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Format: 1 online resource (551 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-96126-0 , 9786610961269 , 0-08-047042-4

Content: Miller and Childers have focused on creating a clear presentation of foundational concepts with specific applications to signal processing and communications, clearly the two areas of most interest to students and instructors in this course. It is aimed at graduate students as well as practicing engineers, and includes unique chapters on narrowband random processes and simulation techniques. The appendices provide a refresher in such areas as linear algebra, set theory, random variables, and more. Probability and Random Processes also includes applications in digital communicat

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover; Probability and Random Processes; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Introduction; 1.1 A Speech Recognition System; 1.2 A Radar System; 1.3 A Communication Network; Chapter 2. Introduction to Probability Theory; 2.1 Experiments, Sample Spaces, and Events; 2.2 Axioms of Probability; 2.3 Assigning Probabilities; 2.4 Joint and Conditional Probabilities; 2.5 Bayes's Theorem; 2.6 Independence; 2.7 Discrete Random Variables; 2.8 Engineering Application: An Optical Communication System; Chapter 3. Random Variables, Distributions, and Density Functions , 3.1 The Cumulative Distribution Function3.2 The Probability Density Function; 3.3 The Gaussian Random Variable; 3.4 Other Important Random Variables; 3.5 Conditional Distribution and Density Functions; 3.6 Engineering Application: Reliability and Failure Rates; Chapter 4. Operations on a Single Random Variable; 4.1 Expected Value of a Random Variable; 4.2 Expected Values of Functions of Random Variables; 4.3 Moments; 4.4 Central Moments; 4.5 Conditional Expected Values; 4.6 Transformations of Random Variables; 4.7 Characteristic Functions; 4.8 Probability Generating Functions , 4.9 Moment Generating Functions4.10 Evaluating Tail Probabilities; 4.11 Engineering Application: Scalar Quantization; 4.12 Engineering Application: Entropy and Source Coding; Chapter 5. Pairs of Random Variables; 5.1 Joint Cumulative Distribution Functions; 5.2 Joint Probability Density Functions; 5.3 Joint Probability Mass Functions; 5.4 Conditional Distribution, Density, and Mass Functions; 5.5 Expected Values Involving Pairs of Random Variables; 5.6 Independent Random Variables; 5.7 Jointly Gaussian Random Variables; 5.8 Joint Characteristic and Related Functions , 5.9 Transformations of Pairs of Random Variables5.10 Complex Random Variables; 5.11 Engineering Application: Mutual Information, Channel Capacity, and Channel Coding; Chapter 6. Multiple Random Variables; 6.1 Joint and Conditional PMFs, CDFs, and PDFs; 6.2 Expectations Involving Multiple Random Variables; 6.3 Gaussian Random Variables in Multiple Dimensions; 6.4 Transformations Involving Multiple Random Variables; 6.5 Engineering Application: Linear Prediction of Speech; Chapter 7. Random Sequences and Series; 7.1 Independent and Identically Distributed Random Variables , 7.2 Convergence Modes of Random Sequences7.3 The Law of Large Numbers; 7.4 The Central Limit Theorem; 7.5 Confidence Intervals; 7.6 Random Sums of Random Variables; 7.7 Engineering Application: A Radar System; Chapter 8. Random Processes; 8.1 Definition and Classification of Processes; 8.2 Mathematical Tools for Studying Random Processes; 8.3 Stationary and Ergodic Random Processes; 8.4 Properties of the Autocorrelation Function; 8.5 Gaussian Random Processes; 8.6 Poisson Processes; 8.7 Engineering Application: Shot Noise in a p-n Junction Diode; Chapter 9. Markov Processes , 9.1 Definition and Examples of Markov Processes , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4933-0026-1

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-172651-7

Language: English

Subjects: Engineering

Keywords: Electronic books

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URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-172651-5.X5000-3

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Format: 1 online resource (251 pages)

ISBN: 981-15-8632-2

Content: This open access book provides a theoretical framework and case studies on decision science for regional sustainability by integrating the natural and social sciences. The cases discussed include solution-oriented transdisciplinary studies on the environment, disasters, health, governance and human cooperation. Based on these case studies and comprehensive reviews of relevant works, including lessons learned from past failures for predictable surprises and successes in adaptive co-management, the book provides the reader with new perspectives on how we can co-design collaborative projects with various conflicts of interest and how we can transform our society for a sustainable future. The book makes a valuable contribution to the global research initiative Future Earth, promoting transdisciplinary studies to bridge the gap between science and society in knowledge generation processes and supporting efforts to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Compared to other publications on transdisciplinary studies, this book is unique in that evolutionary biology is used as an integrator for various areas related to human decision-making, and approaches social changes as processes of adaptive learning and evolution. Given its scope, the book is highly recommended to all readers seeking an integrated overview of human decision-making in the context of social transformation.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: The Conceptual Framework of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society -- Chapter 1: Decision Science for Future Earth: A Conceptual Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Framework of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society -- 2.1 Science of IDEA Cycle, an Iterative Process of Decision-Making and Adaptive Learning -- 2.2 Relationship of the IDEA Cycle with Some Previous Concepts -- 2.3 Evolutionary Theory as a Basis of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society -- 3 Learning from Failures and Guidelines for Co-design -- 3.1 Vulnerability of Group Decision-Making -- 3.2 Predictable Surprise -- 3.2.1 Heuristics -- 3.2.2 Error Management Biases -- 3.3 Guidelines for Co-design Among Stakeholders -- 4 Learning from Successes in Local Communities -- 4.1 Seeds of a Good Anthropocene and Efforts for Adaptive Comanagement -- 4.2 Lessons Learned from Efforts for Adaptive Comanagement -- 4.3 Lessons from Transdisciplinary Projects at the Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society (IDS3) -- 4.3.1 Ecosystem Comanagement in Yakushima, Japan -- 4.3.2 Citizenship Education in an Aging Society of Tsushima, Japan -- 4.3.3 Recovery from Flood Damage in Asakura and Toho, Japan -- 4.3.4 Supporting Community Forestry in Cambodia -- 4.3.5 Development of Portable Health Clinic as Social Business in India -- 4.4 The Roles of Scientists to Drive the Evolution of Knowledge, Institutions, and Social Ties -- 5 How can We Transform Our Society Toward a Sustainable Future? -- 5.1 Promoting Participatory Process -- 5.2 Reducing Conflicts Among Groups with Different Value Systems -- 5.3 Improvement of Institutions -- 5.4 Strengthening Education and Adaptive Learning -- 5.5 Acting Based on Hope Rather than Fear for a Sustainable Future -- 5.6 Evolution of Institutions and Knowledge Toward a Sustainable Future. , References -- Part II: Lessons Learned from Trans-Disciplinary Studies in Local Communities -- Chapter 2: How Can We Develop a Co-design, Co-production, and Co-delivery Process Toward a Sustainable Local Society? Comparat... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Questions and Perspectives -- 2.1 Scale-Sensitivity -- 2.2 Can Science Transform Society for Sustainability? -- 2.3 Interdisciplinary Research -- 2.4 What Is Society? Who Are Stakeholders? -- 2.5 Taking the ``Co-design/Co-production/Co-delivery´´ Process Seriously -- 3 Problem Setting -- 4 Hypothetical Indicators -- 4.1 Gap Analysis Indicators -- 4.1.1 Stakeholding -- 4.1.2 Scaling -- 4.1.3 Framing -- 4.1.4 Priority -- 4.1.5 Accountability -- 4.1.6 Time Setting -- 4.1.7 Transition Process -- 4.2 Social Consideration Indicators -- 4.2.1 Coordination Subject -- 4.2.2 Social Sensitivity (Awareness of Societal Sensitivity) -- 4.2.3 Social Capital -- 4.2.4 Fairness/Justice -- 4.2.5 Independence/Neutrality -- 4.3 Social Evaluation Indicators -- 4.3.1 Legitimacy -- 4.3.2 How to Decide? -- 4.3.3 Who Decides, for Whom and to Whom? -- 4.3.4 Usefulness of Science -- 4.3.5 Social Sensitivity -- 4.4 Additional Factors -- 4.4.1 Personality -- 4.4.2 Integration of Scientific Research and Education -- 5 Hypothetical Timeline -- 6 Hypothetical Outline Map -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Co-design, Co-production, and Co-evaluation Processes for a Mobile Health Check-Up Research Project in Jaipur, Indi... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Portable Health Clinic (PHC) Research Project -- 2.1 Data Sources -- 2.1.1 Co-design and Co-production Processes Among KU, GC, and BGC in Phase 1 (Photo 3.1) -- 2.1.2 Co-design Process with Local Government Agencies in Phase 2 (Photo 3.2) -- 2.1.3 Co-design, Co-production, and Co-evaluation Processes with a Civil Society Organization in Phase 3 (Photo 3.3). , 2.1.4 Co-design, Co-production, and Co-evaluation Processes with Local Government Industry in Phase 4 (Photo 3.4) -- 2.1.5 Co-design, Co-production, and Co-evaluation Processes with Local Private Industry in Phase 5 (Photo 3.5) -- 2.1.6 Summary of Co-design and Co-production Processes in All Five Phases -- References -- Chapter 4: Sustainability of Micro Hydropower Generation in a Traditional Community of Indonesia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case History -- 2.1 Phase I (2015): Setting Up the Research Agenda to be Tackled (Co-design) -- 2.2 Phase II (2016): Research Framework in the Ciptagelar Village (Co-design) -- 2.3 Phase III (2017): Learning the Context of the Ciptagelar Community (Co-production) -- 2.4 Phase IV (2018): Scientific Outcomes Revealing the Sustainability Issues of MHP Plants in Ciptagelar (Co-production) -- 3 Exploring Measures to Solve the Issues -- 4 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives -- 5 Lessons Learned -- References -- Chapter 5: Conflict of Legitimacy Over Tropical Forest Lands: Lessons for Collaboration from the Case of Industrial Tree Plant... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inequality of Landholding Structure -- 3 Legal Pluralism Formed by Historical Circumstances -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 6: Sustainable Community Co-development Through Collaboration of Science and Society: Comparison of Success and Failur... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition of Local Society and Local Community -- 3 Tsushima Island -- 4 Project ``Looking for Island Treasures´´ by Local High School Students -- 4.1 Background of the Project Starting -- 4.2 Trial Experiment in the First Year -- 4.3 Development Phase in Second Year -- 4.4 Examining from the Perspective of ``Co-design/Co-production/Co-delivery´´ -- 5 Project ``Reconversion of Abandoned Farmland´´ in Consideration of Biodiversity -- 5.1 Background of the Project Planning -- 5.2 Project Start. , 5.3 Project Development -- 5.4 Lesson Learned from the Project ``Reconversion of Abandoned Farmland´´ -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Sustainable Natural Resource Management: Theory and Practice -- Chapter 7: Theoretical Models as a Tool to Derive Management Strategies for Sustainable Natural Resource Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Connecting the Understanding of Mechanism for Human Cooperation to Strategies for Cooperation in Real Setting -- 2.1 Illegal Logging Suppression -- 2.2 Model -- 2.3 Findings -- 3 Incorporating Social and Ecological Knowledge: Coupled Dynamics for Sustainable Resource Management -- 3.1 Mongolian Rangeland Management -- 3.2 Model -- 3.3 Findings -- 4 Testing Influences of New Stakeholders in Resource Use -- 4.1 Tourists and Traditional Divers in a Common Fishing Ground -- 4.2 Model -- 4.3 Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Environmental Concerns of the Pulp and Paper Industry: Focusing on Household and Sanitary Paper Products -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Survey 1: Visit and Interview APP Paper Mills -- 2.2 Survey 2: Market Survey of Household Paper Products -- 2.3 Survey 3: Interview with End Consumers -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Challenges for Major Paper Manufacturers in China -- 3.2 Difference in Market Penetration of Eco-friendly Household Paper Products in North and South China -- 3.3 University Students Value Environment More When Selecting Household Paper Products -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: Contribution of Community-Based Ecotourism to Forest Conservation and Local Livelihoods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chambok CBET -- 3 Contribution to Forest Conservation -- 4 Contribution of CBET to Household Income -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Co-designs in a Disaster Recovery Process: Case Studies in the Area Affected by the Kumamoto Earthquake. , Chapter 10: Oral Care that Supports Healthy Lives as a Case Study of the Kumamoto Earthquake -- 1 The Rapid Increase of Pneumonia After the Disaster -- 2 Pneumonia Outbreak After the Great East Japan Earthquake -- 3 The Importance of Oral Care -- 4 Oral Care Activities by Dentists and Dental Hygienists for Reducing Pneumonia Outbreak After the Kumamoto Earthquake -- 5 Mouth Breathing, Its Causes, and Adverse Effects: What People Can Do for Sustainable Health -- References -- Chapter 11: Experiences of University Student Volunteer Activities to Revitalize the Area Affected by the Kumamoto Earthquake -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Students´ Volunteer Activities After the Earthquake -- 2.1 Students´ Actions in the Early Stage After the Earthquake -- 2.2 Tokai University Students in Minami-Aso Village -- 3 Aso Fukkoheno Michi: Experiences and Problems in Activities -- 4 Involvement of the Decision Science Center of Kyushu University Project Team and Its Activities -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Data Sources -- References -- Chapter 12: Attempt to Develop High-Value Rice in the Shimojin District, Mashiki Town, Kumamoto Prefecture: Transition Into Su... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Effort for the Development of High-Quality Rice Production Before the Earthquakes: ``Winter Flooded Rice Paddy Fields´´ an... -- 2.2 Damage to Paddy Fields in the Shimojin District Caused by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes -- 3 Consensus Building Process in the Damaged Paddy Restoration in the Shimojin District: Why Did We Aim for High-Value Rice? -- 4 Shimojin Branding Rice in Practice -- 4.1 Design of an Eco-Friendly Agricultural Channel -- 5 Eco-friendly Farming Method Suitable for the Region -- 5.1 Result and Discussion -- References -- Correction to: Decision Science for Future Earth: A Conceptual Framework. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 981-15-8631-4

Language: English

Subjects: Economics

Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books.

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Format: 1 online resource (371 pages)

ISBN: 3-030-72632-0

Series Statement: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology ; v.620

Content: This open access book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 9th IFIP WG 5.5 International Precision Assembly Seminar, IPAS 2020, held virtually in December 2020. The 16 revised full papers and 10 revised short papers presented together with 1 keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address topics such as assembly design and planning; assembly operations; assembly cells and systems; human centred assembly; and assistance methods in assembly.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Keynote Paper -- Augmented Reality in Assembly Systems: State of the Art and Future Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basics on Augmented Reality -- 2.1 AR Techniques -- 2.2 AR Devices -- 2.3 AR Applications in Production Engineering -- 3 Applications in Manual Assembly Systems -- 3.1 Guidance in Assembly Tasks - Optical and Video See-Through Approaches -- 3.2 Guidance in Assembly Tasks - Image Projection Approaches -- 3.3 Guidance in Complex Assembly Tasks -- 3.4 Order Picking -- 3.5 Quality Control and Inspection -- 3.6 Integration with Sensing Devices -- 3.7 Training -- 4 Applications in Collaborative Assembly Systems -- 5 Other Potential Areas of Application -- 6 Open Issues and Future Perspectives -- 6.1 Hardware and Software Performance -- 6.2 Tracking Methods -- 6.3 User's Acceptance -- 6.4 Authoring Procedure -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Assembly Design and Planning -- Application of a Standardized Design Procedure in the Development of Automated Micro-assembly Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Function-Based Design Procedure -- 3 The Design Procedure in Practice -- 3.1 Identify Customer Needs -- 3.2 Establish Target Specifications -- 3.3 Generate Process Concepts -- 3.4 Select Process Concepts -- 3.5 Test Process Concepts -- 3.6 Specify Final Targets -- 3.7 Plan Development -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Towards the Automated Coverlay Assembly in FPCB Manufacturing: Concept and Preliminary Tests -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Assembly Approach -- 2.1 Requirements -- 2.2 Gripping -- 2.3 Peeling Strategy -- 2.4 Assembly Procedure -- 3 Assembly System Architecture -- 3.1 Workcell Description -- 3.2 Gripper Architecture -- 4 Peeling Tests -- 4.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.2 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , Resource Interface Matchmaking as a Part of Automatic Capability Matchmaking -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Capability Matchmaking Process -- 2.1 Information Models Involved -- 2.2 Overview of Capability Matchmaking Process -- 3 Interface Matching Process -- 4 Case Examples -- 4.1 Screwdriving Solution -- 4.2 Pick and Place Solution -- 5 Verification of Capability and Interface Matchmaking Results -- 6 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Investigation on the Convergence of the Genetic Algorithm of an Aerodynamic Feeding System Due to the Enlargement of the Solution Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Aerodynamic Feeding System -- 3 Implementation of the Nozzle Position as Fifth Parameter -- 4 Effect of the Nozzle Position on the Orientation Process -- 5 Convergence of the Genetic Algorithm -- 6 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Assembly Operations -- Indirect System Condition Monitoring Using Online Bayesian Changepoint Detection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Test Bench Setup -- 2.2 Data Collection from the Test Bench -- 2.3 Online Bayesian Changepoint Detection -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Strategies for Dealing with Problems in Robotised Unscrewing Operations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Automated Unscrewing Method -- 2.1 A Human-Robot Collaborative Disassembly Cell -- 2.2 Automated Unscrewing Process -- 3 Mitigating Strategies for Failure Modes -- 3.1 Strategies for Dealing with Failure Modes -- 3.2 Detection Methods for Failure Modes -- 4 Experimental Tests and Results -- 4.1 Tests and Results for Dealing with Failure Mode 1 -- 4.2 Tests and Results for Dealing with Failure Mode 2 -- 4.3 Tests and Results for Dealing with Failure Mode 3 -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Improving Automated Insertion Task in Robotics by Reducing Registration Error -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work. , 3 Description of the RRBC Method -- 4 Description of Experiments -- 4.1 Equipment -- 4.2 General Procedure and Concept of Experiments -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Failed Insertions: Uncorrected vs. Corrected Target Locations -- 5.2 Relationship Between Failures and TRE -- 5.3 Tighter Tolerances -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Disclaimer -- References -- Assembly Cells and Systems -- Development of a Sensitive Winding Application Based on a Serial Robot and Integrated Torque Sensors -- 1 Introduction and Approach of the Problem -- 2 State of the Art of the Winding Application -- 3 Process Development -- 3.1 Winding Process -- 3.2 Feedback Control System -- 3.3 Measurement Concept -- 4 Implementation and Validation -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- High-Load Titanium Drilling Using an Accurate Robotic Machining System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Accurate Robot Architecture -- 3.1 Kinematic Model -- 3.2 Spindle -- 3.3 Pressure Foot -- 3.4 Additional Sensors/Data Sources/Systems -- 3.5 Programmable Drilling Parameters -- 4 Industrial Applications -- 5 Experimental Methods -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Dynamometer Results -- 6.2 Hole Quality -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Application of Advanced Simulation Methods for the Tolerance Analysis of Mechanical Assemblies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tolerance Modelling -- 2.1 Case Study -- 2.2 Assembly Models -- 2.3 Probability of Defected Products and Limit State Function -- 3 Advanced Simulation Methods -- 3.1 Crude Monte Carlo -- 3.2 Latin Hypercube Simulation Method -- 3.3 Quasi Monte Carlo Simulation Based on Sobol' Sequence -- 3.4 Subset Simulation Method -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Development of a Low-Cost, High Accuracy, Flexible Panel Indexing Cell with Modular, Elastic Architecture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives. , 2.1 Innovative Design Methodology -- 2.2 Functional Requirements -- 2.3 Commercial and Schedule Constraints -- 2.4 Modular Architecture -- 2.5 Cost Analysis -- 3 Architecture -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 Structure -- 3.3 Drive Systems -- 3.4 Indexing -- 3.5 Metrology -- 3.6 Force Sensing Clamps -- 4 Next Steps -- References -- Context-Aware Plug and Produce for Robotic Aerospace Assembly -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Flexibility in Manufacturing Systems -- 2.1 Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems -- 2.2 Evolvable Assembly Systems, Context Awareness, and WingLIFT -- 3 Use Case -- 3.1 High-Level Use Case Motivation -- 3.2 Specific Use Case Scenarios -- 4 Reference Architecture Concept -- 4.1 Generic Process Flow -- 4.2 Architectural Concept -- 4.3 Data Communications Concept -- 4.4 Hardware/Software Stack -- 5 Validation -- 5.1 Demonstration Scenario -- 5.2 Outline Solution -- 6 Summary -- References -- Data Capture and Visualisation on a Shoestring: Demonstrating the Digital Manufacturing on a Shoestring Project -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Architecture -- 3 Demonstrator Functionality -- 3.1 Cloud Database and Visualisations -- 3.2 Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) -- 3.3 Job and Machine Status Tracking -- 3.4 Robotic Process Monitoring -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Digital Innovation Hubs for Enhancing the Technology Transfer and Digital Transformation of the European Manufacturing Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Emerging Robotics Trends -- 1.2 Ecosystems -- 1.3 Future Skills -- 2 Review of Digital Innovation Hubs in Robotics -- 3 Trinity DIH - Concept and Approach -- 3.1 Use-Case Demonstrations -- 3.2 Concept for Approaching the Industrial Partners -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Plenoptic Inspection System for Automatic Quality Control of MEMS and Microsystems -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 MEMS and Typical Defects. , 1.2 State of the Art (3D) Inspection Technology -- 2 3D Real-Time Imaging with Plenoptic Camera -- 2.1 Principle of Plenoptic Camera Technology -- 2.2 Application of Plenoptic Cameras for MEMS and Microsystems Inspection -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Human Centred Assembly -- Automated Information Supply of Worker Guidance Systems in Smart Assembly Environment -- 1 Introduction: Background and Definitions -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Worker Guidance Systems -- 2.2 Information Supply of WGS -- 3 Conceptual Design for Automated Information Supply -- 3.1 Automated Information Supply of WGS -- 3.2 Authoring Process -- 3.3 Assisting Assembly Planning -- 3.4 Creation of Instruction Information -- 3.5 Entry of Instruction Information -- 4 Technical Implementation -- 4.1 Software-Based Proof-of-Concept Demonstrator -- 4.2 Integration in TU Wien Pilot Factory Industry 4.0 -- 5 Conclusion and Future Research Agenda -- 5.1 Conclusion and Recommendations -- 5.2 Limitation and Outlook -- References -- Towards Human and Robot Collaborative Ergonomic Handling of Long Parts with a Loose Grip -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation and Approach -- 3 Handling of Long Parts -- 3.1 Tracking System -- 3.2 Grasping the Part -- 3.3 Realtime-Control of Robot -- 3.4 Safety-Constraints -- 3.5 Discussion -- 4 Ergonomic Handling of Long Parts -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Human and Workcell Event Recognition and Its Application Areas in Industrial Assembly -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Statement -- 2.1 Quality Assurance -- 2.2 Worker Assistance -- 2.3 Process Teaching and Configuration -- 3 State of the Art -- 3.1 Event Recognition -- 3.2 Object Recognition and Tracking -- 3.3 Smart Tools in Assembly Settings -- 3.4 Semantic Knowledge Representation and Processing -- 4 Methods -- 4.1 Events and Semantic Representation of Domain Knowledge. , 4.2 Conception of the Event Recognition System. , English

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Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

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Format: 1 online resource (928 pages)

ISBN: 981-15-8983-6

Series Statement: The Urban Book

Content: This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Overall Introduction -- 1.1 Defining Urban Informatics -- 1.2 The Background: The Origins of Urban Informatics -- 1.3 Structure of the Book -- 1.4 Retrospective and Prospective -- References -- Part IDimensions of Urban Science -- 2 Introduction to Urban Science -- 3 Defining Urban Science -- 3.1 A Science of Cities -- 3.2 City Systems and Systems of Cities -- 3.3 Urban Growth: Urbanization from the Bottom Up -- 3.4 Scale and Size, Networks, and Flows -- 3.5 The Development of Operational Urban Models -- 3.6 Future Directions in Urban Informatics -- References -- 4 Street View Imaging for Automated Assessments of Urban Infrastructure and Services -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Data Collection and Object Localization -- 4.3 Deriving Urban Functions from Object Statistics -- 4.4 Discussion -- References -- 5 Urban Human Dynamics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Urban Dynamics -- 5.2.1 Cellular Automata for Urban Dynamics Research -- 5.2.2 Other Urban Dynamics Approaches -- 5.3 Human Dynamics -- 5.3.1 Effects of Information and Communications Technologies on Human Dynamics -- 5.3.2 Time Geography -- 5.3.3 Big Data and Space-Time GIS for Human Dynamics Research -- 5.3.4 Some Other Examples Human Dynamics Studies -- 5.4 Urban Human Dynamics and Urban Informatics -- References -- 6 Geosmartness for Personalized and Sustainable Future Urban Mobility -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Geosmartness -- 6.3 Analyzing Urban-Mobility Patterns -- 6.3.1 Data -- 6.3.2 Computational Methods for Large-Scale Spatio-temporal Mobility-Pattern Analysis -- 6.3.3 Studies -- 6.3.4 SBB Green Class (Multi-modal and Energy-Efficient Mobility) -- 6.4 Behavioral Change and Sustainable Mobility -- 6.4.1 Motivation -- 6.4.2 Detecting and Supporting Behavioral Change -- 6.4.3 Studies -- 6.4.4 GoEco! -- 6.5 Mobile Decision Making. , 6.5.1 Mobile Eye-Tracking and Gaze-Based Interaction -- 6.5.2 Personalized Gaze-Based Decision Support -- 6.6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 7 Urban Metabolism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 History of Urban Metabolism -- 7.3 Methods of Urban Metabolism -- 7.3.1 Bottom-Up Methods -- 7.3.2 Top-Down Methods -- 7.3.3 Hybrid Methods -- 7.4 A Case Study: The Metabolism of Singapore -- 7.5 Urban Metabolism Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Spatial Economics, Urban Informatics, and Transport Accessibility -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Intellectual Context -- 8.3 Econometric Models -- 8.3.1 Isotropic Versus Hierarchical Market Linkages for Economic Mass (EM) Computation -- 8.3.2 Control Variables -- 8.3.3 Representing Spatial Spillover Effects -- 8.4 Data -- 8.5 Model Test Results -- 8.6 Discussions -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Conceptualizing the City of the Information Age -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Urban Complexity in the Age of Information and Communication Technologies -- 9.1.2 A Different Kind of City -- 9.1.3 The Smart City -- 9.1.4 Urban Informatics -- 9.2 Urban Research and Planning, Yesterday, and Tomorrow -- 9.2.1 The City as Place -- 9.2.2 The City as Node on a Network -- 9.2.3 Planning the City -- 9.3 Speculations -- 9.3.1 The Robotic Era? -- 9.3.2 The City's Epistemic Planes -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part IIUrban Systems and Applications -- 10 Introduction to Urban Systems and Applications -- 11 Characterizing Urban Mobility Patterns: A Case Study of Mexico City -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Data Collection of POIs -- 11.2.1 Parsing Algorithm -- 11.3 Spatial Distribution of POIs -- 11.3.1 Extended Radiation Model for Human Mobility -- 11.3.2 Results -- 11.4 Analyzing Human Mobility by Mode of Transportation -- 11.4.1 Detected Mobility Groups -- 11.5 Conclusions. , References -- 12 Laboratories for Research on Freight Systems and Planning -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Future Mobility Sensing, a Behavioral Laboratory -- 12.2.1 Background -- 12.2.2 FMS Architecture -- 12.2.3 Applications -- 12.3 SimMobility, a Simulation Laboratory -- 12.3.1 Background -- 12.3.2 SimMobility Architecture -- 12.3.3 Applications -- 12.4 Demonstrations -- 12.4.1 Freight-Vehicle Route-Choice Model -- 12.4.2 Quantification of Model Performance -- 12.4.3 Replication of Specific Freight and Non-Freight-Vehicle Tours -- 12.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Urban Risks and Resilience -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Risks, Exposure, and Vulnerability -- 13.3 Urban Resilience and Capacities -- 13.3.1 The Definitional Quagmire -- 13.3.2 Objects of Analysis -- 13.4 Measurement and Assessment Informatics -- 13.5 Science Informs Practice and Practice Informs Science -- 13.6 Moving Forward -- References -- 14 Urban Crime and Security -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Urban Crime -- 14.2.1 Historical Roots in Understanding Urban Crime: An Environmental Perspective -- 14.2.2 Theoretical Concepts in Environmental Criminology -- 14.3 Urban Security -- 14.3.1 Fear of Crime in Urban Areas -- 14.3.2 Implementation of Crime Prevention -- 14.4 Latest Tools in Urban Crime Analysis and Security -- 14.4.1 Crime Hotspot Mapping: From Retrospective Analysis to Prediction -- 14.4.2 Advanced Police Patrolling Strategies -- 14.5 Intelligent Data-Driven Policing -- 14.6 Summary -- References -- 15 Urban Governance -- 15.1 Transparency and City Open Data -- 15.1.1 Open Data Platforms -- 15.1.2 Open Data and Accountability -- 15.1.3 Why Are Goals Important? -- 15.1.4 Dashboards and Performance Indicators -- 15.2 Algorithmic Decision-Making -- 15.2.1 Positioning Algorithms -- 15.2.2 Challenges for Operationalizing Algorithms -- 15.3 Conclusion -- References. , 16 Urban Pollution -- 16.1 Monitoring Air Quality in Urban Areas -- 16.2 Remote Sensing of the Urban Heat Island -- 16.2.1 Spatial Resolution of Satellite Sensors Related to Scales of Urban Climate -- 16.2.2 Relationship Between Surface Temperature and Air Temperature -- 16.2.3 Time of Imaging in Relation to Heat Island Maximum -- 16.2.4 Anisotropy of the Satellite View -- 16.2.5 The Need for Emissivity and Atmospheric Correction -- 16.3 Monitoring Water Quality Along Urban Coastlines -- References -- 17 Urban Health and Wellbeing -- 17.1 Smart Cities and Health -- 17.2 Data -- 17.2.1 Big Data -- 17.2.2 Individual and Population Data -- 17.2.3 Environmental Data -- 17.3 Methods and Techniques -- 17.4 BERTHA Studies -- 17.4.1 AirGIS -- 17.4.2 Personalized Tracking and Sensing -- 17.4.3 Personalized Air-Pollution Sensors -- 17.4.4 Mental Health -- 17.4.5 Physical Activity -- 17.4.6 Danish Blood-Donor Study -- 17.5 Privacy -- 17.6 Conclusions -- References -- 18 Urban Energy Systems: Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Population and Land Use -- 18.2.1 Big Data and GeoAI to Create Population and Land-Use Data -- 18.2.2 Estimating Urban Electricity Use in Data-Poor Regions -- 18.2.3 Estimating Household-Level Energy Consumption -- 18.3 Sustainable Mobility -- 18.3.1 Human Interactions with Transportation Systems -- 18.3.2 Emerging Options for Freight Delivery for Businesses -- 18.4 Energy-Water Nexus -- 18.5 Urban Resiliency -- 18.5.1 Renewable Energy-Infrastructure Assessment -- 18.5.2 Optimizing Energy and Safety Through Precision De-icing -- 18.6 Situational Awareness of National Energy Infrastructure -- 18.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part IIIUrban Sensing -- 19 Introduction to Urban Sensing -- 20 Optical Remote Sensing -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 History of Optical Remote Sensing. , 20.3 Latest Developments in Optical Remote Sensing -- 20.3.1 Introduction to Representative Optical Satellite Sensors -- 20.4 Processing of Remote Sensing Satellite Images -- 20.4.1 Image Pre-processing -- 20.4.2 Image Processing -- 20.4.3 Image Post-Processing -- 20.5 Applications of Optical Remote Sensing -- 20.5.1 Land-Use and Land-Cover Mapping -- 20.5.2 Urban Vegetation Phenology -- 20.5.3 Urban Heat Island Mapping -- 20.5.4 Rock Outcrops Identification -- 20.6 Summary -- References -- 21 Urban Sensing with Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar -- 21.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar -- 21.2 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar -- 21.3 Multi-temporal InSAR (MTInSAR) -- 21.4 Applications in Urban Areas -- 21.4.1 Construction of Fine Resolution DEM -- 21.4.2 Subsidence Measurement -- 21.4.3 Monitoring Stability of Infrastructures -- 21.5 Summary -- References -- 22 Airborne LiDAR for Detection and Characterization of Urban Objects and Traffic Dynamics -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Detection of Urban Objects with ALS and Co-registered Imagery -- 22.2.1 General Strategy -- 22.2.2 Feature Derivation -- 22.2.3 AdaBoost Classification -- 22.3 Detection of Urban Traffic Dynamics with ALS Data -- 22.3.1 Artifacts Effect of Vehicle Motion in ALS Data -- 22.3.2 Detection of Moving Vehicles -- 22.3.3 Concept for Vehicle Velocity Estimation with ALS Data -- 22.4 Experiments and Results -- 22.4.1 Detection of Urban Objects with ALS Data Associated with Aerial Imagery -- 22.4.2 Accuracy Prediction for Vehicle Velocity Estimation Using ALS Aata -- 22.5 Summary -- References -- 23 Photogrammetry for 3D Mapping in Urban Areas -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Fundamentals of Photogrammetry -- 23.2.1 Image Orientation -- 23.2.2 Bundle Adjustment -- 23.2.3 Image Matching -- 23.3 Advances in Photogrammetry for 3D Mapping in Urban Areas. , 23.3.1 Structure from Motion and Multi-view Stereo. , English

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Content: This revised textbook motivates and illustrates the techniques of applied probability by applications in electrical engineering and computer science (EECS). The author presents information processing and communication systems that use algorithms based on probabilistic models and techniques, including web searches, digital links, speech recognition, GPS, route planning, recommendation systems, classification, and estimation. He then explains how these applications work and, along the way, provides the readers with the understanding of the key concepts and methods of applied probability. Python labs enable the readers to experiment and consolidate their understanding. The book includes homework, solutions, and Jupyter notebooks. This edition includes new topics such as Boosting, Multi-armed bandits, statistical tests, social networks, queuing networks, and neural networks. For ancillaries related to this book, including examples of Python demos and also Python labs used in Berkeley, please email Mary James at mary.james@springer.com. This is an open access book.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , English

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Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789819724178

Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Series ; v.490

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Deep-Sea Signal Recognition and Measurement and Control Technology -- Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Cross Inlet -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analytical Modeling and Validation -- 2.1 Structural Model of Inlet -- 2.2 Numerical Analysis Model -- 2.3 Grid Division and Solution Method -- 2.4 Model Verification -- 3 Results Analysis -- 3.1 Research Program -- 3.2 Analysis and Discussion of Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Study on the Axial Hysteresis Performance of X Node Reinforced by Upward Grooved Ring Plate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Arrangement of Axial Reciprocating Loading Test -- 2.1 Specimen Design -- 2.2 Loading Procedure -- 2.3 Measurement Plan -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Joint Failure Test Observations -- 3.2 The Hysteresis Loops and Skeleton Curves -- 3.3 Energy Dissipation -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Monitoring and Prediction of Settlement in Large Diameter Slurry Shield Tunnels in Water-Rich Sand Layers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Mud Modifier -- 3 Comparative Study on Mud Performance After Adding Different Additives -- 3.1 Viscosity Contrast -- 3.2 Dynamic Shear Force Comparison Microscopically -- 3.3 Dynamic Plastic Ratio Comparison -- 3.4 Flowability Index and Consistency -- 3.5 API Filtration Loss -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Integrate the Methods of Linear Full Resonance with Quarter-Wavelength into Strong Motion Synthesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method for Ground Motion Synthesis -- 3 Ground Motion Synthesis at Two KiK-Net Stations -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Comparative Study on Chinese and Foreign Earth Pressure Calculation Methods for Pipe-Sheet Composite Wharf Structure -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Calculation Method of Earth Pressure -- 2.1 Method in China Standard -- 2.2 Method in America Standard -- 2.3 Method in Japan Standard. , 2.4 Contrastive Analysis -- 3 Information of Project -- 3.1 Project Introduction -- 3.2 Geological Conditions -- 3.3 Structure Condition -- 3.4 Monitoring Scheme -- 4 Monitoring Results and Comparative Analysis -- 4.1 Comparative Analysis of Measured Results and Theoretical Calculations -- 4.2 Comparative Analysis of Measured Results and Numerical Calculation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- A Signal Processing Approach for Fracture Inversion Technique Utilizing Acoustic Emission Signal in Shale Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Details -- 2.1 Experimental Parameters -- 2.2 Experimental Procedure -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Event Detection -- 3.2 Signal Location -- 3.3 Spectrum Analysis -- 3.4 Tomography -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Event Detection -- 4.2 Signal Location -- 4.3 Spectrum Analysis -- 4.4 Tomography -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A New Bayesian Method for Dynamic System Identification Using FFT Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Posterior PDF -- 2.2 Sub-Structure Finite Element Analysis -- 2.3 Parameterization of Model Updating Based on Sub-Structure Finite Element Analysis -- 3 Case Study -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Quantifying Uncertainties in Model Updating Following Bayesian Approach Using a Parameter Space-Search Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Bayesian Probabilistic Framework -- 2.2 The Parameters Space-Search Algorithm -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Fatigue Response Analysis of Steel Pipe Piles with Super Length to Diameter Ratio Under Adverse Sea Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Project Overview -- 3 Natural Conditions and Calculation of Pile Foundation Load -- 4 Natural Conditions and Calculation of Pile Foundation Load -- 5 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Fatigue Response of Steel Pipe Pile -- 6 Conclusions -- References. , Analysis of Expansion Stress Evolution of Concrete Erosion Products for Ocean Engineering -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Expansion Stress of Erosion Products in Marine Environment -- 2.1 Theoretical Model of Sulfate Attack -- 2.2 The Relation Between Interfacial Energy and Surface Curvature of Ettringite -- 2.3 Time-Varying Equation of Liquid Film Thickness -- 2.4 Expansion Stress of Corrosion Products -- 3 Microstructure Model of Concrete. -- 4 Expansion Stress Equation of Micro-Voids -- 5 Expansion Stress Equation of Micro-Cracks. -- 6 Microstructural Stress of Concrete in Marine Environment -- 6.1 Stress Analysis of Pore Wall in Micro-Voids -- 6.2 Stress Analysis of Pore Wall in Micro-Cracks -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Tunnel Construction Inspection and Safety Assessment Method -- Deep Migration Learning-Based Detection of Structural Diseases in Railway Tunnel Lining Structures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Numerical Modelling of Typical Diseases of Tunnel Lining Structures -- 2.1 Numerical Simulation of Ground-Penetrating Radar -- 2.2 Numerical Simulation and Discussion of Results -- 3 Intelligent Detection Network for Tunnel Lining Structural Diseases -- 3.1 Sample Bank -- 3.2 Deep Learning Based Target Detection Network -- 3.3 Analysis of the Test Results of the Test Set -- 4 Lining Structure Test Bed Validation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Discrete Element Simulation Study of Multi-Layered Reinforced Geotextile Treatment of Karst Collapse -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Materials -- 2.1 Discrete Element Model -- 2.2 Discrete Element Simulation Material -- 2.3 Discrete Element Simulation Scheme -- 2.4 Discrete Element Simulation Method -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Top Vertical Settlement of the Soil -- 3.2 Tensile Force of Geotextile -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , A Method and Device for Tunnel Defect Detection Based on Image Automatic Collection and 3D Reconstruction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Technology and Equipment -- 2.1 Rapid Inspection During Flood Periods -- 2.2 Comprehensive Inspection During the Dry Season -- 2.3 Supplementary Inspection with Infrared Thermal Imaging -- 2.4 Image Acquisition Process -- 2.5 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Localization of Tunnel Defects -- 3 Case Study -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Surface Settlement Induced by Excavation of Double-Line Shield Tunnel -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Engineering Background and Model Construction -- 3 Calculation Model -- 3.1 Basic Model Assumptions -- 3.2 Parameter Selection -- 3.3 Simulating the Shield Tunnel Construction Process -- 3.4 Numerical Simulation Validation -- 4 Analysis of the Impact of Shield Tunneling Construction Parameters on Surface Settlement -- 4.1 Scheme Design -- 4.2 Influence of Different Grouting Thickness on Surface Settlement During Shield Tunnel Excavation -- 4.3 The Impact of Twin Tunnel Spacing on Surface Settlement -- 4.4 Impact of Different Depth-To-Diameter Ratios on Surface Settlement -- 4.5 Effects of Different Excavation Pressures on Surface Settlement -- 5 Optimization Analysis of Surface Settlement Deformation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Close Proximity Impact of a Newly Constructed Large Cross-Section Twin-Arch Tunnel Crossing an Existing Tunnel -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Mechanical Principles of Tunnel Proximity Construction -- 2.1 Initial Stress State -- 2.2 The Secondary Stress State After Tunnel Excavation -- 3 Leveraging Project Overview -- 4 Establishing the Numerical Model -- 4.1 Basic Assumptions -- 4.2 Model Dimensions and Parameter Settings -- 4.3 Criteria for Impact Zoning. -- 5 Longitudinal Impact Zoning of New Tunnel Overcrossing Construction on the Existing Tunnel. , 5.1 Longitudinal Impact Zoning of New Tunnel Construction on the Existing Tunnel Under Different Vertical Clear Distances -- 5.2 Different Surrounding Rock Grade's Impact on the Longitudinal Impact Zones of the Existing Tunnel During New Tunnel Construction -- 6 Transverse Impact Zoning of New Tunnel Crossing Construction on Existing Tunnel -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Influence of Seepage Pressure Loading History on the Progressive Fracture Process of Concrete -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Design -- 2.1 Experimental Method and Sample Preparation -- 2.2 Results of the Experiment -- 3 Analysis Method and Principle of Historical Data of Seepage Water Pressure and Flow -- 4 Analysis Results of Historical Data of Seepage Water Pressure and Flow -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Numerical Study of the Long-Term Settlement of Deep Drainage Tunnels in Soft Stratum -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cumulative Deformation of Saturated Soft Clay Under Cyclic Loading -- 3 Prediction of the Long-Term Settlement of Deep Drainage Pipelines -- 3.1 Stress Distribution in the Foundation Under Water Filling and Discharging Conditions -- 3.2 Calculation of Long-Term Settlement in the Foundation of Deep Tunnels -- 3.3 Analysis of Long-Term Settlement -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Fatigue Response Analysis of Wind Power Pile Foundation Under Full Cycle Action of Typhoon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Project Overview and Natural Conditions -- 3 Calculation of Pile Foundation Load and Establishment of Finite Element Model -- 4 Fatigue Analysis Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Electrochemical Corrosion Study of 20MnTiB High Strength Bolt Under the Simulation of Humid Climate in Chongqing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Methods -- 2.1 Design and Formulation of Simulated Corrosion Solution -- 2.2 Preparation of Electrochemical Corrosion Samples. , 2.3 Analysis and Test Methods.

Additional Edition: Print version: Mei, Guoxiong Advanced Construction Technology and Research of Deep-Sea Tunnels Singapore : Springer,c2024 ISBN 9789819724161

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Series Statement: GeoJournal Library ; v.132

Note: Intro -- Foreword: Why Public Urban Agriculture? -- Literature -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Setting the Stage: Urban Agriculture, Public Space, and Human Well-Being -- 1.1 The Multidimensional Benefits of Urban Agriculture to Public Life and Well-being in Cities -- 1.2 The Structure and Content of This Book -- References -- Part I: Conceptual Foundations: Urban Agriculture for Human Flourishing -- Chapter 2: Capabilities and Beyond: Towards an Operationalization of Eudaimonic Well-Being in a Public Space Context -- 2.1 Introduction: Addressing Well-Being in Cities -- 2.2 The Distinction Between Eudaimonic and Hedonic Well-Being -- 2.3 Well-Being as an Ethical Construct -- 2.4 Eudaimonic Well-Being and Capabilities -- 2.5 Addressing Public Space: Environmental and Social Affordances -- 2.6 Toward an Operationalization of Eudaimonic Well-Being in the Urban Agriculture Context -- 2.7 Beyond Capabilities -- 2.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Cultivating Virtue: Neo-Aristotelian Concepts in Public Space Development -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Well-Being of Citizens in an Aristotelian Perspective -- 3.2.1 Eudaimonia and the Virtues -- 3.2.2 Ethics and Politics -- 3.2.3 Civic Friendship -- 3.3 Alasdair MacIntyre on Productive Practices and Communities of Virtue -- 3.3.1 The Contemporary Reassertion of Aristotelian Concepts -- 3.3.2 Communities of Virtue and the Local Scale of Urban Politics -- 3.3.3 Practices and Institutions -- 3.4 Facilitating Practices and Virtue Communities in Contemporary Cities -- 3.4.1 Three Concerns for Public Space Development -- 3.4.2 The Example of Urban Agriculture -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II: Public Urban Agriculture in Northern European Contexts. , Chapter 4: Cultivating Publicness Through Urban Agriculture: Learning from Aarhus and Rotterdam -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Conceptual Framework: Publicness -- 4.3 Aarhus: Urban Agriculture as a Tool for Citizen Engagement -- 4.4 Rotterdam: Different Budgets, Different Benefits -- 4.5 Discussion: The Four Publicness Trajectories of Urban Agriculture in the City -- 4.6 The Publicness Trajectories and Capabilities -- 4.7 Concluding Remarks: Publicness Trade-Offs -- References -- Chapter 5: The Rise and Fall of Public Urban Gardens: Four Cases from in and around Copenhagen -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Urban Agriculture Cases -- 5.2.1 Prags Have -- 5.2.2 Byhaven 2200 -- 5.2.3 Byhaven Sundholm -- 5.2.4 Havnehaverne -- 5.3 The Four Urban Gardens: Discussion -- References -- Chapter 6: Motivations, Supporting Factors and Challenges for Urban Agriculture in Public Space: Experiences from Oslo -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Context and Objective -- 6.2 Methods -- 6.2.1 Methodological Approach -- 6.2.2 Case Selection and Analysis -- 6.2.3 Project Initiators and Managers' Experiences -- 6.3 Experiences from Oslo -- 6.3.1 City Farm -- Initiating and Managing Urban Agriculture in Public Space -- Motives -- Supporting Factors -- Challenges -- Visions -- 6.3.2 Urban Agriculture in Central Public Parks -- Initiating and Managing Urban Agriculture in Public Space -- Motives -- Supporting Factors -- Challenges -- Visions -- 6.3.3 Neighborhood Garden -- Initiating and Managing Urban Agriculture in Public Space -- Motives -- Supporting Factors -- Challenges -- Visions -- 6.3.4 Innovative Urban Agriculture-Gardens in Public Space -- Initiating and Managing Urban Agriculture in Public Space -- Motives -- Supporting Factors -- Challenges -- Visions -- 6.3.5 Assessments of Urban Agriculture's Contribution to Publicness -- 6.4 Discussion. , 6.4.1 Organizational Aspects of Urban Agriculture in Public Space -- 6.4.2 Urban Agriculture in Public Space for City Dweller's Well-Being -- 6.4.3 Methodological Considerations and Future Studies -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 6.5.1 Visions and Potentials for Urban Agriculture in Public Space -- Appendix -- Appendix 1 (Table 6.12) -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Chapter 7: The Importance of Social Programming in Urban Agriculture: A Practitioner's Experiences from Norway -- 7.1 Sowing the Seeds of Change -- 7.2 An Emerging Field Where Practitioners Need to Learn from Each Other -- 7.2.1 Beer and Hotdogs in the Garden (Fig. 7.2) -- 7.2.2 Urtehagen: Early Experiences with Social Programming -- 7.2.3 Sjakkplassen: Empowering and Giving Community Members Responsibility (Fig. 7.4) -- 7.2.4 The Search for Better Solutions for Lasting Community Impact -- 7.3 Discovering the Global Placemaking Movement -- 7.3.1 Becoming a Part of a Global Movement That Was Not About Urban Farming -- 7.4 Three Key Principles of Placemaking and How They Can Benefit Urban Farmers -- 7.4.1 PPS Placemaking Principle #1: The Community Is the Expert -- "The Community is the Expert": Experiences from Stensparken Community Garden -- 7.4.2 PPS Placemaking Principle #8: Triangulate -- Triangulation Experiences from Stensparken Community Garden in Oslo -- Triangulations Experiences from Sjakkplassen -- Triangulation Experiences from Sandaker Center and Linderud Manor -- The Power of 10 -- When Triangulation Fails -- 7.4.3 PPS Placemaking Principle #9: Experiment - Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper -- Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper at Stensparken Community Garden -- Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper at Linderud Manor -- 7.5 Key Takeaway: Seek Complimentary Skills and Knowledge from Placemakers to Ensure Resilience, Longevity, and Impact -- References -- Part III: When Education Gets in the Urban Agriculture Mix. , Chapter 8: Key Characteristics of Co-produced Urban Agriculture Visions in Oslo -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Context and Methods: Action Learning and Food System Education for Change -- 8.3 Case Locations -- 8.3.1 Case Study 1: Dr. Dedichens Drivhus and Trosterud Parsellhage -- 8.3.2 Case Study 2: Ellingsrud Parsellhage -- 8.3.3 Case Study 3: Losæter -- 8.3.4 Case Study 4: Voksenenga Nærmiljøhage -- 8.3.5 Case Study 5: På Schous -- 8.3.6 Case Studies 6 and 7: The Districts of Gamle Oslo and Grünerløkka -- 8.4 Findings: Visions of Resource Cycling and Empowerment -- 8.4.1 Social -- 8.4.2 Nature -- 8.4.3 Governance: Initiative Sustainability -- 8.4.4 Ecological -- 8.4.5 Education -- 8.4.6 Food -- 8.4.7 Organization -- 8.4.8 Social -- 8.4.9 Municipality -- 8.5 Discussion: What Are the Key Characteristics of Urban Agriculture Visions in Oslo? -- 8.5.1 Visions vs. Motivations -- 8.5.2 Reflections on Our Method -- 8.6 Conclusions: Competing Visions of Urban Agriculture in Public Space? -- Appendix 1: List of Unpublished Student Reports -- References -- Chapter 9: From Prescription to Adaptation in the Future Productive City: Classroom-Inspired Principles for Design and Planning of Urban Agriculture -- 9.1 Relevance -- 9.1.1 Urban Agriculture in Public Space: Technique Versus Experiences? -- 9.1.2 Cultivating Public Space Through a Critical Pedagogy -- 9.1.3 Pedagogical Questions -- 9.2 Case Studies -- 9.2.1 Case Study 1: LAA341: Urban Agriculture as a Social Arena for New Citizenry -- 9.2.2 Case Study 2: SEVU Continuing Education: Making Urban Agriculture Between Policy and Practice -- 9.2.3 Case Study 3: Designing Transformative, Productive Urban Agriculture Landscapes -- 9.2.4 Case Study 4: Plantation Park Heights: From Urban Agriculture to the Agrihood -- 9.3 Discussion: From One Toolbox to Six Emergent Principles for Future Urban Agriculture. , 9.3.1 Principle 1: Urban Agriculture Is a Multidimensional Ecology of Actions and Counteractions -- 9.3.2 Principle 2: Successful Urban Agriculture Demands Bountiful Partnerships and Cooperation -- 9.3.3 Principle 3: Urban Agriculture Cultivates a Shared Transformative Experiences -- 9.3.4 Principle 4: Connecting Urban Agriculture to People's Lives Requires Storytelling -- 9.3.5 Principle 5: Urban Agriculture Is Best When it Integrates Form, Function, and Emotions -- 9.3.6 Principle 6: Urban Agriculture's Stories of Failure and Uncertainty Are Critical Resources for Adaptation -- 9.4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Urban Agriculture Case Studies Mentioned -- Chapter 10: Urban Agriculture and the Right to the City: A Practitioner's Roadmap -- 10.1 An Increasingly Commercial City -- 10.2 From Non-Place to the City's Food Platter -- 10.3 What's Going on in Town: Participation and Form -- 10.4 Developing an Urban Agriculture Toolbox for Community: The Idea and the Process -- References -- Part IV: Planning for Urban Agriculture in Norway -- Chapter 11: Motivations for Urban Agriculture Policies: Evidence from Norway's Largest Urban Areas -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Background -- 11.3 Theoretical Approaches: Policy Programs and Discourses as Motivations for Public Policy -- 11.4 Methods -- 11.5 Empirical Studies: Motivations for Public Policy -- 11.5.1 County Governors -- 11.6 The Cases: Urban Agriculture in Three of Norway's Largest Urban Areas -- 11.6.1 Oslo -- The Social Element of the Municipal Master Plan: "Municipal Societal Plan"-Motivations -- Strategic Plan for Urban Agriculture: Motivations -- Green Roofs -- 11.6.2 Bergen -- "Cultivate Bergen-Strategic Plan 2019-2023": Ideas and Motivations for Urban Agriculture -- 11.6.3 Trondheim -- Steering Logic and Choice of Planning Instruments: Networking and Co-Production. , Planning Program for Agriculture.

Additional Edition: Print version: Sirowy, Beata Urban Agriculture in Public Space Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 ISBN 9783031415494

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Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the Author -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Overview of Rockburst -- 1.2 Current Status on Rockburst Induced Conditions -- 1.3 Current Status on the Precursor Characteristics of Rockbursts -- 1.4 Current Status on the Evolution of Rockburst -- 1.5 Current Status on Predicting of Rockburst -- 1.5.1 Study on the Synergetic Monitoring of Rockburst -- 1.5.2 Study on the Predicting Model of Rockburst -- 1.5.3 Study on the Field Predicting of Rockburst Hazard -- References -- 2 Experimental Materials and Equipments -- 2.1 Experimental Materials -- 2.2 Experimental Equipments -- 2.2.1 Laboratory Equipments -- 2.2.2 Field Equipment -- 2.3 SEM and EDS -- Reference -- 3 Mechanism and Predicting Theory-Based of Rockburst Evolution -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanism of Rockburst -- 3.3 Mechanism of Rockburst Stress-Energy Evolution -- 3.4 Nonlinear Dynamic Theory of Predicting Rockburst -- 3.4.1 Mutation Theory -- 3.4.2 Damage Theory -- 3.4.3 Load/Unload Response Ratio Theory -- 3.4.4 Entropy Theory -- 3.4.5 Fuzzy Matter Element Theory -- 3.4.6 Bayesian Theory and Network Model -- References -- 4 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Model and Numerical Simulation of Rock Fissures -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 CT Scanning Experiment Under Uniaxial Cyclic Load/Unload -- 4.3 Cracks Extraction and Calculation -- 4.3.1 Processing the CT Images -- 4.3.1.1 Characteristics of CT Images Information -- 4.3.1.2 CT Image Processing Contents and Methods -- 4.3.2 Calculating the Length and Area of Cracks -- 4.3.2.1 Calculating the Length of Cracks -- 4.3.2.2 Calculating the Area of Cracks -- 4.4 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Model and Numerical Simulation -- 4.4.1 Establishing a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model -- 4.4.1.1 Establishing the Model of Fissured Rock. , 4.4.1.2 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Model of Failured Sandstone -- 4.4.1.3 Mesh Generation of Reconstructed Model -- 4.4.1.4 Three-Dimensional Model Parameters -- 4.4.2 Numerical Simulation of Fissured Rock -- 4.4.2.1 Selection of Material Parameters -- 4.4.2.2 Numerical Analysis of Model -- References -- 5 Experimental Investigation on Nonlinear Dynamic Evolution Patterns of Cracks in& -- blank Rock Failure Process -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pattern of Nonlinear Dynamics Evolution of Rock Cracks -- 5.2.1 Fractal Theory -- 5.2.2 Results Analysis on Fractal Dimension of Rock Cracks -- 5.2.2.1 Calculated Procedure of Fractal Box Dimension -- 5.2.2.2 Results Analysis on Fractal Dimension of Sandstone Cracks -- 5.2.3 Entropy Model of Rock System Based on Fractal Dimension -- 5.3 Chaotic Characteristics of Cracks Evolution in Rock Failure Process -- 5.3.1 Chaos Theory -- 5.3.2 Discrimination of Chaotic Characteristics Defined by Li-Yorke -- 5.3.3 Construction of Crack Growth Factor Model -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Experimental Investigation on AE Precursor Information of Rockburst -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Spatio-temporal Evolution Pattern of Rock Failure -- 6.2.1 AE Experiment -- 6.2.2 Principle of AE Event Location -- 6.2.3 Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rock Failure -- 6.3 Characteristics of Relatively Quiet Period for Rock Failure -- 6.3.1 Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Loaded Rock -- 6.3.2 Relationship Between the Constitutive Characteristics and the Accumulative AE Counts -- 6.3.3 Relationship Between AE Rate and Constitutive Characteristics -- 6.3.4 Evolution Characteristics of AE Amplitude in the Time Domain -- 6.3.5 Analyzation of Precursory Characteristics of Rock Failure -- 6.4 Variation Regulation of AE Energy Parameters for Rock Failure -- 6.4.1 Experimental Setup and Procedure. , 6.4.2 Energy Parameters Variations in Each Channel -- 6.4.3 Relationship of Energy and Stress-Strain Curve on Time Domain -- 6.4.4 Analysis of Damage Features -- 6.4.5 Energy Release Rate of Rock Damage -- 6.5 Evolution Patterns of Spatial-Temporal-Energy on Rock Fracture Surface -- 6.5.1 Experimental Setup and Procedure -- 6.5.2 Relationship Between Spatial Distribution of AE Events and Rock Fracture -- 6.5.3 Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Strong AE Events on Rock Fracture -- 6.5.4 Spatial-Temporal-Energy Evolution Model of Strong AE Events in Limestone Fracture -- 6.5.5 Spatial Fractal Dimension Evolution Model of AE Events on Fracture -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Experimental Investigations on Multi-means and Synergistic Prediction for Rockburst -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Predicting Points of Infrared Precursor for Coal Failure -- 7.2.1 Laboratory Test of Coal Failure -- 7.2.2 Theoretical Bases of IRR Detection -- 7.2.3 IRT Characteristics of Coal Samples -- 7.2.4 IRT Prediction for Rock Failure -- 7.3 Experimental Investigation on Predicting Rock Failure Using Load/Unload Energy Response Ratio Theory -- 7.3.1 LURR Characteristics of Coal Samples -- 7.3.2 LURR Prediction of Coal Failure -- 7.4 Experimental Investigation on Predicting Points Using Tangent Damage Factor for Rock Failure -- 7.4.1 Laboratory Test of Rock Failure -- 7.4.2 Define the TDF -- 7.4.3 Damage Characteristic of Limestone Failure -- 7.4.4 Predicting Models of TDF -- 7.5 Experimental Investigation on Predicting Points Using Information Entropy Theory for Rock Failure -- 7.5.1 AE Dominant Frequency -- 7.5.2 AE Dominant Frequency Entropy -- 7.5.3 AE Dominant Frequency and Entropy -- 7.6 Predicting Key Point Identification Using Traditional Monitoring Method -- 7.6.1 Methods for Instrument Installation and Data Collection -- 7.6.2 Recognition Method of Predicting Hazards. , 7.7 b Value Characteristics with MS Activity in Deep Mining -- 7.7.1 The Magnitude-Frequency Relation-b Value -- 7.7.2 Changes of b Value Caused by Rockmass Excavation -- 7.8 Identification of Predicting Key Point Using AE/MS Monitoring System -- 7.9 Model of Multi-means and Synergistic Prediction for Rockburst -- 7.10 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Predicting Model of Rockburst Based on Nondeterministic Theory -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Predicting Model of Rockburst Based on Bayesian Theory -- 8.2.1 An Overview of Bayesian Theory -- 8.2.1.1 Empirical Probability -- 8.2.1.2 Mean Values and Covariance -- 8.2.1.3 Empirical Discriminant -- 8.2.1.4 Posterior Probability and Verification -- 8.2.2 Key Factors of Rockburst Tendency -- 8.2.2.1 Induced Factors of Rockburst -- 8.2.2.2 Critical Factors -- 8.3 Predicting Model of Rockburst Based on Fuzzy Matter-Element Theory -- 8.3.1 Fuzzy Matter-Element and Composite Fuzzy Matter-Element -- 8.3.2 Standard Fuzzy Matter-Element and Difference Square Composite Fuzzy Matter-Element -- 8.3.3 Weight Coefficients Determined by Entropy Method -- 8.3.4 Closeness Degree and Comprehensive Evaluation -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Field Case -- 9.1 Design of Microseismic Monitoring System in Huize Lead-Zine Mine -- 9.1.1 Main Influence Factor -- 9.1.2 Microseismic Monitoring System -- 9.1.3 Sensor Arrangement Design -- 9.2 Case Verification -- 9.2.1 Predicting Case Based on Displacement Nephogram -- 9.2.2 Predicting Case Based on Apparent Stress -- 9.3 Predicting Key Points Identification of Dynamic Hazard -- 9.3.1 Dynamic Hazard Predicting Using Routine Monitoring -- 9.3.2 Predicting Key Point Identification Using CAV and MS Events Activity -- 9.4 Predicting Model of Rockburst Based on Bayesian Theory -- 9.4.1 Training Samples -- 9.4.2 Predicting Rockburst Tendency Using a Bayesian Model. , 9.4.3 Verifying Accuracy of Bayesian Model -- 9.5 Predicting Model of Rockburst Based on Fuzzy Matter Element Theory -- 9.5.1 Testing and Field Condition -- 9.5.1.1 Mining Conditions and Method -- 9.5.1.2 Laboratory Testing -- 9.5.1.3 Stress Estimation -- 9.5.2 Predicting Rockburst Tendency -- 9.5.2.1 Predicting Rockburst Tendency Using Traditional Method -- 9.5.2.2 Predicting Rockburst Tendency Using the Proposed Model -- 9.5.3 Predicting Model of Fuzzy Matter-Element Theory -- 9.5.3.1 Comparison and Analysis of Predicting Model -- 9.5.3.2 Data Analysis and Discussions -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References.

Additional Edition: Print version: Wang, Chunlai Evolution, Monitoring and Predicting Models of Rockburst Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2018 ISBN 9789811075476

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Note: Intro -- Preface -- Committees -- Honorary Advisors -- Organization Committees -- Scientific Committees (list by surname) -- Contents -- Machine Thinking -- Machinic Phylum and Architecture -- 1 Nips and Bites -- 2 Ducks and Rabbits -- References -- Pipes of AI - Machine Learning Assisted 3D Modeling Design -- 1 Principle of CNN -- 1.1 Principle and Applications of Style Transfer -- 1.2 Project Goal -- 2 2D Image Representation of 3D Volume -- 2.1 The Effect of Style Weight in Style Transfer -- 2.2 Transformation of Image to Geometry -- 2.3 Algorithm Analysis of Geometry Generation Between Adjacent Layers -- 3 Result of Section Plans -- 3.1 Result of Perspective View -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Developing a Digital Interactive Fabrication Process in Co-existing Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Fabrication Process of Maker -- 2.2 Towards Co-existing Environment -- 2.3 Automation Digital Fabrication Tools -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Methodology -- 4 The Experiment -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Real-Time Defect Recognition and Optimized Decision Making for Structural Timber Jointing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defect Recognition and Removal -- 2.1 Pre-process the Image for Segmentation -- 2.2 Preparation of the Classifier -- 2.3 Preparation of the Classifier -- 3 Decision Making for Joining Timber Segments -- 4 User Interface -- 5 Discussion and Future Development -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- On-Site BIM-Enabled Augmented Reality for Construction -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Related Work -- 1.3 Our Solution -- 2 AR Application -- 2.1 Model Overlay Using Augmented Reality -- 2.2 Model Interaction as Query System -- 2.3 Abstraction of Drawings -- 2.4 Additional Features -- 3 Data Pipeline -- 3.1 BIM Pre-processing, Custom Parameter Creation and Population. , 3.2 Construction Document Export and Metadata Post-processing -- 4 Unity Reflect -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Case Study/User Testing -- 5.2 Future Development -- 5.3 Connections -- References -- Recycling Construction Waste Material with the Use of AR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Aims -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Method 1 | Mass Customisation and Working to a Fixed Digital Model -- 3.2 Mass Customized Aggregation Geometry -- 3.3 Holographic Part Nesting -- 3.4 Mixed Reality Interface -- 3.5 Jointing -- 3.6 Fabrication and Fixing Methods -- 3.7 Method 2 | Working to a Flexible Digital Model -- 3.8 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Future Development -- References -- Growing Shapes with a Generalised Model from Neural Correlates of Visual Discrimination -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Cyborgian Approach of Eco-interaction Design Based on Machine Intelligence and Embodied Experience -- 1 Tracing Cyborgian Theory and Embodied Cognition -- 1.1 A Hybrid of Part Clock Part Swarm [10] -- 1.2 The Importance of the Presence and the Bodily Experience -- 2 How Cyborgian Approach Activates Plants? -- 2.1 How They Sense -- 2.2 How They Think -- 2.3 How They Actuate -- 3 How Cyborgian Approach Encourages Human Participation? -- 3.1 Experience Level -- 3.2 Experience Assessment -- 4 Design an Interactive Outdoor Environment -- 4.1 Challenges and Opportunities of Outdoor Interaction -- 4.2 A Cyborgian Eco-interaction Design Model -- 5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Machine Seeing -- A Large-Scale Measurement and Quantitative Analysis Method of Façade Color in the Urban Street Using Deep Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Urban Color Planning -- 2.2 Façade Color Measurements -- 2.3 Quantitative Analysis of Visual Quality in Urban Street -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Study Area and Workflow -- 3.2 Street View Data Acquisition. , 3.3 Building Façade Segmentation and Data Cleaning -- 3.4 Façade Color Calculation -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Suggestive Site Planning with Conditional GAN and Urban GIS Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Acquisition and Feature Engineering -- 3.2 Machine Learning -- 3.3 Visualization -- 4 Case Study: Taking Boston as Example -- 4.1 Data Acquisition and Feature Engineering -- 4.2 Model Building and Training -- 4.3 Results and Visualization -- 5 Summary -- References -- Understanding and Analyzing the Characteristics of the Third Place in Urban Design: A Methodology for Discrete and Continuous Data in Environmental Design -- 1 Background -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Data and Data Structure for Manipulation -- 2.2 Pixel Structure for Continuous Data and Blending Data with Neighbors -- 2.3 Graph Structure for Discrete Data -- 3 Case Study Implementation -- 3.1 Site Selection -- 3.2 Parse Third Place Data and Visualization -- 3.3 Generate Data Structures and Inspect with Visualizations -- 3.4 Comparisons and Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Future Work -- References -- Sensing the Environmental Neighborhoods -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sensing Kit Design -- 1.2 Case Study -- 1.3 Summary -- References -- A Performance-Based Urban Block Generative Design Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Computer Vision -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 DRL Based Generative Design Framework -- 2.2 DDPG Agent -- 2.3 Hough Transform -- 3 Case Study -- 3.1 Observation, Action and Reward -- 3.2 Site Information -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- The Development of 'Agent-Based Parametric Semiology' as Design Research Program -- 1 Theory Background -- 2 Why We Need Agent-Based Life-Process Crowd Simulation. , 3 The Intelligence Upgrading of Agent-Based Crowd Simulation -- 3.1 Crowd Behaviour Pattern Analysis -- 3.2 Intelligent Agents -- 3.3 Semantic Virtual Environment -- 4 Quantitative Analysis, Evaluation, and Optimization -- 4.1 Methodology and Toolset -- 4.2 Scenario and Example -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Machine Learning -- Machine Learning Aided 2D-3D Architectural Form Finding at High Resolution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relative Work -- 3 Method -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Training Data Preparation -- 4.2 Main Network Training -- 4.3 Multiple Network Training -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Exploration of Campus Layout Based on Generative Adversarial Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work in the Field of Architectural Layout -- 3 Methods -- 4 Experimental Results and Analysis -- 5 Discussion -- Appendix -- References -- A Preliminary Study on the Formation of the General Layouts on the Northern Neighborhood Community Based on GauGAN Diversity Output Generator -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research -- 2.1 AI Application in Architecture -- 2.2 Deep Learning Architectural Plan Generator Application -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 GauGAN -- 3.2 Step Training -- 4 Machine Learning for the General Layout Shapes of the Northern Neighborhoods in China -- 4.1 Morphological Analysis -- 4.2 Data Conversion -- 4.3 Model Architecture -- 4.4 Vectorization and 3D Procedural Modeling -- 4.5 Experiment Result -- 5 Conclusion -- 5.1 GauGAN Is More in Line with Architectural Design Needs Than Pix2pix (Pix2pixHD) -- 5.2 The Use of Step Training Can Improve the Clarity of Generated Results and Allow the Later Vectorization to Be More Convenient -- References -- Artificial Intuitions of Generative Design: An Approach Based on Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Contemporary Algorithmic Generative System -- 1.2 Artificial Intuitions -- 2 Background. , 2.1 Machine Learning with Generative Design -- 2.2 Reinforcement Learning -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Intuitive Random Walk Formation -- 3.2 RL Actions Definition -- 3.3 RL Observations Definition -- 3.4 RL Reward Definition -- 4 Discussions -- 4.1 Training Process and Outcomes -- 4.2 Further Research -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Collection to Creation: Playfully Interpreting the Classics with Contemporary Tools -- 1 Introduction: Generations to Generative -- 2 Process: Beyond Codified Interaction -- 3 User Analysis -- 4 Media Creation -- 5 Synthetic Text Descriptions -- 6 Thoughts -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- embedGAN: A Method to Embed Images in GAN Latent Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Regenerating Data in GAN -- 2.2 GAN Latent Walk -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Principle -- 3.2 Architecture -- 3.3 Training Details -- 4 Application -- 5 Evaluation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Research on Architectural Form Optimization Method Based on Environmental Performance-Driven Design -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Performance-Driven Design and Its Advantages -- 2.1 Performance-Driven Design Theory -- 2.2 Performance-Driven Design Advantages Compared with Bionic Form Design -- 3 Performance-Driven Architectural Form Optimization Method -- 3.1 Combined with Parametric Design -- 4 Form Optimization Simulation Process Establishment -- 5 Design Practice -- 5.1 Project Background -- 5.2 Design Parameters Selection and Numerical Constraint -- 5.3 Setting Simulation Parameters -- 5.4 Form Optimization Process Diagram -- 5.5 Result Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Optimization and Prediction of Design Variables Driven by Building Energy Performance-A Case Study of Office Building in Wuhan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Method -- 2.1 Research Objectives -- 2.2 Research Method. , 2.3 Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) and Radial Basis Functions Artificial Neural Networks (RBF-ANNs).

Additional Edition: Print version: Yuan, Philip F. Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2021 ISBN 9789813343993

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Content: "A survey of the criticality hypothesis which imports theory from physics to understand the brain and could be a grand unifying theory of the brain at a time when neuroscience is dominated by data"--

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- The Critical Point in Context -- The Goals and Structure of This Book -- I. Background -- 1. The Main Idea -- A Simple Model -- Optimal Information Processing -- The Appearance of Emergent Phenomena -- Power Laws -- Avalanches -- A Phase Transition -- From a Model to Data -- The Criticality Hypothesis -- Objections and Responses to the Criticality Hypothesis -- Chapter Summary -- 2. Emergent Phenomena -- Methodological Reductionism -- The Wave as an Emergent Phenomenon -- Emergent Phenomena in the Brain -- A Simple Model of Emergent Phenomena in the Brain -- Complex Emergent Phenomena Occur at a Phase Transition -- More Complex Emergent Phenomena? -- How to Study Emergent Phenomena -- Chapter Summary -- II. The Critical Point and Its Consequences -- 3. The Critical Point -- The Branching Model: A Branching Ratio Near 1 -- The Branching Model: A Phase Transition with Control and Order Parameters -- The Branching Model: An Exponent Relation between Multiple Power Laws -- The Branching Model: Fractal Copies of Avalanches -- Signatures of Being near the Critical Point -- Signatures of the Critical Point from the Data -- In Vitro Experiments -- Data: A Branching Ratio near 1 -- Data: A Phase Transition with Control and Order Parameters -- Data: An Exponent Relation between Multiple Power Laws -- Data: Fractal Copies of Avalanches -- Objections to These Signatures of Criticality -- Chapter Summary -- 4. Optimality -- The Branching Model: Information Transmission -- The Branching Model: Dynamic Range -- The Branching Model: Susceptibility -- Data: Dynamic Range -- Data: Information Transmission -- Data: Susceptibility -- Other Predictions Yet to Be Tested -- Chapter Summary -- 5. Universality -- Universality in Physical Systems -- Universality in the Cortex: Indicators. , Indicators Seen across Species -- Indicators Seen across Scales -- Described by a Simple Model -- Chapter Summary -- III. Future Directions -- 6. Homeostasis and Health -- Homeostasis toward the Critical Point after a Major Perturbation -- Sleep and Homeostasis toward the Critical Point -- Sensory Adaptation toward the Critical Point -- Development toward the Critical Point -- Themes from Homeostasis Results -- Health -- Chapter Summary -- 7. Quasicriticality -- Universality: Unfinished Issues -- A Possible Solution: Quasicriticality -- Another View: Slightly Subcritical -- Another View: Subsampling -- Another View: Griffiths Phase -- Chapter Summary -- 8. Cortex -- The Expansion of Cortical Area -- Associations of Associations -- The Special Role of Layers 2 and 3 -- Multifunctionality and the Critical Point -- Nearly Critical in Layers 2 and 3, but Not in Layer 5 -- Staying Nearly Critical While Learning -- Timescales throughout the Hierarchy -- Chapter Summary -- 9. Epilogue -- What We Know -- What We Don't Know -- Frontier Issues -- What I Did Not Cover -- Appendix -- Relation between Power-Law Exponent and Slope (Chapters 1 and 6) -- When the Average Value of a Power Law Diverges and When It Does Not (Chapters 1 and 6) -- Long-Range Temporal Correlations (Chapters 1, 6, and 8) -- Informal Derivation of the Exponent Relation (Chapters 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8) -- Avalanche Shape Collapse (Chapters 3, 5, 6, and 8) -- How to Quantify Network Dynamics (Chapters 4 and 8) -- Software and Data for Exercises and Analyses -- Notes -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- References -- Index. , English

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