality of Deregulation -- 1. Road Transport -- 2. Water Transport -- 3. Railways -- 4. Energy (Electricity) -- 5. Telecommunications -- 6. Some Remarks on Public Pricing Policies -- G. Summary and Conclusions -- I. First Basic Features of the Economic System: Import-based Taxes and Inefficient Financial Markets -- II. Second Basic Features of the Economic System: Cumbersome Public Administration and "Non-existence of an Entrepreneurial Culture" -- III. Third Basic Feature of the Economic System: "Soft State" -- IV. Fourth Basic Feature of the Economic System: Rent-seeking -- Summary: Reforming the Economic System of Bangladesh: Main Fields of Action -- References -- Hartmut Elsenhans, Konstanz: Korreferat zum Referat von O. Gans. "Reforming the Economic System of Bangladesh: Main Fields of Action" -- A. Mit dem Begriff der Deregulierung werden nicht alle Voraussetzungen marktwirtschaftlich gesteuerter (kapitalistischer) Wachstumsprozesse benannt -- B. Die Problematik des Gleichgewichtswechselkurses -- C. Deregulierung bei Fortdauer der Entwicklungshilfe erfordert Planung -- D. Zu den Grenzen der NGOs im Rahmen einer Deregulierungspolitik -- E. Die Grenzen der Projektauswahl für die Einschränkung staatlicher Vergeudung -- F. Zur Utopie der Durchschleusung der Rente zu den Armen - ein Bericht aus dem 21. Jahrhundert -- G. Versuch einer Schlußfolgerung. , Summary: Comment on Gans' paper -- Rasul Shams, Hamburg: Hemmnisse der wirtschaftspolitischen Reformpolitik in Entwicklungsländern -- A. Vorbemerkung -- B. Fehlende ökonomische und institutionelle Voraussetzungen als Hemmnis für wirtschaftspolitische Reformen -- C. Verteilungspolitische Wirkungen von wirtschaftspolitischen Reformen -- D. Verteilungskonflikte und wirtschaftspolitische Reformen -- I. Verteilungskonflikte, Reformpolitik und die Theorie des kollektiven Handelns -- II. Verteilungskonflikte, wirtschaftspolitische Reformen und die vertragstheoretische Interpretation der Demokratie -- E. Verteilungskonflikte als Hemmnis für wirtschaftspolitische Reformen in den Entwicklungsländern -- I. Das afrikanische Modell -- II. Das ostasiatische Modell -- III. Das lateinamerikanische Modell -- F. Gruppenkonfiguration, Zahlungsbilanzkrise und Reformpolitik -- G. Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerungen -- Summary: Obstacles to economic reforms in DCs -- Literatur -- Rolf J. Langhammer, Kiel: Einführender Diskussionsbeitrag zum Referat von Rasul Shams. „Hemmnisse der wirtschaftspolitischen Reformpolitik in Entwicklungsländern" -- Literatur -- Summary: Comment on Sham's paper -- Ulrich Peter Ritter, Frankfurt/M.: Überlegungen zu einer Theorie wirtschaftspolitischer Reformen anhand ausgewählter Beispiele -- A. Einleitung -- B. Ausgangsüberlegungen: Aufgaben einer Reformtheorie und Reformbegriffe -- C. Fallstudien -- I. Fallstudie 1: China -- II. Fallstudie 2: Brasilien und Argentinien -- III. Fallstudie 3: Spanien -- IV. Der Erfolg der Reformmaßnahmen -- D. Organisationsentwicklung und Organisationstheorie als theoretische Ansätze für eine Reformtheorie -- I. Dynamik und Wandel von Organisationen im Tavistock-Ansatz -- 1. Primäraufgabe -- 2. Autorität, Führung und Grenzmanagement -- 3. Haltgebende Strukturen (Containment). , II. Das Erfordernis einer Vision und das Modell des kritischen Pfades -- III. „Piecemeal engineering" und „Social processing" -- E. Exemplarische Anwendung von Konzepten der Organisationsentwicklung -- I. Primäraufgabe und Vision -- II. Autorität, Führung und Grenzmanagement -- III. Containment (Haltgebende Strukturen) -- IV. Social Processing (soziale Verarbeitung) -- F. Fazit -- Summary: Towards a theory of economic reforms using selected examples -- Bibliographie -- Peter P. Waller, Berlin: Internationale Unterstützung des Reformprozesses in Entwicklungsländern im Rahmen von Auflagenpolitik und Politikdialog - Das Beispiel patrimonialer Regime in Afrika -- A. Einführung -- B. Die Legitimierung der Unterstützung politischer Reformen von außen -- C. Die Notwendigkeit der Unterstützung politischer Reformen von außen -- I. Wirtschaftsreformen in Afrika und patrimonialer Staat -- 1. Der patrimoniale Staat in Afrika -- 2. Der Widerstand des patrimonialen Staates gegen Wirtschaftsreformen -- II. Die Überwindung des patrimonialen Systems -- 1. Die Ziele der Transformation -- 2. Ansätze zur Transformation -- III. Die Notwendigkeit der Unterstützung politischer Reformen von außen -- D. Instrumente zur Unterstützung politischer Reformen -- I. Die politische ex-post Konditionalität -- II. Gezielter Einsatz der Hilfe-Instrumente -- III. Politik-Dialog -- E. Konsequenzen für die Geber -- Summary: International Support for the Process of Reform in Developing Countries through Conditionality and Policy Dialogue - the Case of Patrimonial Regimes in Africa -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Dieter Weiss, Berlin: Korreferat zum Referat von Peter P. Waller. „Internationale Unterstützung des Reformprozesses in Entwicklungsländern im Rahmen von Auflagenpolitik und Politik-Dialog - Das Beispiel patrimonialer Regime in Afrika". , A. Zum Spannungsfeld von Souveränität und Menschenrechten.

Additional Edition: Print version: Sautter, Hermann Wirtschaftspolitische Reformen in Entwicklungsländern. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot,c2022 ISBN 9783428072354

Language: German

Keywords: Conference papers and proceedings

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Format: 1 online resource (817 p.)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 9786611020033 , 9781281020031 , 1281020036 , 9780080491783 , 0080491782

Content: This is the first book that can be considered a textbook on thin film science, complete with exercises at the end of each chapter. Ohring has contributed many highly regarded reference books to the AP list, including Reliability and Failure of Electronic Materials and the Engineering Science of Thin Films. The knowledge base is intended for science and engineering students in advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate level courses on thin films and scientists and engineers who are entering or require an overview of the field.Since 1992, when the book was first publi

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Materials Science of Thin Films: Deposition and Structure; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword to First Edition; Preface; Acknowledgments; A Historical Perspective; Chapter 1. A Review of Materials Science; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Structure; 1.3 Defects in Solids; 1.4. Bonds and Bands in Materials; 1.5. Thermodynamics of Materials; 1.6. Kinetics; 1.7. Nucleation; 1.8. An Introduction to Mechanical Behavior; 1.9. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 2. Vacuum Science and Technology; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Kinetic Theory of Gases; 2.3. Gas Transport and Pumping , 2.4. Vacuum Pumps2.5. Vacuum Systems; 2.6. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 3. Thin-Film Evaporation Processes; 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. The Physics and Chemistry of Evaporation; 3.3. Film Thickness Uniformity and Purity; 3.4. Evaporation Hardware; 3.5. Evaporation Processes and Applications; 3.6. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 4. Discharges, Plasmas, and Ion-Surface Interactions; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Plasmas, Discharges, and Arcs; 4.3. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics; 4.4. Reactions in Plasmas; 4.5. Physics of Sputtering , 4.6. Ion Bombardment Modification of Growing Films4.7. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 5. Plasma and Ion Beam Processing of Thin Films; 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. DC, AC, and Reactive Sputtering Processes; 5.3. Magnetron Sputtering; 5.4. Plasma Etching; 5.5. Hybrid and Modified PVD Processes; 5.6. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 6. Chemical Vapor Deposition; 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. Reaction Types; 6.3. Thermodynamics of CVD; 6.4. Gas Transport; 6.5. Film Growth Kinetics; 6.6. Thermal CVD Processes; 6.7. Plasma-Enhanced CVD Processes; 6.8. Some CVD Materials Issues , 6.9. Safety6.10. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 7. Substrate Surfaces and Thin-Film Nucleation; 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. An Atomic View of Substrate Surfaces; 7.3. Thermodynamic Aspects of Nucleation; 7.4. Kinetic Processes in Nucleation and Growth; 7.5. Experimental Studies of Nucleation and Growth; 7.6. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 8. Epitaxy; 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Manifestations of Epitaxy; 8.3. Lattice Misfit and Defects in Epitaxial Films; 8.4. Epitaxy of Compound Semiconductors; 8.5. High-Temperature Methods for Depositing Epitaxial Semiconductor Films , 8.6. Low-Temperature Methods for Depositing Epitaxial Semiconductor Films8.7. Mechanisms and Characterization of Epitaxial Film Growth; 8.8. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 9. Film Structure; 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. Structural Morphology of Deposited Films and Coatings; 9.3. Computational Simulations of Film Structure; 9.4. Grain Growth, Texture, and Microstructure Control in Thin Films; 9.5. Constrained Film Structures; 9.6. Amorphous Thin Films; 9.7. Conclusion; Exercises; References; Chapter 10. Characterization of Thin Films and Surfaces; 10.1. Introduction , 10.2. Film Thickness

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781493301720

Additional Edition: ISBN 1493301721

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780125249751

Additional Edition: ISBN 0125249756

Language: English

Subjects: Engineering , Physics

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books

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Format: 1 online resource (252 p.)

ISBN: 1-280-96602-5 , 9786610966028 , 0-08-047469-1

Content: Traditionally, randomness and determinism have been viewed as being diametrically opposed, based on the idea that causality and determinism is complicated by "noise.? Although recent research has suggested that noise can have a productive role, it still views noise as a separate entity. This work suggests that this not need to be so. In an informal presentation, instead, the problem is traced to traditional assumptions regarding dynamical equations and their need for unique solutions. If this requirement is relaxed, the equations admit for instability and stochasticity evolving from the dynami

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Preface; Contents; Probability and Dynamics; A Dichotomy; Historical Perspective; Probabilities; Randomness; Singularities; Models and Reality; Singularities and Instability; Dynamics; Attractors; Liapunov Exponents; Limitations of the Classical Approach; Dynamical Instability; Lipschitz Conditions; Basic Concepts; Dissipation; Terminal Dynamics Limit Sets; Interpretation of Terminal Attractors; Unpredictability in Terminal Dynamics; Irreversibility of Terminal Dynamics; Probabilistic Structure; Self-Organization in Terminal Dynamics; Noise and Determinism; Experimental Determinations , The Larger MetaphorNon-Equilibrium Singularities; Simple Harmonic Oscillator; A Physically Motivated Example; Uncertainty in Piecewise Deterministic Dynamics; Nondeterminism and Predictability; Controlling Nondeterministic Chaos; Implications; Classification of Nondeterministic Systems; Singularities in Biological Sciences; An Alternative Approach; Nonstationary Features of the Cardio- Pulmonary System; Tracheal Pressures; Lung Sounds; Heart Beat; Neural (Brain) Processes; Electroencephalograms and Seizures; Terminal Neurodynamics; Creativity and Neurodynamics; Collective Brain , Stochastic Attractor as a Tool for GeneralizationCollective Brain Paradigm; Model of Collective Brain; Terminal Comments; Arm Motion; Protein Folding; Two General Contemporary Schemata; A Different View; Proteins from a Signal Analysis Perspective; Singularities of Protein Hydrophobicity; Compartment Models; Biological Complexity; Singularities in Social Science/Arts; Economic Time Series; Stock Market Indexes; Exchange Rates; Art (The Science of Art?); Examples; Psychology; Examples; Sociology; Examples; Conclusions; Glossary; Mathematical Appendix; Nondeterministic System with Singularities , Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA)Recurrence Plots; Recurrence Quantification; Determining Parameters for Nonstationary Series; Choice of Embedding; Choice of Lag; Choice of Radius; Detecting Singularities; Maxline (Liapunov exponent); Real Signal; Results; Batch Reactions; Experiments; Results; Orthogonal Vectors; Some Observations; Bibliography; Books; Book Chapters, Proceedings; Journals; Index , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-444-51613-1

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51613-8.X5000-3

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Format: 1 online resource (494 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783030023188

Note: Intro -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Chapter 1: Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change: Challenges, Opportunities and Evidence Gaps -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Scope of the Book -- 1.3 Structure and Contents of the Book -- 1.3.1 Part I: Biodiversity and Physical Health -- 1.3.2 Part II: Biodiversity, Mental Health and Spiritual Well-Being -- 1.3.3 Part III: Implications of the Biodiversity and Health Relationship -- 1.3.4 Part IV: Planning and Managing Urban Green Spaces for Biodiversity and Health in a Changing Climate -- References -- Part I: Biodiversity and Physical Health -- Chapter 2: Biodiversity, Physical Health and Climate Change: A Synthesis of Recent Evidence -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nature's Contributions to Physical Health -- 2.3 Biodiversity and Physical Health -- 2.4 Climate Change and Physical Health -- 2.5 Exploring a Subset of Interactions Through an Urban Case Study -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Climate Change and Pollen Allergies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Clinical Implications of Pollen-induced Respiratory Allergy -- 3.3 Allergenic Pollen and Epidemiology -- 3.4 Adjuvant Factors from Pollen and Impact of Environmental Factors -- 3.5 New Pollen Allergies: The Case of Ragweed -- 3.6 Climate Change Effects -- 3.7 Pollen Information Services -- 3.8 Conclusions and Future Challenges -- References -- Chapter 4: Vector-Borne Diseases -- 4.1 Triple Vulnerability: Climate Change, Biodiversity and Vector-Borne Diseases -- 4.2 Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes and Ticks -- 4.2.1 Influence of Temperature on Vector Mosquitoes and Associated Pathogens -- 4.2.2 Distributional Changes of Mosquito Vector Species -- 4.2.3 Distributional Changes of Ticks in Europe -- 4.3 Biodiversity and VBDs: The Large Unknowns. , 4.3.1 Pathogen Diversity -- 4.3.2 Vector Diversity -- 4.3.3 Host Diversity -- 4.4 How to Manage VBDs? -- 4.4.1 Chemical Insecticides -- 4.4.2 Biological Insecticides -- 4.4.3 New Genetic Tools in Vector Control -- 4.4.4 Sustainable Control Programs -- 4.5 Responses to VBDs Along with Biodiversity Loss and Climate Change -- 4.5.1 Target the Complexity -- 4.5.2 Interconnecting People and Knowledge -- 4.5.3 Policy Options -- References -- Chapter 5: The Influence of Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Factors in the Association Between Urban Green Space and Health -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Mental Health and General Health -- 5.3.2 Birth Outcome -- 5.3.3 Overweight -- 5.3.4 Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality -- 5.3.5 Green Space Metrics, Buffers and Data Used -- 5.3.6 Confounding Factors -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.4.1 Urban Green Space and Health Outcomes in Relation to Socio-demographic and Socio-economic Confounders -- 5.4.2 Implications for Urban Policy and Planning -- 5.4.3 Directions for Future Research -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Green Spaces and Child Health and Development -- 6.1 Potential Mechanisms -- 6.2 Pregnancy and Childhood as Important Windows of Vulnerability -- 6.3 Pregnancy Outcomes and Complications -- 6.4 Brain Development -- 6.5 Respiratory and Allergic Conditions -- 6.6 Cardiometabolic Risk Factors -- 6.7 Final Remarks -- References -- Part II: Biodiversity, Mental Health and Spiritual Well-being -- Chapter 7: Theoretical Foundations of Biodiversity and Mental Well-being Relationships -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Environmental Preference -- 7.2.1 Aesthetic Model of Preferences -- 7.2.2 Preference Matrix -- 7.2.2.1 Connection to Biodiversity in the Preference Matrix -- 7.2.3 Fractal Geometry and Visual Fluency -- 7.2.3.1 Connection to Biodiversity with Fractals. , 7.2.3.2 Fractal Dimension and Preference -- 7.2.3.3 Fractal Dimension and Restorative Outcomes -- 7.2.4 Biophilia Hypothesis -- 7.2.4.1 Connection to Biodiversity in the Biophilia Hypothesis -- 7.3 Theories of Restorative Environments -- 7.3.1 Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) -- 7.3.1.1 Connection to Biodiversity in the SRT -- 7.3.2 Attention Restoration Theory (ART) -- 7.3.2.1 Connection to Biodiversity in the ART -- 7.4 Ecosystem Services Cascade Model -- 7.4.1 Connection to Health and Well-being in the Ecosystem Service Cascade Model -- 7.5 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 8: Biodiversity in the Context of 'Biodiversity - Mental Health' Research -- 8.1 Key Concepts -- 8.1.1 Biodiversity -- 8.1.2 Mental Health and Well-Being -- 8.1.3 Linking Biodiversity to Mental Health: Research Questions and Conceptual Model -- 8.2 Measurement of Biodiversity -- 8.2.1 Characteristics of Nature in General -- 8.2.2 The Object to Be Assessed: The Biodiversity of What? -- 8.2.3 How to Measure Distance? -- 8.2.4 Aggregating Biodiversity Across Different Areas -- 8.2.5 Type of Access Metric -- 8.2.6 Actual Versus Perceived Biodiversity -- 8.2.7 Access Versus Exposure, and Type of Contact -- 8.2.8 Mediators, Confounders and Covariates -- 8.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9: Review of the Mental Health and Well-being Benefits of Biodiversity -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methods -- 9.2.1 Literature Review -- 9.2.2 Characteristics of the Recent Literature -- 9.2.3 Synthesis of Results -- 9.3 Results -- 9.3.1 Characteristics of the Recent Literature, Published Since Lovell et al.'s (2014) Review, Relating Biodiversity to Mental Health and Well-being -- 9.3.1.1 Spatial Scale -- 9.3.1.2 Participants -- 9.3.1.3 Theoretical Position -- 9.3.1.4 Biodiversity Assessment -- 9.3.1.5 Mental Health and Well-being Assessment. , 9.3.1.6 Type of Contact with the Biodiverse Environment -- 9.3.1.7 Moderation Analyses -- 9.3.1.8 Mediation Analyses -- 9.3.2 Synthesis of the Results from the Combined Published Literature on Biodiversity and Mental Health and Well-being Relationships -- 9.3.2.1 Pattern of Results -- Mental Health and Well-being Outcomes -- Ecosystems/Habitats -- Species Richness -- Perceived Species Richness -- Abundance of Specific Taxonomic Groups -- Single Species -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Concluding Observations -- Appendix: Search Terms Used in Web of Science -- References -- Chapter 10: Biodiversity and Spiritual Well-being -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Our Approach -- 10.1.2 Our Biases -- 10.1.3 Chapter Structure -- 10.2 Defining Spiritual Well-Being -- 10.3 Themes Within the Literature -- 10.3.1 Influence of Spiritual Traditions on Biodiversity -- 10.3.1.1 Indigenous Spiritual Beliefs and Practices -- 10.3.1.2 World Religions and Alternative Spiritualities -- 10.3.1.3 Nature Spirituality -- 10.3.2 Sacred Places as Repositories of Biodiversity -- 10.3.3 Spiritual Domain Within Ecosystem Services -- 10.3.4 Effects of Biodiversity on Spiritual Well-Being -- 10.3.4.1 Spiritual Outcomes from Wilderness Recreation -- 10.3.4.2 Heintzman's Model Connecting Nature-Based Recreation and Spirituality -- 10.3.4.3 Setting Component -- 10.3.4.4 Parallel Measurement of Biodiversity and Spiritual Well-Being -- 10.4 Discussion -- 10.4.1 Conceptualising Relationships -- 10.4.2 Measurement of Key Constructs -- 10.4.2.1 Spiritual Well-Being -- 10.4.2.2 Measuring Biodiversity -- 10.4.3 Future Directions for Research on Biodiversity's Effect on Spiritual Well-Being -- 10.5 Implications and Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Implications of the Biodiversity and Health Relationship. , Chapter 11: Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change: Implications for Public Health -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Chapter Overview -- 11.2 Overview of Associations Between Public Health and Biodiversity -- 11.2.1 Food, Nutrition and Clean Water Supply -- 11.2.2 Environmental Stress -- 11.2.3 Aesthetic Appreciation and Spiritual Well-being -- 11.2.4 Socio-cultural Well-being -- 11.2.5 Health Behaviour Including the Promotion of Physical Activity -- 11.2.6 Mental Health -- 11.2.7 Physical Health - Infectious Disease (Disease/Pathogen Reduction) -- 11.2.8 Physical Health - Non-Communicable Disease -- 11.3 The Role of Public Health in Lobbying for Protecting Biodiversity -- 11.4 Public Health Action at a Local Level -- 11.4.1 Towards an Emerging Salutogenic Paradigm? -- 11.5 Use of Biodiverse Natural Environments to Reduce Inequalities in Health -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Biodiversity and Health: Implications for Conservation -- 12.1 Green Spaces Managed Primarily for People -- 12.2 Green Spaces Managed Primarily for Biodiversity -- 12.3 Moving Forward with Green Spaces Planned for Both People and Biodiversity -- 12.4 Experiencing Nature to Promote Conservation -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Supporting Behavioural Entrepreneurs: Using the Biodiversity-Health Relationship to Help Citizens Self-Initiate Sustainability Behaviour -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 New Biophysical Context -- 13.2.1 Surplus Energy Decline -- 13.2.2 Climate Disruption -- 13.3 New Behavioural Context -- 13.3.1 A Predicament, Not a Problem -- 13.3.2 Changing Multiple Behaviours -- 13.3.3 Cannot Know the Behaviours Needed -- 13.4 New Form of Intervention -- 13.4.1 Small Experiments -- 13.4.2 Behavioural Entrepreneurship -- 13.5 Capacities-First Approach -- 13.5.1 Needed Future Capacities -- 13.5.2 Supporting Capacity Building. , 13.6 Conclusion.

Additional Edition: Print version: Marselle, Melissa R. Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2019 ISBN 9783030023171

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Subjects: Physics , Biology , Sociology

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Series Statement: Soziale Bewegung und Protest Ser. ; v.2

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abstract -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Theoretical Starting Point and Research Question -- Analytical Framework -- Research Design, Case Selection and Main Findings -- Basic Assumptions and Normative Relevance -- My Contributions -- 1 Human Rights Accountability as a minimum threshold of MDB Legitimacy -- 1.1 Multilateral Development Banks - A Definition -- 1.2 The Growing Responsibilities of Multilateral Development Banks -- 1.3 Conceptions of Accountability -- 1.4 Human Rights as the relevant Standard of Accountability -- 1.4.1 Human Rights as the Protection of Basic Human Interests -- 1.4.2 Legal Arguments for the Human Rights Obligations of MDBs -- 1.4.3 MDB Obligations in light of larger Empirical Trends in Global Governance -- 2 Transnational Social Movements as agents of change in World Politics -- 2.1 Transnational Social Movements - A Definition -- 2.2 The Transnationalization of Social Movement Activity -- 2.3 Social Movement Tactics -- 2.4 Socialization and the Outcomes of Social Movements -- 3 Analytical Framework -- 3.1 MDB Socialization through Human Rights Accountability -- 3.2 Scope Conditions of Movement Influence -- 3.2.1 Properties of the actor seeking change -- 3.2.2 Properties of the targeted organization -- 3.2.3 Properties of the issue -- 3.2.4 Properties of the discursive opportunity structure -- 3.3 Counter Mobilization as continuous MDB - TSM interaction -- 3.4 Two Logics of Action and Organizational Change -- 3.5 A Causal Mechanism of Movement influence -- 3.5.1 The Power of Disruptive Tactics (Part I) -- 3.5.2 The Power of Conventional Tactics (Part II) -- 3.5.3 Member State Incentives, Sanctions and Coercion (Part III) -- 4 Research Design -- 4.1 Process-Tracing: Uncovering Causal Mechanisms -- 4.1.1 Underlying understandings of causality. , 4.1.2 Theory Testing Process Tracing -- 4.1.3 Methodological Limitations -- 4.1.4 Process Tracing in Comparative Case Study Designs -- 4.2 Case Selection -- 4.3 Operationalization -- 4.3.1 Socialization Outcome: Human Rights Accountability -- 4.3.2 The Cause: Joint Transnational Social Movement Activism -- 4.3.3 Disruptive Movement Tactics towards the MDB (Part 1) -- 4.3.4 Conventional Tactics toward Member States (Part 2) -- 4.3.5 Member State Incentives Toward the MDB (Part 3) -- 4.3.6 Rules of Aggregation -- 4.4 Data Collection and Analysis -- 4.4.1 Data Collection -- 4.4.2 Data Analysis -- 5 Human Rights Accountability at the World Bank -- 5.1 The World Bank - A short introduction -- 5.2 Human Rights and Transparency in World Bank "Safeguards" -- 5.3 Sanctions in cases of non‐compliance: The World Bank Inspection Panel -- 5.4 Summary of Case Study Outcomes -- 6 Case 1: A Revolution of World Bank Accountability (1988 - 1994) -- 6.1 Cause: Joint Transnational Social Movement activity -- 6.2 Part 1: Disruptive TSM tactics causing MDB Crisis -- 63. Part 2: Conventional TSM tactics through the state channel -- 6.4 Part 3: Member states incentivize MDB reform -- 6.5 Socialization Outcome: Comprehensive Human Rights Accountability -- 7 Case 2: The Dilution of World Bank -- 7.1 Cause: Joint Transnational Social Movement activity -- 7.2 Part 1: Disruptive TSM tactics causing MDB crisis -- 7.3 Part 2: Conventional TSM tactics through the state channel -- 7.4 Interruption and breakdown of the Mechanism -- 7.5 Outcome: The Dilution of World Bank Safeguards -- 7.5.1 Obligation and Scope 1 -- 7.5.2 Precision -- 7.5.3 Delegation and Scope II -- 8 Analysis -- 8.1 Similar Movement Activities and Scope Conditions -- 8.2 Counter Mobilization by the World Bank Bureaucracy -- 8.3 Contested Multilateralism and the rise of China in Development Cooperation. , 8.4 Wag the Dog - The Quiescence of Liberal Member States -- Conclusion -- Theoretical Implications -- Policy and Strategy Implications for Transnational Social Movements -- Liberal Democratic Mobilization and the End of U.S. Hegemony -- Engaging China -- Bolster Strong Regional Networks -- Engaging MDB Bureaucracies -- Limitations and Future Research -- References -- Appendix: List of Interviewees and Background Conversations.

Additional Edition: Print version: Schettler, Leon Valentin Socializing Development Bielefeld : Transcript Verlag,c2020

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Subjects: Sociology

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Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 The Global-DEP: A Research Programme to Promote Sustainability of Dryland Social-Ecological Systems -- 1.1 An Overview of Drylands and SDGs -- 1.2 Recent Developments in Dryland SES Research -- 1.3 Global-DEP and Its Conceptual Framework -- 1.4 Research Themes and Priorities -- 1.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part I Thematic Issues of Dryland SESs -- 2 Dryland Dynamics and Driving Forces -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Peculiar Dryland Land Cover and Changes -- 2.2.1 Vegetation Pattern and Changes -- 2.2.2 Biocrust and Changes -- 2.2.3 Photovoltaic Black Surfaces -- 2.3 Dryland Water Availability and Changes -- 2.3.1 Plant Water Utilization Strategy -- 2.3.2 Nonrainfall Water -- 2.3.3 Water Availability -- 2.3.4 Hydrological Impacts of Land-Use Change -- 2.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Changes -- 2.4.1 Climate Change -- 2.4.2 Agricultural Development -- 2.4.3 Urbanization -- 2.4.4 Population Increase and Poverty Alleviation -- 2.5 Prediction of Dryland Changes -- 2.6 Perspective -- References -- 3 Structure, Functions, and Interactions of Dryland Ecosystems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Dryland Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 3.2.1 Dryland Ecosystem Structure -- 3.2.2 Dryland Ecosystem Functions -- 3.2.3 Structure-Functions Interactions in Dryland Ecosystems -- 3.3 Structure-Function Interactions Driven by Global Change -- 3.3.1 Structure-Function Interactions Along Aridity Gradients -- 3.3.2 Responses and Feedback of Dryland Ecosystem to Climate Change -- 3.3.3 The Geographical Diversity of the EvolutionTrajectory of Dryland -- 3.4 Stability and Resilience of Dryland Ecosystem and Implications for Restoration -- 3.4.1 Ecosystem Stability and Resilience in Drylands -- 3.4.2 Mechanisms of Maintaining Resilience and Stability. , 3.4.3 Ecological Restoration of Dryland for SES Sustainability -- 3.4.4 Ecosystem Management and Structure-Function Inter Action in Drylands -- 3.5 Mechanism for Regime Shifts in Dryland SESs -- 3.5.1 Overview of the Regime Shift and Its Impact on SESs -- 3.5.2 Approach and Indicators for Early Warning of Regime Shifts -- 3.5.3 Prediction Models in Sustainable SESs -- 3.6 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 4 Dryland Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing in a Changing Environment and Society -- 4.1 Background and Significance of the Theme -- 4.2 Quantifying Dryland ESs in the Changing Environment -- 4.2.1 Biophysical Modeling of ESs at Multiple Scales -- 4.2.2 ES Valuation: More Than Monetary Value -- 4.2.3 Drivers and Scenarios -- 4.3 Interactions Among ESs -- 4.3.1 ES Trade-Offs -- 4.3.2 ES Demand and ES Flow -- 4.4 Contributions of ESs to HWB -- 4.4.1 Mediating Factors from ESs to HWB -- 4.4.2 Quantifying the ES-HWB Relations -- 4.5 Landscape Optimization for ESs -- 4.5.1 Spatial Resilience -- 4.5.2 Landscape Optimization -- 4.6 Ecological Compensation and Payment for ESs -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Livelihoods in Drylands -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Research Background -- 5.1.2 Research Progress -- 5.1.3 Challenges to Livelihoods in Drylands -- 5.2 Building Adaptability and Livelihood Resilience -- 5.2.1 Ecological Capacity of Livelihood in Drylands -- 5.2.2 Impact of Climate Change on Dryland Livelihoods -- 5.2.3 Strategies to Enhance Livelihood Capital -- 5.3 Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Livelihoods -- 5.3.1 Evaluation and Priorities for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- 5.3.2 Principle of Ecosystem Management -- 5.3.3 Case Studies and Pathway Exploration -- 5.4 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part II Dryland SESs in Different Regions. , 6 Socioeconomic and Environmental Changes in Global Drylands -- 6.1 Changes of the Socioeconomic System in Drylands -- 6.1.1 Human Population and Its Regional Variation -- 6.1.2 Net-Migration in Dryland Regions -- 6.1.3 Projected Population Growth -- 6.1.4 Economic Development in Drylands -- 6.2 Changes in Dryland Ecosystems -- 6.2.1 Vegetation Greenness -- 6.2.2 Land Cover Change -- 6.3 Changes in Ecosystem Functions in Drylands -- 6.3.1 Ecosystem Productivity -- 6.3.2 Carbon Sink -- 6.3.3 Carbon-Water Coupling -- 6.4 Changes in Hydrological Regimes -- 6.5 Vulnerability of Dryland Ecosystem and Human -- 6.5.1 Resistance and Resilience of Dryland Ecosystems -- 6.5.2 Water Scarcity of the Dryland Socio-economic System -- References -- 7 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Central Asia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Major Characteristics of Dryland SESs in Central Asia -- 7.2.1 Distribution of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.2.2 Climate, Soils, Land Use/Land Cover, and Water Resources in Central Asia -- 7.2.3 Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 7.2.4 Dryland SES Development in Central Asia -- 7.3 Changes of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover Change -- 7.3.2 Land Degradation and Desertification -- 7.3.3 Dynamics of Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 7.3.4 Changes in Ecosystem Service Values and Human Well-Being -- 7.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Changes -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Events -- 7.4.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 7.4.3 Interactions Among Different Drivers -- 7.5 Ecosystem Management of Central Asia -- 7.5.1 Ecosystem Networks in Central Asia -- 7.5.2 Aral Sea Crisis -- 7.5.3 Response Measures to Aral Sea Crisis -- 7.5.4 Conservation and Effective Practices of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.6 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 8 Dryland Dynamics in the Mediterranean Region -- 8.1 Background. , 8.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in the Region -- 8.2.1 Climate and Distribution of Drylands -- 8.2.2 Land Cover and Land Use -- 8.2.3 Land Degradation and Its Signal -- 8.2.4 Shrub Encroachment -- 8.2.5 Loss of Biological Soil Crust -- 8.2.6 Social and Economic Development -- 8.3 Change in Drylands in the Region -- 8.3.1 Climate Change -- 8.3.2 NPP Change Trends -- 8.3.3 Land Cover and Vegetation Changes -- 8.3.4 Crop Structure and Food Production Per Capita Change -- 8.3.5 Water Resource Analysis -- 8.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change -- 8.4.1 Climate Change -- 8.4.2 Anthropogenic Drivers -- 8.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 9 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Africa -- 9.1 Drylands and Socio-ecological Systems in Africa -- 9.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands and DSESs in Africa -- 9.2.1 African Dryland Distribution -- 9.2.2 Climate, Soil, Land Uses, and Land Degradation -- 9.2.3 Water Resources -- 9.2.4 Understanding Dryland Biodiversity as a Basis for Ecosystem Services in Africa -- 9.2.5 Socio-economic Development Indicators -- 9.3 Changing Aspects of African Drylands -- 9.3.1 Dryland Dynamics in the Past Decades -- 9.3.2 Structure and Functions -- 9.3.3 Ecosystem Services, Human Well-Being, and Resilience -- 9.3.4 Livelihoods and Food Security of Local Communities -- 9.3.5 Dryland Conservation and Effective Practices -- 9.3.6 Dryland Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for Sustainable Management -- 9.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change -- 9.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Events -- 9.4.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 9.4.3 Wildfires -- 9.4.4 Resource Conflicts in African Arid and Semi-arid Areas -- 9.4.5 Interactions Among Different Drivers -- 9.4.6 Research and Technology Gaps in African Arid Ecology -- 9.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 10 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Americas -- 10.1 Introduction. , 10.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in the Region -- 10.2.1 Dryland Distribution -- 10.2.2 Dryland Ecology and Biogeographical Characters -- 10.2.3 Disturbance and Degradation -- 10.2.4 Dryland Livelihoods -- 10.2.5 The Economy of the Drylands in Americas -- 10.3 Change and Driving Factor of Drylands in Americas -- 10.3.1 Dryland Climate Trends -- 10.3.2 Land Cover Change and the Driving Force -- 10.3.3 Vegetation Structure/Function Changes and the Driving Factor -- 10.3.4 Carbon Dynamic and Nitrogen Dynamics -- 10.4 Managing Drylands in Americas: Challenges and Opportunities -- 10.4.1 Major Issues in Managing Drylands in Americas -- 10.4.2 Sustainable Managing Drylands: Conservation Agriculture, Husbandry, and National Park System -- References -- 11 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Major Characteristics of Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.2.1 Climate Conditions -- 11.2.2 Soil and Topography -- 11.2.3 Land Use/Cover in Dryland Regions in Australia -- 11.2.4 Socioeconomic Factors -- 11.3 Changes in Ecosystem Structures -- 11.4 Changes in Ecosystem Services -- 11.5 Driving Forces of Change in Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.5.1 Climate Trend -- 11.5.2 Changes in Extreme Climate Events -- 11.5.3 Dynamics of Fire Disturbance -- 11.5.4 Ecosystem Management -- 11.5.5 Social and Economic Development -- 11.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 12 Structure and Functioning of China's Dryland Ecosystems in a Changing Environment -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in China -- 12.2.1 Distribution and Landforms -- 12.2.2 Climate, Soil, Land Uses, and Land Degradation -- 12.2.3 Social and Economic Development -- 12.3 Changes to Drylands in China -- 12.3.1 Structure and Functions -- 12.3.2 Ecosystem Services -- 12.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change. , 12.4.1 Climate Change.

Additional Edition: Print version: Fu, Bojie Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments Singapore : Springer,c2024 ISBN 9789819993741

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Series Statement: International Political Economy Series

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 The Political Economy of Central Asian Law: A Law and Society Analysis -- Introduction: Law, Society, and Governance in Central Asia -- The Volume and Structure -- Part I: International Norms and Actors -- Part II: Domestic Institutions and Legal Environments -- Part III: Meso- and Micro-Level Business Actors, Informal Institutions, and Norms -- References -- Part I International Norms and Actors -- 2 The International Anticorruption Agenda, Legal Culture, and Business Environment in Uzbekistan -- Introduction -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Framework -- Multilevel Governance Framework -- Collective Action Approach -- Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index and Its Implications for the Business and Investment Climates in Uzbekistan -- Trust and the Changing Legal Culture -- Anticorruption Reviews of Legal Acts as a Preventive Measure against Legal Corruption -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Perspectives on Introducing Corporate Criminal Liability for the Crime of Bribery in Uzbekistan -- Introduction -- Part I: Bribery in the Private Sector -- Causes and Effects -- Conceptualising Bribery and Corruption in the Uzbek Socio-Legal Context -- Methodological Considerations -- Concept of Corporate Criminal Liability -- How Does Corporate Criminal Liability Work? -- Part II: The Current State of Regulation for Corruption and Bribery in Uzbekistan -- Empirical Findings: Cases and Interviews with Representatives from the Retail and Constructions Sectors -- Part III: The Relevancy of Corporate Criminal Liability in Uzbekistan -- Why Administrative Liability Is Insufficient -- Which Mode of Corporate Criminal Liability Could Work in the Context of Uzbekistan? -- What Kinds of Challenges Might Arise? -- Conclusions. , References -- 4 International Organisations and Norm Diffusion: The Case of UNODC in Central Asia -- Introduction -- Understanding Norm Diffusion and the Role of International Organisations -- UNODC, Its Mandate, and Activities -- UNODC and the Diffusion of Norms and Standards in Central Asia -- Is 'the Shanghai Spirit' Contesting UNODC Norm Diffusion? -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Regionalisation of International Initiatives: Case Study of the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG) -- Introduction -- Background and Literature Review -- The Legal Status of FATF -- International Financial Regulation Under FATF -- The Theoretical Framework -- Methodology -- The Eurasian Group -- Structure -- Governance Structure (Political Society in EAG) -- Civil Society (Civil Society in EAG) -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Part II Domestic Institutions and Legal Environment -- 6 Mapping Institutional Resilience: Locating Regulatory and Growth Frameworks in Central Asia -- Introduction -- Premise -- The Concept of Resilience in the Economics of Development -- Economic Resilience Through Regulation -- Methodology -- The Nexus Between Regulatory Framework and Regulatory Implementation -- Concentration of Power and a 'Top-Down' Decision-Making Approach -- Interagency Communications and the Coordination of Regulatory Implementation -- Resource Constraints in the Public Sector -- Poor Compliance and Adherence to Regulations -- Non-independent and Biased Judiciary -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Understanding the Legal Culture in Uzbekistan Through an Analysis of Business Disputes in Economic Courts -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Socio-Legal Approaches to the Legal Culture and Legal Consciousness -- Legal Culture and Consciousness in Uzbekistan -- The Current Status of Legal Literacy in Uzbekistan. , Current Status of Economic Dispute Settlement: Mediation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, and Court Procedures -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Promises and Commitments: The Role of Fair and Equitable Provisions and Local Foreign Direct Investment Law and Regulations in Generating Legitimate Expectations -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Research Questions -- Methodology -- Legitimate Expectations -- Legitimate Expectations in Recent Investment Arbitration -- Direct Legitimate Expectations -- The Regulatory Framework for Indirect Legitimate Expectation and the General Application of the Law -- Legitimate Expectations in Uzbekistan -- Current Foreign Direct Investment law and Regulations in Uzbekistan -- Legitimate Expectations in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) -- Uzbekistan Cases in Investment Arbitration -- Socio-Legal Analysis of Legitimate Expectations -- Three Conceptions from the Focus Groups Discussions -- Recommendations -- Recommendations for Generating Legitimate Indirect Expectations -- Recommendations for Generating Direct Legitimate Expectations -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Taxation in the Digital Economy in Uzbekistan -- Introduction -- Research Aim -- Hypothesis -- Research Questions -- Methodology -- Literature Review -- Central Asia: Digital service tax obligations of non-residents in Central Asia (VAT and DST) -- Law-in-Books: Uzbekistan's Digital Taxation Legislation -- Location of Digital Services -- Defining Digital Services -- Collecting VAT Through Digital Services -- Law-in-Action: Regulation of Digital Businesses and Taxation in Uzbekistan -- Identification of Non-resident Businesses Subject to VAT -- Identification of Digital Services Subject to VAT -- Is VAT the Best Way to Tax Digital Services in Uzbekistan? -- Going Forward Under the Ever-expanding Digitalisation of the Economy and Society -- Conclusions. , References -- Part III Meso-and Micro-Level Business Actors, Informal Institutions and Norms -- 10 The Legal Issues of Opening and Running Gastronomic Entrepreneurships in Kazakhstan: A Case Study from the City of Taldykorgan -- Introduction -- Review of the Relevant Literature -- Materials and Methods -- 'Law-in-Books': Entrepreneurial legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan -- 'Law-in-Action': Is It Easy to Open and Run a Gastronomic Business in Kazakhstan? -- Discussion and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Connectedness and Inequitable Access to Formal Financing in Uzbekistan -- Introduction -- Why Enterprise Access to Bank Financing Matters for Growth -- Factors Affecting the Inequitable Distribution of Bank Financing -- Institutions, Informality, and the Allocation of Bank Financing in Uzbekistan -- Enterprise Access to Formal Financing: Some Additional Factors -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Kusturizatsia and Dolya: Business-makingscapes and Interethnic Patronage Networks in Kyrgyzstan -- Introduction -- Sociopolitical Background -- Ethnic minorities and business-making -- Searching for Security, Part I: Countering Suyun Ömürzakov's 'Mafia' Network -- Searching for Security, Part II: Countering Corruption Through 'Dolya' (Share) -- Japarov's Governance: Kusturizatsia and Corruption -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 13 Women and Bazaars: Gendering Entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan -- Introduction -- Notes on Methods, Fieldwork, and Positionality -- Theoretical Framework -- Setting the Scene: Contextualising and Gendering the Bazaars in Uzbekistan -- Tirikchilik as a Survival Strategy: Transformations in Women's Identities and Gender Dynamics in Uzbekistan's Bazaars -- Shifting Attitudes of and towards Women in Bazaars -- Bazaars as Gendered Spaces -- Navigating Gender Norms: The Complex Role of Headscarves and Ties in Bazaars. , Double Burden: An Ambivalent Struggle for Survival and Freedom -- Conclusions -- References.

Additional Edition: Print version: Urinboyev, Rustamjon The Political Economy of Central Asian Law Cham : Palgrave Macmillan,c2024 ISBN 9783031553400

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Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789819744923

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Energy-Saving Theory, Technology, and Double Carbon Target -- 1.1 Energy Efficiency Is the Number One Fuel -- 1.2 Energy Saving Is One of the Important Purposes of Electrical Control -- 1.3 Energy Saving Needs Are Everywhere -- 1.3.1 Single Device Energy Saving -- 1.3.2 Multi-unit System Energy Saving -- 1.4 R& -- D Overview of Energy Efficiency Optimization -- 1.5 Problems of Existing Energy Efficiency Optimization Methods -- 1.6 Quantum Optimization Method and Energy Efficiency Prediction Theory -- References -- 2 Energy Conversion and Overall Energy Efficiency -- 2.1 Energy Form of the Power Station -- 2.1.1 Convert Potential Energy to Electrical Energy -- 2.1.2 Convert Heat Energy to Electricity -- 2.1.3 Wind Power Hydrogen Production System -- 2.2 Power Dispatch and Distribution -- 2.2.1 Power Distribution -- 2.2.2 Power Dispatch -- 2.3 Energy Consumption System -- 2.3.1 Gaining Potential Energy -- 2.3.2 Provide Pressure Energy -- 2.3.3 Provide Cold and Heat Energy -- 2.3.4 Motion System -- 2.3.5 Manpower Scheduling -- 2.4 Overall Energy Efficiency and Weighted Energy Efficiency -- 2.5 Efficiency Function -- 2.6 Unification of Optimization of Power Generation and Energy Consumption -- 2.7 Not Working Is Different from Shutting Down -- 3 Overall Structure and Fieldbus of Energy Saving Control System -- 3.1 The Four Components of the Energy-Saving Control System -- 3.2 Several Structures of Energy-Saving Control System -- 3.2.1 Single Controller Structure -- 3.2.2 Multi-Controller Structure -- 3.3 The Four Key Points of Industrial Bus and Industrial Ethernet Applications -- 4 Commonly Used Energy Parameter Sensors -- 4.1 Liquid, Gas Pressure Sensor and Liquid Level Sensor -- 4.2 Temperature Sensor -- 4.3 Flow Sensor -- 4.4 Force Sensor -- 4.5 Speed Sensor. , 4.6 Torque and Speed Torque Compound Sensor -- 4.7 Voltage Transmitter -- 4.8 Current Transducer -- 4.9 Power Factor Transmitter and Supply Power Transmitter -- 5 Valves and Clutches Commonly Used in Energy-Saving Systems -- 5.1 Magnetic Powder Clutch and Magnetic Powder Brake -- 5.2 Electromagnetic Clutch and Electromagnetic Brake -- 5.3 Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Valve -- 5.4 Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve -- 5.5 Electro-Hydraulic Digital Valve -- 5.6 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Directional Solenoid Valves -- 5.7 Solenoid Valve and Pneumatic Valve -- 5.8 Electric Regulating Valve and Pneumatic Regulating Valve -- 5.9 Electric/Pneumatic Converter -- 5.10 Self-operated Regulating Valve -- 5.11 Relays and Contactors -- 5.12 Other Electric Devices -- 6 Most Commonly Used Actuator-Motor -- 6.1 Three-Phase AC Motor -- 6.1.1 Basic Principle of Three-Phase AC Asynchronous Motor -- 6.1.2 Several External and Internal Wiring Methods of Three-Phase AC Motors -- 6.1.3 Calculation of Rated Torque of Three-Phase AC Motor -- 6.1.4 Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous AC Motor -- 6.1.5 Three-Phase AC Synchronous Motor -- 6.1.6 Three-Phase AC Asynchronous Motor with Wound Rotor -- 6.1.7 Three-Phase Frequency Conversion Speed Regulation Motor -- 6.2 Single-Phase AC Motors -- 6.3 DC Motors -- 6.4 Brushless DC Motor -- 6.5 Stepping Motors -- 6.6 Servo Motor -- 6.7 Linear Motors -- 6.8 Switched Reluctance Motors -- 6.9 Power Supply Voltage and Operating Voltage of Electrical Device -- 6.9.1 Power Supply and Structure in the United States -- 6.9.2 Design Working Voltage of Electrical Device -- 6.9.3 Power Sockets -- 6.9.4 Power Supply and Structure in China -- 7 Speed Regulation Method in Energy Saving System -- 7.1 Electromagnetic Slip Clutch -- 7.2 Hydraulic Coupling -- 7.3 Fluid Viscous Clutch -- 7.4 Mechanical Governor. , 7.5 Stepper Motor and Stepper Motor Driver -- 7.6 AC Servo Motor Driver -- 7.7 Speed Regulation Method of DC Motor -- 7.8 Rotational Speed of AC Motors -- 7.9 Efficiency of AC Motors -- 7.10 Speed Regulation Method of AC Motor -- 7.10.1 The Speed Regulation Method of Changing the Number of Pairs of Poles -- 7.10.2 Nine Speed Regulation Methods to Change the Slip S -- 7.10.3 Speed Regulation Method of Changing the Frequency -- 8 Simple Usage Method of Frequency Converter and Expanding Knowledge -- 8.1 Basic Usage of Inverter -- 8.1.1 Selection of Inverter -- 8.1.2 Main Power and Control Wiring of Inverter -- 8.1.3 Basic Parameter Setting of Frequency Converter -- 8.1.4 Outline of Frequency Converter -- 8.2 Basic Usage of ABB Inverter -- 8.2.1 Purpose -- 8.2.2 Essentials to Master -- 8.2.3 Inverter Appearance -- 8.2.4 Inverter Model -- 8.2.5 Inverter Wiring and Floating Networks -- 8.2.6 Parameter Setting -- 8.2.7 Other Notes -- 8.3 The Principle of Frequency Converter (Beginners Do not Need to Master) -- 8.3.1 Main Circuit Structure of General Frequency Converter -- 8.3.2 Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Mode and Implementation -- 8.3.3 V/F Control of Frequency Converter -- 8.3.4 Vector Control of Inverter -- 8.3.5 Direct Torque Control of Frequency Converter -- 8.4 Expansion of Inverter Application (Beginners Do Not Need to Master) -- 8.4.1 Harmonics of Frequency Converter and Countermeasures -- 8.4.2 Estimation of Input and Output Reactors -- 8.4.3 Heat Dissipation and Reactive Power Compensation of the Frequency Converter -- 8.4.4 Calculation and Estimation of Braking Resistor -- 9 Controllers Used in Energy-Saving Control Systems-PLC -- 9.1 Simple Way to Get Started with Modular PLC -- 9.2 Getting Started with PLC Programming-Ladder Diagram -- 9.2.1 "AND" -- 9.2.2 "OR" -- 9.2.3 "Output" -- 9.2.4 "Set" -- 9.2.5 "Reset". , 9.2.6 Data Transfer "MOV" -- 9.2.7 "ADD" -- 9.2.8 "SUB" -- 9.2.9 "MUL" -- 9.2.10 "DIV" -- 9.2.11 Counter C (Counter) -- 9.2.12 Timer T (Timer) -- 9.2.13 Greater Than or Equal to (≥) -- 9.2.14 Equal to (=) -- 9.2.15 Less Than (< -- ) -- 9.2.16 Greater Than (> -- ) -- 9.2.17 Less Than or Equal to (≤) -- 9.2.18 Rising Edge Action (P) -- 9.2.19 Falling Edge Action (N) -- 9.2.20 Per Second Pulse Program -- 9.2.21 PID Closed-Loop Control -- 9.3 PLC Programming Software -- 9.3.1 Module Configuration -- 9.3.2 Software Programming -- 10 Human-Machine Interface and Configuration Software -- 10.1 Basic Usage of the HMI -- 10.1.1 Main Purpose of the Human-Machine Interface -- 10.1.2 Wiring of the Man-Machine Interface -- 10.1.3 Communication Connection of HMI -- 10.1.4 Display Data -- 10.1.5 Set Data -- 10.1.6 On/off Display -- 10.1.7 On/off Control -- 10.1.8 Curve Display -- 10.1.9 Display of Bar Graph -- 10.1.10 Appearance of HMI -- 10.2 Configuration Software -- 10.2.1 Purpose of Configuration Software -- 10.2.2 General Usage of Configuration Software -- 10.2.3 Common Configuration Software -- 10.3 Quick Start of WINCC Configuration Software -- 10.3.1 Purpose -- 10.3.2 Basic Steps -- 10.3.3 Wincc Programming Software Operation and Communication Settings -- 10.3.4 Add "Variable" Connected with PLC -- 10.3.5 Adding a New Screen -- 10.3.6 Adding Static Text -- 10.3.7 Analog Value and Data Display -- 10.3.8 Output Analog and Data -- 10.3.9 Control Button -- 10.3.10 Device Run/stop Display -- 10.3.11 PC Communication Address and Running Start Screen -- 10.3.12 Techniques for Reducing the Number of Variable Tags in Configuration Software -- 11 Calculation and Selection of Motor Parameters in Automation System -- 11.1 Determination of the Rated Torque Ne of the Motor -- 11.2 Determination of Motor Speed. , 11.3 Determination of the Maximum Acceleration of the Servo Motor -- 11.4 Determination of Motor Power -- 11.5 Determination of Encoder Resolution -- 11.6 Servo Motor Inertia Ratio -- 12 Parameter Design in High-Speed High-Precision Motion Control -- 12.1 Determination of Feedforward Parameters-"Yao's Trial and Error Method" -- 12.2 A Simple Adjustment Method of PID Parameters-"Two-Four Rule" -- 12.3 "Yao's Speed up and Down Rules" of the Frequency Converter in the Speed Chain -- 12.4 The Wonderful Effect of "Virtual Axis" in Speed Synchronous Control -- 12.5 Approximate Feedforward Parameter K1 -- 13 Anti-interference and Fault Analysis of Control System -- 13.1 Anti-interference Measures -- 13.1.1 Common Mode Interference -- 13.1.2 Signal Transmission Interference by Other Means -- 13.1.3 Communication Interference -- 13.1.4 Signal Connection and Conversion Between 4-Wire Sensor and 2-Wire Sensor -- 13.1.5 Power Isolation and Sharing of Isolation Modules -- 13.1.6 Inverter Interference -- 13.1.7 Power Interference -- 13.1.8 Anti-interference of Sensor Output Signal -- 13.1.9 Digital Input of the Controller -- 13.1.10 Electrical Circuit Control Failure -- 13.2 Selection of Signal Lines and Shielding Grounding Issues -- 13.3 Failure Analysis -- 13.4 Lightning Protection Measures -- 13.5 Communication Port Crash Problem -- 14 Energy Efficiency Optimization of Multi-Unit System -- 14.1 What is a Multi-Unit System? -- 14.2 The Essence of Multi-Unit System Optimization -- 14.3 Energy Efficiency Optimization of Multi-Unit System -- 14.4 Energy Efficiency Function -- 14.5 Similar Energy Efficiency Device -- 14.6 Optimal Load Distribution Theorem of Multi-Unit System, Yao Theorem 1 -- 14.7 Optimal Switching Theorem for Multi-Unit System, Yao Theorem 2 -- 14.8 Simulation Results -- 14.9 Quantum Optimization Method and Energy Efficiency Predictive Theory. , 14.10 The Second Definition of Similar Energy Efficiency Devices.

Additional Edition: Print version: Yao, Fulai Efficient Energy-Saving Control and Optimization for Multi-Unit Systems Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2024 ISBN 9789819744916

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

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Format: 1 online resource (332 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783631909171 , 3631909179

Content: This book analyses three dimensions of the reconfiguration of European Union (EU) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) relations: The international context; the EU member states' foreign policies towards Latin America, and key issues in the EU-LAC agenda.

Note: Cover -- HalfTitle -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- The Redefinition of the EU Presence in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Introductory Discussion -- Changing circumstances and the need for a profound debate on EU-LAC relations -- The book ahead -- Part I Foreign Policies and Contextual Factors Moulding EU-LAC Relations -- Spanish Foreign Policy Towards Latin America: Time for Redefinition? -- Introduction1 -- A brief history of Spanish foreign policy towards Latin America -- Ibero-American Summits -- Current challenges and possibilities of Spanish foreign policy towards Latin America -- Conclusions and room for redefinition -- The Portuguese Foreign Policy Towards Latin America:  A Yo-Yo Approach1 -- The foreign policy's axes of the democratic Portugal -- Latin America in Portuguese foreign policy (2000-2021):  Words and deeds -- The Portuguese presidencies of the EU Council -- Portugal and Latin America: Diplomacy, economy and culture as needed -- Relations Between Germany and Latin America Through Energy Partnerships -- Introduction -- Theoretical framework -- An opportunity for German foreign energy policy in the region -- Germany and Brazil -- Germany and Mexico -- Germany and Chile -- Conclusions -- Identity and International Relations: Italian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America -- Italy-Latin America relations from the 19th century to the fascist period -- From the post-World War II years to the end of the 20th century -- Italy and Latin America in the 21st century -- Conclusions -- Brexit, UK and Latin America -- Introduction -- UK within EU Latin American policies -- UK Latin American policies pre-Brexit -- Trade continuation agreements: Brexit and the need to recast relations with Latin America. , "The more things change": Global Britain and the future of UK-Latin America relations -- Conclusion -- Brazil-EU Relations: Driver, Enabler or Negotiator for Interregionalism? -- Introduction: EU-Brazil relations across history -- From interregional to bilateral relations -- The foreign policy of Brazilian Presidents and its impact on the role of Brazil in the EU's relations with the region -- Luis Inácio da Silva (Lula): 2003-2010 -- Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016) -- Michel Temer (2016-2018) -- Jair Messias Bolsonaro (2019-2022) -- Conclusion -- Autonomy as a Foreign Policy Objective: Perspectives from Europe and Latin America -- Introduction -- The current situation of the world under a paradigm of complex interdependence -- Autonomy as a concept: European understanding -- Autonomy in Latin America -- Towards a new definition of autonomy for Latin America? -- Conclusions -- EU-LAC Relations in Times of US-China Competition -- Introduction -- The international structure in dispute -- Wake-up calls to strengthen autonomy: Old and new dependencies -- EU-LAC bi-regional cooperation to avoid international irrelevance -- Conclusion -- The Challenges of Linking with Latin America and the Caribbean Under Three Crises -- The challenges of three simultaneous crises -- The reality of regional processes: Progress, setbacks, and stagnation -- MERCOSUR -- UNASUR -- Pacific Alliance -- Andean Community of Nations (CAN) -- CELAC -- Linking Latin America and the Caribbean with the European Union -- Part II A Reinvigorated Agenda for EU-Latin America Relations -- Proposals for a Functional EU-LAC Agenda, with an Underpinning Political Design -- Digitalization -- Energy systems -- Entrepreneurship and SMEs -- Conclusion -- Rethinking EU-CELAC Interregionalism in the Digital World: Techplomacy as a Foreign Policy Instrument for Global Tech Governance -- Introduction. , EU-CELAC and digital transition -- Big tech companies, cyberspace and techplomacy -- EU-CELAC cooperation and values in a broader scenario -- Conclusions -- Decentralising Cooperation Through Regional Policy Dialogues: Exportation of the European Smart Specialization Strategy to High- and Middle-Income Latin American Countries -- Introduction -- Translating a policy idea into different national contexts -- Exporting EC regional policy to Latin America -- Bilateral and Bi-regional EU-LAC cooperation in smart specialisation -- Adaptation of the European smart specialisation strategy in Latin America -- Decentralised cooperation through Regional Policy Dialogues -- Action for Climate and Life in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Sustainable Development Goals in the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean - A Synoptic Vision -- Introduction -- Climate change and biodiversity -- Climate action -- Terrestrial ecosystem life -- Situation in the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean -- SDG 13 and SDG 15 in EU-LAC bi-regional cooperation -- Final considerations -- The Ecological and Social Transition: An Approach from the Context of the European Union -- Introduction: The origin of the concept "ecological and social transition" -- The European perspective: The European Green Deal -- The European perspective: The question of implementation -- A cultural change for an environmental turn -- Conclusion -- Towards Forward-Looking Migration Governance: The Global Compact on Migration from a Bi-regional Perspective -- The global migration governance regimes -- The 2030 Agenda and the UN Global Compact on Migration -- Climate migration and capacity-building mechanism: The United Nations Network on Migration -- Regional mechanisms on migration cooperation in Latin America: The informal dialogues on migration -- South America region. , Migration in the context of climate impacts: non-binding regional mechanisms on the protection of people displaced across borders -- Supporting legal pathways for regular migration: Temporary protection for Venezuelan migrants -- Mesoamerica region -- The EU pact on migration and asylum: Between a regional migration governance and migration pragmatism -- "Instrumentalisation" of irregular migration by State actors -- The forced displacement crisis in 2022: Temporary protection for displaced Ukrainians -- Reinforcing "legal pathways" for regular migration: Some steps -- Conclusions -- Europe in Chile: Its Influence on the New Constitutional Design -- Background -- European role in and impact on the Convention -- Conclusions -- Region-to-Region Approach: The EU and the Pacific Alliance -- Introduction -- The PA and the EU: A comparative theoretical and institutional analysis -- The co-constitution of agent-structure and collective identity building -- Emergent flexibility in action: Cross-regional mechanisms between the Pacific Alliance and the European Union -- Conclusions -- Context, Foreign Policies, Tools and Ideas: Concluding Remarks on a Continuous Reconfiguration of the EU-LAC Relation -- Two shifts in empirical observation and theoretical thinking -- Four lessons drawn from the encounter of individual foreign policies and their context -- A humble decalogue for EU-LAC relations and the bi-regional agenda.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783631909164

Additional Edition: ISBN 3631909160

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

DOI: 10.3726/b21282

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