Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xvii, 599 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 1-316-46701-5 , 1-316-46876-3 , 1-139-99836-6

Content: Every day at about 4:30, Jazz, a Hungarian Vizsla dog, leaps up on the sofa and looks out for his owner who always comes home at 5:00. He doesn't need an internal clock because he has an acute sense of smell that allows him to measure how long his master has been absent. Explaining complex behavior in simple ways, this book is a fascinating exploration of the evolution, development and processes of learning in animals. Now in its second edition, there is increased emphasis on development, evolution and dynamics; new accounts of taxic orientation, reflex induction, habituation and operant learning in organisms; more discussion of spatial learning and the processes underlying it; expanded chapters on choice and completely new chapters on molar laws, classical conditioning theories and comparative cognition. J. E. R. Staddon provides a definitive summary of contemporary theoretical understanding suitable for graduates and advanced undergraduates.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 08 Mar 2016). , Cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the second edition -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The evolution, development, and modification of behavior -- Canalization -- Explanation -- Function, causation, and teleonomy -- Evolution and development -- Epigenesis and genetic assimilation -- Lamarck, Darwin, and gemmules -- Early environment -- Summary -- 2 Variation and selection: kineses -- Simple orienting mechanisms -- Indirect orientation (kineses) -- Neurophysiology and behavior -- 3 Reflexes -- Volition and the mind-body problem -- Sherrington's reflex -- Individual reflexes -- Threshold -- Latency -- Refractory period -- Temporal summation -- Spatial summation -- Momentum (after discharge) -- Habituation -- Rate sensitivity -- Reflex interaction -- Reciprocal inhibition (competition) -- Cooperation -- Successive induction -- Averaging -- Inhibition and reflex strength -- Summary -- 4 Direct orientation and feedback -- Taxes -- Klinotaxis -- Tropotaxis -- Light-compass reaction -- Telotaxis -- Feedback analysis -- Dynamic analysis -- Frequency analysis -- Three simple feedback responses -- When is feedback useful? -- Behavioral integration and the role of variability -- The nature of explanation -- The meaning of "black-box" analysis -- Purpose, teleology, and mechanism -- Summary -- Appendix A4.1 -- Linear systems analysis -- 5 Operant behavior -- Operant behavior and B. F. Skinner -- Causal and functional analysis of operant behavior -- Parallel models -- Operant behavior and learning -- Information theory -- Operant and classical conditioning: overview -- Habituation -- Sensitization -- Pseudoconditioning -- Classical conditioning -- Operant conditioning -- Generalization and discrimination -- The logic of historical systems -- Finite-state systems -- Equivalent histories and the experimental method. , Between-groups experiments: averaging data -- Within-subject method -- Memory -- Summary -- 6 Reward and punishment -- Reinforcement and the law of effect -- Experimental methods -- The Skinner box -- Response- and time-based schedules of reinforcement -- Equilibrium states -- Classical conditioning -- Contingency and feedback functions -- Contingency space -- Temporal and trace conditioning -- Response contingencies and feedback functions -- Feedback functions for common schedules -- Ratio schedules -- Interval schedules -- Interlocking schedules -- Escape, avoidance, and omission schedules -- Shock postponement -- Detection of response contingency -- Summary -- 7 Feeding regulation: a model motivational system -- Reinforcement and homeostasis -- Obesity and schedule performance: a static analysis -- The meaning of brain lesion experiments -- The effects of hypothalamic lesions on eating -- A regulatory model -- Finickiness -- Response to dilution of diet -- Weak defense of settling weight -- Improved defense of low settling weights -- Poor adaptation to work requirements -- Effects of taste and body weight on work schedules -- Other motivational effects -- Limitations of the linear model -- Human obesity -- Derivations -- Summary -- 8 The optimal allocation of behavior -- Time constraints and behavioral competition -- Rate and time measures -- The allocation of behavior -- Income and substitution effects -- Value, reinforcement, and Darwinian fitness -- Optimal allocation -- The minimum-distance model -- Prediction of response functions -- Bliss point and characteristic space -- Substitutability and indifference curves -- Marginal value and substitutability -- Experimental applications -- Reinforcement constraints -- Summary -- 9 Choice: dynamics and decision rules -- Real time: the cumulative record -- Choice dynamics and the law of effect. , Random-ratio choice -- Identical random ratios -- Concurrent variable-interval schedules -- Optimal choice -- Probability learning -- Delayed outcomes: "self-control" -- Temporal discounting -- Variable outcomes: risk -- Human choice, risk, and behavioral economics -- Matching and maximizing -- Marginal value and momentary maximizing -- Concurrent VI-VI -- Momentary maximizing -- Concurrent VI-VR -- Summary -- 10 Foraging and behavioral ecology -- Diet selection and functional response -- Functional response -- Diet choice -- Switching -- 1. Absolute density changes -- 2. Nonrandom spatial distribution -- 3. Changes in profitability with experience -- 4. Changes in effective density with experience -- Search image -- Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis -- Ecological implications -- Nutrient constraints and sampling -- Natural feedback functions -- Summary -- Appendix A10.1 -- The effect of prey density on prey risk -- Appendix A10.2 -- Switching and functional response -- Appendix A10.3 -- Foraging in a repleting food source -- 11 Stimulus control and cognition -- Discriminative and eliciting stimuli -- Stimulus equivalence and data structure -- Analog versus digital coding -- Psychophysics and similarity -- Measuring stimulus control -- Stimulus generalization -- Generalization gradients -- Compounding of elements -- Stimulus control and reinforcement: variation and attention -- Attention -- Attention to different dimensions -- Similarity -- Maps -- Multidimensional scaling -- Spatial representation as a data structure -- Summary -- 12 Stimulus control and performance -- Inhibitory and excitatory control -- Feature effects -- Behavioral contrast and discrimination performance -- Schedule-induced behavior -- Intertemporal effects -- Inhibitory generalization gradients -- Conjoint stimulus control and peak shift. , Historical Note: Spence's Theory of Transposition -- Transitive Inference -- Dynamic effects in multiple schedules -- Stimulus effects -- Summary -- 13 Molar laws -- Matching and optimality -- Matching and minimum distance -- Contrast and matching -- 1. Simple VI (single-response case) -- 2. Concurrent VI-VI (two-response case) -- 3. Multiple VI-VI -- Boyle and the molar law -- Historical review -- Resistance to change -- A continuous model -- Multiple VI-VI -- Multiple VI-VI-VT -- CPM Model: Conclusion -- Problems -- Summary -- 14 Time and memory, I -- Temporal control -- The reinforcement omission effect -- Excitatory and inhibitory temporal control -- Conditions for temporal control -- Timing and fixed-ratio schedules -- Characteristics of the time marker -- Overshadowing -- Conclusion: the discrimination of recency -- Time estimation -- Proaction and retroaction -- Summary -- 15 Time and memory, II -- Discrimination reversal and learning set -- Reversal learning in human infants -- The serial position effect (SPE) -- Learning set -- Learning dynamics -- Memory and spatial learning -- The radial-arm maze -- Radial-maze performance -- A two-part code -- Spatial code -- Temporal code -- Response Rule -- Spatial effects -- Temporal effects -- Other spatial situations -- The route finder -- Summary -- 16 Template learning -- Imprinting -- Song learning -- Summary -- 17 Learning, I -- Bees -- Learning as program assembly -- Reinforcement and learning -- Latent learning -- Inference -- Partial reinforcement -- Bayes' rule -- Taste-aversion learning -- Delay-of-reward gradient -- The order of learning -- What is learned? -- Surprise -- Methodology -- Expectation and classification -- Learning and classification -- Recognition and expectation -- Summary -- 18 Models of classical conditioning -- Inference and classical conditioning -- Contingency space. , Blocking -- Conditioning to novel tastes -- Latent inhibition -- Preexposure to the US -- Models for conditioning -- New learning model -- Conclusion: trial-level models -- Temporal variables -- 19 Learning, II -- Classical conditioning and the origins of operant behavior -- The "superstition" experiment -- Behavioral variation: the origins of operant behavior -- Inference, action, and operant conditioning -- Misbehavior -- Behavioral variation and sampling -- The guidance of action -- Initial state -- Selection rules -- Response-reinforcer contiguity -- Shaping -- Feedback function -- Schedule-induced behavior -- Conclusion: operant learning -- Summary -- 20 Learning, III: procedures -- Conditioned reinforcement -- Concurrent chained schedules -- On the virtues of optimality analysis -- Quasi-reinforcement -- Second-order schedules -- Conditioned emotional response -- Anxiety? -- Avoidance and escape -- Limits to variation: response-produced shock and "learned helplessness" -- Learned helplessness (LH) -- Sampling versus exploitation -- Extinction -- Summary -- 21 Comparative cognition -- Insight -- Fast mapping -- Metacognition -- The logic of metacognition -- Summary -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-107-44290-7

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-107-08247-1

Language: English

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139998369

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139998369

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (234 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783031485503

Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing Series ; v.489

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- 2nd International Workshop on Agile Sustainability -- Connecting Agile with Theory of Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory of Change -- 3 Connecting Theory of Change and Agile -- 3.1 Focus on the Process -- 3.2 Prioritize Learning -- 3.3 Be Locally-Led -- 3.4 Think Compass, Not Map -- 3.5 Examples -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing Agile Software Development Sustainability Through the Integration of User Experience and Gamification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What is GLUX? -- 3 How Does GLUX Address the Three Dimensions of SOS? -- 3.1 Human Sustainability -- 3.2 Economic Sustainability -- 3.3 Environmental Sustainability -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable IT in an Agile DevOps Setup Leads to a Shift Left in Sustainability Engineering -- 1 Motivation, Context and Methodology -- 2 Methodology and Outcome Design -- 3 Leveraging Sustainability with the Sustainability Model -- 4 Instantiation and Evaluation -- 5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 3rd International Workshop on Agility and Microservices -- Improving the Implementation of Microservice-Based Systems with Static Code Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Related Work -- 2 Basics -- 2.1 Monorepo -- 2.2 Language Server Protocol -- 3 SIARest -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Future Work -- References -- Towards an Architecture-Centric Methodology for Migrating to Microservices -- 1 The Challenge of Moving to Microservices -- 1.1 Three Phases of a Migration -- 1.2 The Academia-Industry Gap -- 2 Research Design -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Proposed Migration Framework -- 5 Current Status of Tool Support -- References -- Agile in Education Tack -- Being Agile in a Data Science Project -- 1 Introduction -- 2 First Attempt: The Civil Police Project -- 3 Second Attempt: The Fiocruz Project -- 3.1 Development Process. , 3.2 Adapting Agile Practices -- 3.3 Challenges -- 3.4 Results -- 4 Suggestions for Data Science Projects -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Panel -- The Future of Work: Agile in a Hybrid World -- 1 Introduction: Panel Discussion of Agility Today -- 2 What is Hybrid? Individual Choice or Team Choice? -- 3 Establishing Trust -- 4 Teamwork, Creativity, and Execution -- 5 Why Come to the Office? -- 6 Why Should I Turn on My Camera? -- 7 How to Work Effectively in the Future -- 8 Summary -- References -- Organisational Debt and Large-Scale Agile -- A Summary of the First International Workshop on Organizational Debt and Large-Scale Agile Software Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Workshop Development -- 3 Workshop Conclusions -- References -- Organizational Debt in Large-Scale Hybrid Agile Software Development: A Case Study on Coordination Mechanisms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Shared Mental Models -- 3.2 Team Coordination -- 3.3 Team Cohesion -- 3.4 Team Learning -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Software-Intensive Business -- The Know-How of Agile Retrospectives in Software Startups -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Theoretical Framework -- 3 Research Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 How and What Do Startup Teams Do During the Retrospectives? -- 4.2 Who Is Involved from the Team During the Retrospectives? -- 4.3 What Is the Usual Duration of the Retrospectives? -- 4.4 Where Does the Team Do the Retrospectives? -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Analytics Practices in Practice: How Software Startup Companies Are Applying Analytics? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analytics and Software Startups -- 3 Research Method -- 4 Findings -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Next Steps -- References. , Towards a X-as-a-Service Application in Industrial Laundry - A Case Study of Information Requirement Engineering in Emerging Data Ecosystems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 X-as-a-Service in Data Ecosystems -- 2.2 Information Requirement Concepts -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Action Design Research -- 3.2 Case Study in Industrial Laundry -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Information Requirement Concept for Laundry-Finish-as-a-Service -- 4.2 Emerging Design Principles -- 5 Conclusion and Limitations -- References -- Software Startup Ecosystem in Namibia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Research Design -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Establishment of Software Startups -- 4.2 Institutions that Support Software Startups and Entrepreneurs -- 4.3 SWOT Analysis of Software Startups Ecosystem -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Industry Expectations for Product Ops Professionals: A Review of Job Advertisements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Product Ops Professional Profile -- 3.2 Evaluating the Formal Product Ops Definition -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Global and Hybrid Work in Software Engineering -- Unveiling the Spectrum of Hybrid Work in Software Engineering: Research Directions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Conceptual Framework to Study Hybrid Work in Software Engineering -- 3 Research Topics Collection and Organization -- 3.1 Collecting the Research Topics -- 3.2 Organizing the Research Topics -- 4 Research Topics on Hybrid Work in Software Engineering -- 4.1 Factors that Influence Hybrid Work in Software Engineering -- 4.2 Hybrid Work in Software Engineering -- 4.3 Impact of Hybrid Work -- 5 Final Remarks -- References -- Defining a Remote Work Policy: Aligning Actions and Intentions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Corporate Policies with Respect to Remote Work. , 4.2 Remote work policy in Case A -- 4.3 Remote Work Policy in Case B -- 4.4 Remote Work Policy in Case C -- 5 Concluding Discussion -- References -- Fear-Based Agile Transformations -- Business Development in Large-Scale Agile Software Development: Barriers and Enablers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context and Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Barriers -- 3.2 Enablers -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- AI-assisted Agile -- ChatGPT as a Tool for User Story Quality Evaluation: Trustworthy Out of the Box? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Threats to Validity -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Comparing the Evaluations to the AQUSA Benchmark -- 4.2 ChatGPT-Human Agreement Rate -- 4.3 How to Select an Answer Based on ChatGPT's Output -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Survey of AI Tool Usage in Programming Course: Early Observations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Research Approach -- 4 Results of the Survey -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Summary -- References -- Turning Large Language Models into AI Assistants for Startups Using Prompt Patterns -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Related Literature -- 3 Research Process -- 4 Preliminary Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- ChatGPT as a Fullstack Web Developer - Early Results -- 1 Introduction -- 2 AI Assisted Software Development -- 3 Research Design -- 3.1 Project Background -- 3.2 Project Implementation -- 3.3 Development Environment -- 3.4 Development Process -- 3.5 Implemented Features -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Discussions with ChatGPT -- 4.2 Code -- 4.3 Lessons Learned -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Agile-Quantum SE 2023 -- Reviewing Crypto-Agility and Quantum Resistance in the Light of Agile Practices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Agility and Cybersecurity -- 3 Definition of Crypto-Agility. , 4 Quantum Computing and Quantum Resistance -- 5 Can Agility Help Crypto-Agility? -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Empirical Investigation of Quantum Computing on Solving Complex Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Proposed Method -- 3.1 Input -- 3.2 QC-Circuit -- 3.3 Comparison and Evaluation -- 4 Experimental Procedure -- 5 Result and Discussion -- 6 Implications to Research Community -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Author Index.

Additional Edition: Print version: Kruchten, Philippe Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming - Workshops Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 ISBN 9783031485497

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; proceedings (reports) ; Conference papers and proceedings. ; Actes de congrès. ; Electronic books ; Electronic books

URL: Click to View

URL: SpringerLink

URL: Kortext

URL: Click here to view book

URL: FULL  ((OIS Credentials Required))

URL: FULL  ((OIS Credentials Required))

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (279 pages)

ISBN: 9783030530815

Series Statement: IEA Research for Education Ser. ; v.10

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- About the Editor -- 1 Introduction to Reliability and Validity of International Large-Scale Assessment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Outline of This Book -- References -- 2 Study Design and Evolution, and the Imperatives of Reliability and Validity -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Decisions Informing the Design of IEA Studies and Test Development -- 2.3 Addressing the Challenges -- 2.3.1 Governance and Representation (Validity and Fairness) -- 2.3.2 Reliability and Validity -- 2.3.3 Changing Contexts -- 2.3.4 Compositional Changes -- 2.3.5 Financial Support -- 2.3.6 Expansion in Assessment Activities -- 2.3.7 Heterogeneity -- 2.3.8 Advances in Technology -- 2.3.9 Assessment Delivery -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Framework Development in International Large-Scale Assessment Studies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Assessment Frameworks -- 3.3 Contextual Frameworks -- 3.4 Design and Implementation -- 3.5 Steps in Framework Development -- 3.6 Types of Framework -- 3.6.1 Curriculum-Referenced Frameworks -- 3.6.2 Frameworks for Measuring Outcomes in Cross-Curricular Learning Areas -- 3.6.3 Frameworks for Measuring Real-Life Skills -- 3.6.4 Frameworks for Measuring Contexts -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Assessment Content Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Key Features of ILSAs that Influence Assessment Content Development -- 4.3 Validity in International Large-Scale Assessments -- 4.4 The Assessment Frameworks -- 4.5 Stimulus Material and Item Development: Quality Criteria Associated with Validity -- 4.5.1 Representation of the Construct -- 4.5.2 Technical Quality -- 4.5.3 Level of Challenge -- 4.5.4 Absence of Bias -- 4.5.5 Language and Accessibility -- 4.5.6 Cultural and Religious Contexts -- 4.5.7 Engagement of Test-Takers -- 4.5.8 Scoring Reliability -- 4.6 Stimulus and Item Material: An Overview. , 4.6.1 Stimulus Characteristics, Selection, and Development -- 4.6.2 Item Characteristics and Development -- 4.6.3 Item Types -- 4.7 Phases in the Assessment Development Process -- 4.7.1 Phase 1: Drafting and Sourcing Preliminary Content -- 4.7.2 Phase 2: Item Development -- 4.7.3 Phase 3: The Field Trial and Post Field Trial Review -- 4.7.4 Post Main Survey Test Curriculum Mapping Analysis -- 4.8 Measuring Change Over Time and Releasing Materials for Public Information -- 4.9 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Questionnaire Development in International Large-Scale Assessment Studies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Approaches to Questionnaire Design and Framing -- 5.3 Targeting of Questionnaires to Different Groups and a Diversity of Contexts -- 5.4 Typology of Questions, Item Formats and Resulting Indicators -- 5.5 Development Procedures, Process and Quality Management -- 5.6 Questionnaire Delivery -- 5.7 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Translation: The Preparation of National Language Versions of Assessment Instruments -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Translation Related Developments in IEA Studies -- 6.3 Standards and Generalized Stages of Instrument Production -- 6.4 Source Version and Reference Version -- 6.4.1 Terms Used: Translation Versus Adaptation -- 6.4.2 Collaborative Efforts -- 6.5 Translation and Adaptation -- 6.6 Decentralized Translations and Adaptations -- 6.7 Centralized Verification -- 6.8 Translation Verifiers -- 6.9 Layout Verification -- 6.10 Development Linked to Computer-Based Assessment -- 6.11 Reviewing Results of Translation and Verification Processes -- 6.12 Procedure Chain and Timeline -- 6.13 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Sampling, Weighting, and Variance Estimation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Defining Target Populations -- 7.3 Preparing Valid Sampling Frames for Each Sampling Stage -- 7.4 Sampling Strategies and Sampling Precision. , 7.4.1 Multiple Stage Sampling and Cluster Sampling -- 7.4.2 Stratification -- 7.4.3 Sampling with Probabilities Proportional to Size -- 7.4.4 Estimating Sampling Precision -- 7.5 Weighting and Nonresponse Adjustment -- 7.6 Sampling Adjudication -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Quality Control During Data Collection: Refining for Rigor -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Manuals -- 8.2.1 Early Quality Control Procedures and the Development of Manuals -- 8.2.2 Current Implementation of Manuals -- 8.3 National Quality Control Procedures -- 8.3.1 Development of National Quality Control Procedures -- 8.3.2 Implementation of National Quality Control Procedures -- 8.4 International Quality Control -- 8.4.1 Development of International Quality Control Procedures -- 8.4.2 Implementation of International Quality Control Procedures -- 8.5 Future Directions -- References -- 9 Post-collection Data Capture, Scoring, and Processing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Manual Post-collection Data Capture and Management Training -- 9.2.1 Data Capture from Paper-Based Instruments -- 9.2.2 Software Used for Data Capture -- 9.2.3 Quality Control: Data Entry -- 9.3 Scoring Cognitive Data: Test Booklets -- 9.3.1 Process of Scoring Constructed-Response Cognitive Items -- 9.3.2 Software Used for Scoring Data -- 9.3.3 Quality Control -- 9.4 Coding Data -- 9.4.1 Process of Coding Data -- 9.4.2 Software Used for Coding Data -- 9.4.3 Quality Control -- 9.5 International Data Processing -- 9.5.1 Processes in International Data Processing -- 9.5.2 Software Used for International Data Processing and Analysis -- 9.5.3 Quality Control -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Technology and Assessment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Technology in Education -- 10.3 Promises and Successes of Technology to Reform Assessment Data Collection -- 10.3.1 Efficiency. , 10.3.2 Increased Reliability: Direct Data Capture -- 10.3.3 Inclusion of More Comprehensive Measures of the Overall Construct -- 10.3.4 Reading: Additional Competencies Needed in the Information Age -- 10.3.5 Mathematics and Science: Inclusion of Innovative Problem-Solving Strategies -- 10.3.6 Computational Thinking: Developing Algorithmic Solutions -- 10.3.7 Increased Reliability: Use of Log-File Data -- 10.3.8 Development of More Engaging and Better Matching Assessments -- 10.4 The Transition -- 10.4.1 Delivering Questionnaires Online -- 10.4.2 Computer-Based Assessment -- 10.5 Challenges -- 10.6 The Future: Guiding Principles for the Design of an EAssessment Software -- 10.6.1 Adaptive Testing -- 10.6.2 Translation -- 10.6.3 Printing -- 10.6.4 Web-Based Delivery -- 10.6.5 General Considerations -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Ensuring Validity in International Comparisons Using State-of-the-Art Psychometric Methodologies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Modern Educational Measurement: Item Response Theory -- 11.2.1 From Chess Ranking to the Rasch Model -- 11.2.2 Characteristics of the Rasch Model -- 11.2.3 More General IRT Models -- 11.2.4 Central Assumptions of IRT and Their Importance -- 11.2.5 Unidimensionality -- 11.2.6 Local Independence -- 11.2.7 Population Homogeneity/ Measurement Invariance -- 11.3 Simultaneous Modeling of Individual and Group Differences -- 11.4 Statistical Modeling of Individual and Group Differences in IEA Survey Data -- 11.4.1 Comparability as Generalized Measurement Invariance -- 11.4.2 Multiple-Group IRT Models -- 11.4.3 Population Models Integrating Test and Background Data -- 11.4.4 Group Ability Distributions and Plausible Values -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Publications and Dissemination -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Core Project Publications -- 12.3 Project-Related Publications. , 12.4 Academic Journal -- 12.5 IEA International Research Conference (IRC) -- 12.6 IEA Compass Briefs -- 12.7 Quality Assurance in Publications -- 12.8 Public Dissemination of IEA's Work -- 12.9 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Consequential Validity: Data Access, Data Use, Analytical Support, and Training -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Data Access -- 13.3 Facilitating Analysis: The IEA IDB Analyzer -- 13.4 Capacity Building: Workshops -- 13.4.1 Promoting High-Quality Research Based on Large-Scale Assessment Data -- 13.4.2 The IEA-ETS Research Institute (IERI) -- 13.4.3 IEA International Research Conference -- 13.4.4 Academic Visitors/Scholars -- 13.4.5 IEA Awards -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Using IEA Studies to Inform Policymaking and Program Development: The Case of Singapore -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Why Singapore Participates in International Large-Scale Assessments -- 14.2.1 Participating in International Large-Scale Assessment Facilitates Benchmarking of Student Developmental Outcomes and Educator Practices -- 14.2.2 Participating in International Large-Scale Assessment Provides Additional High-Quality Rich Data Sources for Secondary Analyses -- 14.2.3 Participating in International Large-Scale Assessment Builds International Networks of Educationists and Experts -- 14.3 How MOE Has Used Large-Scale Assessment Data -- 14.3.1 STELLAR: "We Must and Can Do Better!" -- 14.3.2 A New Pedagogical Approach to Learning Science: "We Tried a Different Method, Did It Materialize?" -- 14.3.3 Bold Curricular and Pedagogical Shifts: "We Made Some Trade-Offs, What Did We Sacrifice?" -- 14.4 Some Principles Underpinning MOE's Use of Large-Scale Assessment Data -- References -- 15 Understanding the Policy Influence of International Large-Scale Assessments in Education -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Impact, Influence, and Education Policy. , 15.3 Policy Influence?.

Additional Edition: Print version: Wagemaker, Hans Reliability and Validity of International Large-Scale Assessment Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020 ISBN 9783030530808

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

URL: SpringerLink

URL: https://ezproxy.lau.edu.lb:2443/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53081-5

URL: Click here to view book

URL: Click here to view book

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (725 pages)

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-12-823752-X

Note: Front Cover -- The Migration Ecology of Birds -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface to the first edition -- Preface to the second edition -- 1 Introduction -- Types of bird movements -- Constraints of breeding -- Adaptations for migration -- The diversity of migration -- Difficult journeys -- Sedentary populations -- Hibernation -- Summary -- References -- 2 Methodology for migration studies -- Observations of birds on migration -- Radar studies -- Distribution studies -- Ringing -- Tracking devices -- Very High-Frequency radio-transmitters -- Satellite transmitters -- The mobile phone network -- Geolocation (Global Location Sensing or GLS logging) -- Passive Integrated Transponders tags -- Other sensors -- Effects of tags -- Storage of data -- Future developments -- Isotopes and other internal markers -- Research on captive birds -- Wind tunnels -- Breeding programmes -- Mathematical models -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 1 The migratory process -- 3 Migratory flight -- Body weight, speed and flight mode -- Wing shape -- Power requirements in relation to body weight -- Effects of migratory fattening -- Ascending -- Descending -- Effects of wind conditions -- Cutting the costs of flight -- Consequences of flapping and soaring flight -- The high performance of some migrating waders -- The role of body size in bird migration -- Migration by walking or swimming -- Social factors -- Rest and sleep -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 4 Weather and migration -- Importance of wind -- Correction for drift -- Detection of drift -- Recent developments -- Low level flight -- Soaring species -- Global wind patterns and migration routes -- Altitude of migration -- Changes in conditions with altitude -- Consequences of high-altitude flight -- Diurnal and nocturnal flight -- Reverse migration -- Detours -- Summary. , References -- 5 Fuelling migration -- Energy needs and body composition -- Costs and benefits of body reserves -- Water balance and thermoregulation -- Migration strategies -- Alternative strategies -- Mechanisms of fuel deposition -- Increased feeding rates and feeding times -- Change of diet -- Changes in gut structure and digestive capacity -- Digestive limitations -- Reducing expenditure -- Relative contributions -- Daily rates of weight gain -- Changes in body composition -- Body reserves for survival and breeding -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- Appendix 5.1 Calculation of flight ranges -- References -- 6 Amazing journeys -- Ocean-crossings by landbirds -- Desert crossings -- Trans-Saharan flights -- Physiological constraints -- Asian deserts and mountains -- North American deserts -- High mountains -- Ice fields -- Other remarkable migrations -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 7 Raptors and other soaring birds -- Major routes -- The trans-American flyway -- The Western European-West African flyway -- The Eurasian-East African flyway -- The East Asian Continental flyway -- The East Asian-Oceanic flyway -- Some general points -- Loop migrations -- Use of thermals and other updrafts -- Water crossings -- Extension of migration as a consequence of soaring -- Timing and food supplies -- Multiple wintering areas -- Social factors -- Numbers entering Africa -- Numbers entering Central and South America -- Feeding and energy reserves -- Summary -- References -- 8 Seabird movements -- The marine environment -- Winds and seabird movements -- Migration patterns -- Direct migrations from breeding areas to lower latitudes -- Direct trans-equatorial migrations -- Figure-8 trans-equatorial migrations -- Dispersive migrations -- Migrations to higher latitudes in winter -- Migrations to east or west -- Circumpolar migrations. , Migratory stopovers -- Long-distance foraging trips -- The pre-laying exodus -- Foraging flights during incubation and chick care -- Fattening of chicks -- Pre-breeding years -- Navigational achievements -- Conclusions -- Summary -- References -- 9 Speed and duration of migratory journeys -- Theoretical basis -- Getting around the problems -- Measures of migration speed -- Migration speeds from individual ring recoveries -- Average migration speeds from population-based ring recoveries -- Migration speeds from tracked birds -- Seabird migrations -- Proportion of migration spent in flight -- Penguins -- Migration and geographical range -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 10 Finding the way: senses, displacements and social influences -- Sensory systems -- Orientation and navigation -- Displacement experiments -- Other evidence for inherited directional preferences -- Return of displaced adults to breeding sites -- Return of displaced birds to wintering sites -- Further comments on displacement experiments -- Uncertainties over juveniles -- Convergence of migration routes -- Social influences -- Re-establishment of migration routes -- Summary -- References -- 11 Finding the way: orientation and navigation -- Visual landmarks -- The sun and polarized light -- Evidence that birds use the sun as a compass -- The sun and navigation -- Evidence that birds use polarized light as a compass -- The stars -- The stars and navigation -- Integrated use of celestial cues -- The magnetic field -- Evidence for use of the magnetic field -- Magnetic navigation -- Pelagic seabirds -- Response to specific areas (location cues) -- Magnetic cues and vagrancy -- Odours -- Infrasound and pressure changes -- Cue conflicts -- Conclusions on cue-conflicts and recalibration -- Problems at high latitudes -- Problems at low latitudes -- Rhumblines and great circles. , Dispersive migration -- Concluding remarks -- Genetically encoded spatial information -- Summary -- References -- 2 The timing and control of migration -- 12 Annual cycles -- Variations in annual cycles -- Split migrations -- Other movements -- Geographical and other variations within species -- Relationship between moult and migration -- Breeding seasons split by migration -- Sex and age differences -- Exceptions to general patterns -- Concluding comments on annual cycles -- Non-annual cycles -- Domino effects, catch-ups and delays -- Internal time keeping -- Importance of daylength -- Endogenous rhythms in migrants -- Geographical variation in photoperiodic responses -- Equatorial birds -- Flexible cycles -- Summary -- References -- 13 Migratory control mechanisms -- Obligate and facultative migration -- Role of dominance in facultative migrants -- Migration timing, distances and directions -- Time-distance programmes -- Directional preferences -- Integration of time-distance and direction programmes -- Role of experience -- Migratory fattening and restlessness -- Diurnal patterns -- Autumn migration -- Split migrations -- Relationship between breeding, moult and autumn migration -- Spring migration -- Spread and consistency in spring departure dates within populations -- Different populations of a species wintering in the same area -- Return migration from variable wintering areas -- Relationship between the internal rhythm and prevailing daylength -- Relationship between spring arrival, breeding and autumn departure -- Deferred return to breeding areas -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 14 Stopover ecology -- Breaking the journey -- Important re-fuelling areas -- Resuming the journey -- Change in the diurnal cycle -- Weather and other factors influencing departure -- Other findings -- Age and sex effects -- Conclusions -- Summary. , References -- 3 Large-scale movement patterns -- 15 Seasonal reoccupation of breeding and wintering areas -- Latitudinal trend in the timing of spring -- Species differences in spring migration dates -- Recolonisation patterns -- Patterns within species -- Duration of residence -- Annual variations in spring migration dates -- Evidence on migration timing from the field -- Reoccupation of local breeding areas -- Settlement on territories -- Components of early migration -- Withdrawal from breeding areas -- Competition for winter habitat -- Winter movements -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 16 Geographical patterns in migration -- Latitudinal trends -- Migration and diet -- Causes of latitudinal trend -- Distributional shifts -- Trends within species -- Altitudinal shifts -- Ecological niches -- Comparisons between hemispheres -- Populations in both hemispheres -- Relationship between breeding and wintering areas -- Patterns in distribution -- Comparison of sizes of breeding and wintering areas -- Migration within the southern continents -- Africa -- South America -- Australasia -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 17 Variations on a migratory theme -- Moult migrations -- Moult migration as originally defined -- Altitudinal moult migrations -- Moult at staging sites on autumn migration -- Movements within the breeding season -- Movements within the non-breeding season -- Facultative movements in relation to food supply -- Facultative movements in relation to weather -- Overview -- Opposite-direction migrations -- Nomadism -- Desert wetlands -- Irruptive movements away from deserts -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- References -- 18 Sex and age differences in migration -- Arrival in breeding areas -- How does one sex achieve an earlier arrival than the other? -- Age differences in arrival dates. , Departure from breeding areas.

Additional Edition: Print version: Newton, Ian The Migration Ecology of Birds San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2023 ISBN 9780128237519

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (410 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-309-18350-2 , 1-280-18558-9 , 9786610185580 , 0-309-59236-4 , 0-585-31775-5

Series Statement: Compass series

Note: "Support for this project was provided by the Department of Health and Human Services (Contract Number 500-98-0275)"--T.p. verso. , Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- REVIEWERS -- Preface -- Contents -- Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services -- Summary -- EVIDENCE AND COST ESTIMATES FOR SELECTED SERVICES -- Skin Cancer Screening -- Current Coverage -- Evidence Review, Conclusions, and Cost Estimates -- Medically Necessary Dental Services -- Current Coverage -- Evidence Review, Conclusions, and Cost Estimates -- Eliminating the Time Limit on Coverage of Immunosuppressive Drugs for Transplant Recipients -- Current Coverage -- Evidence Review, Conclusions, and Cost Estimates -- DECIDING COVERAGE FOR PREVENTIVE AND OTHER SERVICES -- Linking Evidence to Medicare Coverage: The Case of Preventive Services -- The Infrastructure for Making Coverage Decisions -- BEYOND COVERAGE -- BEYOND EVIDENCE -- 1 Introduction -- THE MEDICARE PROGRAM -- Historical Background -- Enrollment and Expenditure Trends -- MEDICARE COVERAGE DECISIONS -- Congress -- Health Care Financing Administration -- Administrative Contractors -- COVERAGE, ACCESS TO CARE, AND OUTCOMES -- Rationales for Extending Medicare Coverage -- Insurance and the Use of Health Care Services -- OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT -- 2 Objectives, Principles, and Methods -- OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES -- Criteria and Trade-Offs -- ANALYTIC STRATEGY -- Defining the Intervention, Population, and Outcomes -- Identifying and Assessing the Scientific Literature -- Linking Evidence to Conclusions -- ESTIMATING COSTS TO MEDICARE OF EXTENDING COVERAGE -- Considering Health Outcomes and Costs Together -- 3 Screening for Skin Cancer -- ASSESSMENT APPROACH: INTERVENTION, POPULATION, AND OUTCOMES -- POPULATION BURDEN OF DISEASE -- Melanoma -- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers -- AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT -- Melanoma -- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers. , SCREENING AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES -- Screening -- Diagnosis -- Accuracy of Screening Tests -- Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests -- BENEFITS AND HARMS OF SKIN CANCER SCREENING -- General Issues -- EVIDENCE OF BENEFITS FROM EARLY DETECTION OF SKIN CANCER THROUGH SCREENING -- ESTIMATED COSTS TO MEDICARE OF EXTENDING COVERAGE -- STATEMENTS OF OTHERS ABOUT SKIN CANCER SCREENING -- COMMITTEE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- Findings -- Possible Directions for Future Research -- Conclusions -- 4 Medically Necessary Dental Services -- DEFINING MEDICALLY NECESSARY DENTAL SERVICES -- ASSESSMENT APPROACH: INTERVENTION, POPULATION, AND OUTCOMES -- HEAD AND NECK CANCER -- Burden of Disease -- Treatment of Cancers of the Head and Neck -- Oral Health Problems Associated with Radiation Treatment of Cancers of the Head and Neck -- Dental Care for Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Head and Neck -- Effectiveness of Dental Care in Improving Health Outcomes for Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Radiation -- LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA -- Leukemia -- Burden of Disease -- Oral Health Problems and Leukemias -- Treatment for Leukemias -- Lymphoma -- Burden of Disease -- Oral Health Problems and Lymphomas -- Treatment for Lymphomas -- Oral Health Problems Related to Treatment for Leukemia and Lymphoma -- Dental Care for Patients with Leukemia or Lymphoma -- Effectiveness of Dental Care in Improving Health Outcomes for Leukemia and Lymphoma Patients -- SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTS -- Burden of Disease -- Oral Health Problems and Organ Transplantation -- Dental Care for Patients Before or After Organ Transplantation -- Effectiveness of Dental Care in Improving Health Outcomes for Organ Transplant Recipients -- HEART VALVE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT -- Burden of Disease -- Oral Health Problems and Heart Valve Disease. , Dental Care for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Heart Valve Disease -- Effectiveness of Dental Care in Promoting Better Health Outcomes for Patients with Heart Valve Disease -- ESTIMATED COSTS TO MEDICARE OF EXTENDING COVERAGE -- STATEMENTS OF OTHERS ON "MEDICALLY NECESSARY DENTAL SERVICES" -- COMMITTEE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- Findings -- Cancers of the Head and Neck -- Leukemia -- Lymphoma -- Organ Transplantation -- Heart Valve Repair and Replacement -- Possible Directions for Future Research -- Conclusions -- 5 Immunosuppressive Drugs for Transplant Patients -- EVOLUTION OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUG COVERAGE BY MEDICARE -- ASSESSMENT APPROACH -- BURDEN OF DISEASE -- Need for Immunosuppression -- Waiting Lists for Transplantation -- AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT -- BARRIERS TO ADEQUATE THERAPY -- Following Complex Drug Regimens: General Issues -- Cost of Immunosuppressive Drugs -- Expiration of Medicare Coverage and Alternative Funding -- Evidence About the Effects of Providing or Withdrawing Coverage13 -- ESTIMATED COSTS TO MEDICARE OF EXTENDING COVERAGE -- STATEMENTS OF OTHERS ON COVERAGE FOR IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS -- COMMITTEE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- Findings -- Possible Directions for Further Research -- Conclusions -- 6 Future Directions -- LINKING EVIDENCE TO MEDICARE COVERAGE: THE CASE OF PREVENTIVE SERVICES -- STRENGTHENING THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COVERAGE DECISIONS -- Commitment to Technology Assessment -- Examples of Specific Infrastructure Weaknesses -- Role of Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses -- Linking Evidence to Recommendations -- THE LIMITS OF COVERAGE -- THE LIMITS OF EVIDENCE -- References -- APPENDIX A Study Activities -- INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE COMMITTEE ON MEDICARE COVERAGE EXTENSIONS WORKSHOP ON MEDICALLY NECESSARY DENTAL CARE -- Agenda. , INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE COMMITTEE ON MEDICARE COVERAGE EXTENSIONS WORKSHOP ON SKIN CANCER SCREENING -- Agenda -- INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE COMMITTEE ON MEDICARE COVERAGE EXTENSIONS WORKSHOP ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUG THERAPY -- Agenda -- APPENDIX B Screening for Skin Cancer -- INTRODUCTION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BURDEN OF SUFFERING -- Melanoma -- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer -- NATURAL HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS, AND STAGING OF SKIN CANCER -- Melanoma -- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers -- RECOMMENDATIONS OF SECOND TASK FORCE AND OTHERS -- ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK AND KEY QUESTIONS -- METHODS -- Literature Review -- Data Extraction and Synthesis -- RESULTS -- Accuracy of Screening Tests -- Screening Studies -- Non-Screening Studies -- Risk Factors for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer -- Risk Factors for Melanoma -- Reliability of Measures of Risk -- Use of Risk Assessment in Practice -- Consequences of Screening -- Type of Skin Examination -- Recruitment Strategy -- Procedure for Referring Patients for Follow-Up -- Effectiveness of Early Treatment -- Case-Control Study of Self-Examination -- Comparing Stages of Cancers and Mortality Found in Screening to Those Found in Usual Practice -- Retrospective Studies of the Consequences of Delay in Diagnosis -- Cost-Effectiveness Studies of Screening for Skin Cancer -- SUMMARY -- ADDENDUM B-1 STRATEGY FOR SKIN CANCER SEARCH -- ADDENDUM B-2 SCREENING FOR SKIN CANCER: INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR EVIDENCE TABLES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX C Medically Necessary Dental Services -- OVERVIEW -- What Are Medically Necessary Dental Services? -- Selected Clinical Conditions Under Consideration -- Currently Covered Dental Services Under Medicare -- Increasing Number of Persons 65 and Above Who Are Retaining Natural Teeth -- Decision Framework for Medically Necessary Dental Services -- Decision Analytical Framework -- General Analytic Approach. , CONDITION 1: HEAD AND NECK CANCER -- Introduction -- Methods -- General Observations from the Literature Search -- Acute and Chronic Complications of Radiation Therapy to the Head and Neck Region -- Pretreatment Dental Assessment -- Prevalence of Dental Disease in the At-Risk Population -- Preventive Dental Treatment Needs -- Efficacy of Pretreatment Care: Aggressive Extraction-No Prevention Versus Dental Preservation Approach -- Influence of Paradigm Shift to Dental Preservation on Incidence of Osteoradionecrosis -- Is There a Role for Prophylactic Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Prevention of Osteoradionecrosis from Postradiation… -- What Treatment Is Required to Manage Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws? -- What Is the Quality of Life Impact of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment? -- Summary -- CONDITIONS 2 AND 3: LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA -- Introduction -- Methods -- Leukemia -- Leukemia Incidence and Burden -- Leukemia-Clinical Oral Aspects -- Lymphoma -- Lymphoma Incidence and Burden -- Lymphoma-Clinical Oral Aspects -- Oral Complications of Treatment for Leukemia and Lymphoma: Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation -- Oral Sources of Septicemia in Patients with Hematologic or Lymphatic Malignancies -- Role of Prechemotherapy Dental Treatment in Reducing Septicemias -- Oral Mucositis Treatment -- CONDITION 4: ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION -- Introduction -- Methods -- Infections -- Immunosuppression Therapy -- Pre-Transplant Oral Considerations -- What Type of Dental Services Could Be Considered Medically Necessary? -- Early Detection of Dental Problems -- Posttransplant Considerations -- Other Oral Lesions in Transplant Recipients -- Summary -- CONDITION 5: HEART VALVE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT -- Introduction -- Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement of Valvular Heart Disease -- Methods -- Results -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Overview. , Head and Neck Cancer. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-309-06889-4

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (430 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-812434-2 , 0-12-812433-4

Note: Front Cover -- Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors' Biography -- Introduction to the Role of the Epigenome in Health and Disease -- Section 1: Histone Modifications and Chromatin Structure -- Chapter 1-1: Role of Histone Acetylation and Acetyltransferases in Gene Regulation -- Introduction -- History and Overview -- Nucleosome Assembly -- Chromatin Folding -- Gene Expression -- DNA Damage Repair -- Toxicoepigenetic Relevance -- Histone Acetyltransferases -- Families and Structures -- Regulation of HATs -- Transcriptional Activation -- HAT Complexes -- SAGA Transcription Regulatory Complex -- NuA4 Transcription Regulatory Complex -- Elongator Complex -- Chromatin Remodeling Complexes -- Global Histone Acetylation -- Role of Histone Acetyltransferases in Gene Activation -- Recruitment of Transcriptional Machinery -- Active Genes -- Inducible/Repressed Genes -- Environmental Exposure -- Histone Deacetylases -- Families -- Catalytic Mechanisms and Structures -- Regulation of HDAC Activity -- Role of HDACs at Active Genes -- Deacetylation and Gene Repression -- HDAC Complexes -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 1-2: The Role of Histone Methylation and Methyltransferases in Gene Regulation -- Introduction -- Site Specificity of Histone Methylation -- Lysine Methylation -- H2BK5 Methylation -- H3K4 Methylation -- H3K9 Methylation -- H3K27 Methylation -- H3K36 Methylation -- H3K79 Methylation -- H4K20 Methylation -- H4K5 Methylation -- Arginine Methylation -- Glutamine Methylation -- Regulation of Histone Methylation -- Posttranscriptional Modifications -- Noncoding RNAs -- Regulation of Xenobiotic Biotransformation-Related Genes by Histone Methylation -- Histone Methylation and Human Diseases -- Histone Methylation and Cancer. , Histone Methylation and Neurological Disorders -- Histone Methylation and Other Diseases -- Histone Methylation and the Toxicity of Chemicals -- Heavy Metals -- Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs) -- Human Genotoxic Chemical Carcinogens From Occupational and Environmental Exposure -- Other Xenobiotics -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 1-3: Chromatin Accessibility as a Strategy to Detect Changes Associated With Development, Disease, and Exposure a ... -- Chromatin Accessibility as a Marker of Cell Lineage -- Methods for Determining Chromatin Architecture and Accessibility -- DNase I Hypersensitivity Assays -- Micrococcal Nuclease Assays -- Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) -- Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC) -- Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome Sequencing (NOMe-seq) -- Single Cell Assays for Determining Chromatin Accessibility in Heterogenous Cell Populations -- Chromatin Accessibility and Disease -- Understanding How Environmental Factors Influence Chromatin Accessibility -- Chromatin Accessibility and Cancer -- Chromatin Signature as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Cancer -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 1-4: Implications for Chromatin Biology in Toxicology -- Changes in Chromatin Modification States Are Important in Aging and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease -- Mechanisms by Which Toxicant Exposures Alter the Chromatin Landscape -- Repressive Histone Marks and Polycomb Group Proteins -- Xenoestrogens -- Arsenic -- COMPASS Complex -- Xenoestrogens -- Arsenic -- The Histone Methyltransferase G9a -- Phthalates -- Arsenic -- Histone Acetylation -- Organotins -- Phthalates -- Dioxin -- Lead -- Chromium -- Arsenic -- Applications of Chromatin Biology to Toxicological Studies -- Summary -- References -- Section 2: DNA Methylation. , Chapter 2-1: The Role of DNA Methylation in Gene Regulation -- Chapter Overview -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of DNA Methylation -- De Novo DNA Methylation -- Maintenance DNA Methylation -- DNA Methylation Patterns and the Developing Organism -- X-Chromosome Inactivation -- Imprinted Genes and Development -- Transposable Elements -- DNA Methylation as a Regulator of Gene Expression -- DNA Methylation in Gene Promoters Affects Transcription Factor Binding and Vice Versa -- DNA Methylation Recruits Methyl-CpG Binding Proteins and Remodels Chromatin -- DNA Methylation in the Gene Body Impacts Transcription -- DNA Demethylation -- TET-Mediated Oxidation and Demethylation -- Applications of DNA Methylation in Understanding and Treating Disease -- Environmental Links to DNA Methylation -- DNA Methylation as a Biomarker for Identifying and Understanding Disease -- DNA Methylation in Disease Therapy -- References -- Chapter 2-2: Implications of DNA Methylation in Toxicology -- Introduction -- Detection of DNA Methylation -- Bisulfite Methods of DNA Methylation Detection -- Direct Methods of Locus-Specific or Global DNA Methylation Detection -- Direct Methods of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Detection -- Principles of DNA Methylation Modification -- Conservation of DNA Methylation Dynamics -- Diet-Induced Changes to DNA Methylation -- Evolutionary Conservation in Diet and DNA Methylation -- Background Diet Considerations in Rodents -- Caloric Restriction and DNA Methylation -- Macronutrient Restriction -- Macronutrient Shifts -- Micronutrient or Trace Mineral Deficiencies -- Pharmaceuticals -- Metals -- Metals as Toxicants -- High Density Metals -- Light Metals -- Organic Toxicants -- Nonchemical Stress -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2-3: DNA Methylation as a Biomarker in Environmental Epidemiology. , Methylomics as a Potential Biomarker for Both Disease and Toxic Exposures -- Methylomics of WBCs in Relation to Disease Causation and Toxic Exposures -- Methodological Considerations in Methylome-Wide Association Studies -- Platforms That Assess Single-Base Resolution Methylation -- Array-Based: MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Infinium) Microarray -- Next-Generation Sequencing -- Preprocessing and Normalization -- MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Infinium) Microarray -- Bisulfite Sequencing -- Addressing Confounding -- Inclusion of Technical Replicates -- Calculation for Differentially Methylated Sites -- Calculation for Differentially Methylated Regions -- Methylomics as a Potential Biomarker for Both Disease and Toxic Exposures -- Example: Smoking and AHRR Methylation -- Example: Air Pollution and DNA Methylation -- Example: Biological Aging as Measured by the Epigenetic Clock -- Example: VTRNA2-1 as a Metastable Epiallele -- Example: Epigenetic Pathway Linking Prenatal Maternal Stress and Wheeze in Children -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2-4: DNA Hydroxymethylation: Implications for Toxicology and Epigenetic Epidemiology -- Introduction -- Chemistry of DNA Hydroxymethylation -- The Sixth-Base of Cytosine -- Distribution of 5-hmC in the Genome -- Changes in 5-hmC Level During Development -- Measurement of 5-hmC -- Global 5-hmC Measurement -- Locus-Specific 5-hmC Measurement -- DNA Immunoprecipitation (DIP) -- Enzymatic and Chemical Modifications -- Single Molecule Detection -- Exposures to Environmental Toxicants/Stressors and Changes in 5-hmC -- Heavy Metals -- Environmental Estrogens -- Air Pollutants -- Pesticides -- Ionizing Radiation -- Lifestyle -- Aging -- Discussion and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 3: Noncoding RNAs -- Chapter 3-1: The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Gene Regulation -- Introduction. , Overview of Noncoding RNAs -- Transfer and Ribosomal RNA -- Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) -- Competitive Endogenous RNA -- Long Intervening Noncoding RNA -- Enhancer RNA -- Short Noncoding RNA -- Piwi-Interacting RNA -- Small Nuclear RNA -- Short Nucleolar RNA -- MicroRNA -- Short Interfering RNA -- MicroRNA Discovery -- MicroRNA Biogenesis and Regulation -- Pri-miRNA Transcription and Regulation -- Pri-miRNA Processing and Nuclear Export -- Maturation of miRNA RISC Formation -- Regulation of Mature miRNA by ceRNA -- Biological Roles of MicroRNA -- Gene Target Silencing -- Target Degradation Pathway -- Translational Repression -- miRNA-Mediated Gene Target Upregulation -- Enhanced Biological Impact of miRNAs Through Feedback Loops -- Positive Feedback Loop -- Negative Feedback Loop -- Switching Loops -- Biofluid-Based Biomarkers and Cell Communication -- Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3-2: miRNAs and lncRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure -- Introduction -- miRNAs and Toxicological Response to Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Altered miRNA Profile -- Bisphenol A -- Phthalates -- Exposure to Metals -- Exposure to Particles -- Nanoparticles -- Cigarette Smoking -- lncRNAs and Toxicological Response to Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Altered lncRNA Profile -- Bisphenol A -- Exposure to Metals and lncRNA Expression -- Cigarette Smoking and lncRNA Profile -- Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Section 4: Special Considerations in Toxicoepigenetics Research -- Chapter 4-1: Germline and Transgenerational Impacts of Toxicant Exposures -- Introduction -- The Germline -- Germline Specification and the Importance of the Epigenetic Repression of Somatic Fates -- PGC's Epigenetic Reprogramming: A Critical Period. , Transgenerational Effects Stemming From Environmental Exposures.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 264 Seiten).

Edition: 1st ed. 2022

ISBN: 978-3-031-08514-7

Series Statement: YSEC Yearbook of Socio-Economic Constitutions 2021

Content: This volume addresses contemporary challenges, enabled by modern technology, that concern upholding freedom of speech where it conflicts with social rights, such as respect for private and family life, and with economic rights, such as the freedom to conduct business or the right to free movement. In today's networked world, technological shifts happen faster than most people even realize. Some of these shifts have made us all potentially powerful: media powerful. We used to sit in silence in front of newspapers and TV screens, and the world was explained to us by just a few sources. Today, thanks to the Internet, social media, and Web 2.0, we can not only share our own thoughts with everyone in a more self-determined way, but we can also take part in public debate and even co-shape it ourselves. Of course, the Internet is not a counter-design to the communication (power) structures of the past.

Content: Gains in communicative self-determination are threatened due to algorithmisation, platformisation, and value extraction from self-created private markets. At the same time, the empowerment of the individual challenges the old "grand speakers" who are suddenly detecting "fake news", echo chambers, and filter bubbles everywhere on the Internet. Internet-based communication allegedly hinders us from the "one truth"; as if newspaper hoaxes, propaganda, and narrow-mindedness were an invention of the Internet. The current heated debate over "fake news", copyright, and "upload filters" shows that we are unsure of how to deal with the newer and more complex phenomena of Internet-based speech. This is due in no small part to the fact that an important benchmark - our constitutional compass - is still firmly rooted in the past. Constitutions change far more slowly than technologies.

Content: Societal changes can drive constitutional changes; but what about normative content control? Today, there are already demands for "old-school clarity": truth filters on social media platforms, horrendous sums of liability for platforms that encourage (overly)thorough cleaning up. However, it is equally true that private individuals "regulate": they decide what is found on the Internet and who may post on a given platform. Accounting for all interests at play and striking a "fair" balance that avoids both a public and private over- and under-regulation is a complex matter. The authors of this volume not only provide reflections in their highly topical contributions, but also share their understanding of what constitutes a fair balance within the larger frame of freedom of speech in a digital age

Note: Introduction -- Part I - Constitutional Challenges Protecting the Freedom of Speech after the Technology Shift: The Impact of the New Mediators of the Digital Age on Freedom of Speech -- Freedom of Speech in the Digital Era - Leveraging its Constitutional and Social Ramifications -- Internet Platforms and Freedom of Expression in Constitution-Making -- Part II - Regulating Freedom of Speech after the Technology Shift: Let the Robot Speak! AI-generated Speech and Freedom of Expression -- Private Life, Freedom of Expression and the Role of Transnational Digital Platforms. A European Perspective -- The Freedom to Conduct a Business as a Counterargument to Limit Platform Users' Freedom of Expression -- Who Watches the Watchmen? - Social Media and Election Securitization -- Part III - Indirect Regulation for the Protection of the Freedom of Speech: The Marketplace of Ideas and EU Competition Law: Can Antitrust Be Used to Protect the Freedom of Speech? -- Building a Surveillance State in a Digital Age and What Export Control can(not) do about it? -- Part IV - Book Reviews: Anil Yilmaz Vastardis, The Nationality of Corporate Investors under International Investment Law -- Nicolás M. Perrone, Investment Treaties and the Legal Imagination: How Foreign Investors Play by Their Own Rules

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031085130

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031085154

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031085161

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08514-7

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: VII, 286 S. ; , cm.

Edition: 1. publ.

Language: English

Subjects: Dutch Studies

Keywords: Niederländisch ; Kolonialliteratur ; Postkoloniale Literatur ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift

URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025755404&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA

Author information: Dewulf, Jeroen 1972-

UID:

Format: VI, 248 p. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2002.

ISBN: 9780306475566

Series Statement: Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation ; 27

Content: Without a clear and organized view of where and how entrepreneurship manifests itself, policy makers have been left in uncharted waters without an analytical compass. The purpose of this book is to provide such an analytical compass for directing how public policy can shape and promote entrepreneurship. We do this in two ways. The first is to provide a framework for policymakers and scholars to understand what determines entrepreneurship. The second is to apply this framework to a series of cases, or country studies. In particular, this book seeks to answer three questions about entrepreneurship: What has happened over time? Why did it happen? And, what has been the role of government policy? The cornerstone of the book is the proposed Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship. The goal of the Eclectic Theory is to provide a unified framework for understanding and analyzing the determinants of entrepreneurship. The Eclectic Theory of entrepreneurship integrates the different strands from relevant fields into a unifying, coherent framework. At the heart of the Eclectic Theory is the integration of factors shaping the demand for entrepreneurship on the one hand, with those influencing the supply of entrepreneurs on the other hand. The key to understanding the role of public policy is through identifying those channels shifting either the demand for or the supply of entrepreneurship by policy instruments. The findings in this book show that, by utilizing the framework provided by the Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship, it is within the grasp of policymakers to identify the determinants of entrepreneurship in a particular country setting at a particular point in time. This will be essential in formulating new public policies to promote entrepreneurship and, ultimately, economic growth, job creation and international competitiveness.

Note: Understanding Entrepreneurship Across Countries and Over Time -- An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: Policies, Institutions and Culture -- Determinants of Entrepreneurship in France -- Determinants of Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands -- Determinants of Entrepreneurship in Germany -- Determinants of Entrepreneurship in The United States of America.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781475776089

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9780792376859

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781475776072

Language: English

Subjects: Economics

Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung

DOI: 10.1007/b109395

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b109395

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xiii, 311 p.) : , ill.

ISBN: 9780857939753 (e-book)

Series Statement: Elgar original reference

Content: Global economic challenges and political upheavals underscore the importance of geopolitical understanding in the management of the contemporary corporation. Handbook on the Geopolitics of Business assembles a global cast of thought leaders in the geopolitical arena. The insights offered are highly valuable to students, corporate executives, entrepreneurs, government officials, and policy makers. This serves as a compass that would help you find your bearings in the complex world of international business. Ilan Alon, Rollins College, US In recent years, rapid globalization, novel technologies and business models, as well as economic and political changes have transformed the international business landscape. This pioneering volume offers a comprehensive discussion of the new global terrain and makes a strong case for the consideration of geopolitics in both the study and practice of modern-day business. Featuring original contributions from experts across the world, this Handbook provides a solid foundation for both understanding and responding to recent changes and trends in global economics, politics, and business. Topics discussed include the shifting nature of international trade, economic growth in emerging economies, voluntary sustainability codes, management in international corporations, organization of mega-events, entrepreneurship and geopolitical risk, and investment law and firm behavior. This volume offers important implications for both the academic and corporate communities. It will appeal to professors and students of international business and management, economics and political sciences. Offering groundbreaking perspectives that drive contemporary business strategy, this book is also highly valuable to global managers, entrepreneurs and policy makers.

Note: pt. I. Geopolitics and the business environment -- pt. II. Managing geopolitics -- pt. III. Geopolitics and strategy.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780857939746 (hardback)

Language: English

Subjects: Economics

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: http://www.elgaronline.com/abstract/9780857939746.xml

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: http://www.elgaronline.com/abstract/9780857939746.xml