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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Zürich :Juris-Verl.,
    UID:
    almahu_BV003149576
    Format: 222 S.
    ISBN: 3-260-03196-0
    Note: Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss.
    Language: English
    Subjects: Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures , English Studies
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Deutsch ; Kompositum ; Motivierung ; Englisch ; Kompositum ; Motivierung ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 2
    UID:
    b3kat_BV003035138
    Format: 222 S.
    ISBN: 3260031960
    Note: Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 1971
    Language: German
    Subjects: German Studies
    RVK:
    Keywords: Englisch ; Kompositum ; Motivierung ; Deutsch ; Kompositum ; Motivierung ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 3
    UID:
    almafu_BV026377556
    Format: 222 S. : , graph. Darst.
    Note: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 1982
    Language: English
    Subjects: German Studies
    RVK:
    Keywords: Englisch ; Kompositum ; Motivierung ; Deutsch ; Kompositum ; Motivierung ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1504718437
    Format: Online-Ressource (4060 XII S., S. 804 - 1560)
    ISBN: 9783110246278 , 9783110394689 , 9783112147337
    Series Statement: De Gruyter eBook-Paket Linguistik
    Content: This handbook comprises an in-depth presentation of the state of the art in word-formation. The four volumes contain 207 articles written by leading international scholars. The 16 sections of the handbook provide the reader in general articles and individual studies with a wide variety of perspectives. The final section contains 74 portraits of word-formation in the individual languages of Europe and offers an innovative perspective
    Note: Literaturangaben , Contents; Volume 2; IV. Rules and restrictions in word-formation I: General aspects; 45. Rules, patterns and schemata in word-formation · Heike Baeskow; 46. Word-formation and analogy · Sabine Arndt-Lappe; 47. Productivity · Livio Gaeta and Davide Ricca; 48. Restrictions in word-formation · Livio Gaeta; V. Rules and restrictions in word-formation II: Special cases; 49. Argument-structural restrictions on word-formation patterns · Holden Härtl; 50. Phonological restrictions on English word-formation · Renate Raffelsiefen; 51. Morphological restrictions on English word-formation · Lothar Peter , 52. Semantic restrictions on word-formation: the English suffix -ee · Heike Baeskow53. Dissimilatory phenomena in French word-formation · Marc Plénat; 54. Closing suffixes · Stela Manova; 55. Closing suffix patterns in Russian · Dmitri Sitchinava; VI. Semantics and pragmatics in word-formation I: General aspects; 56. Motivation, compositionality, idiomatization · Daniela Marzo; 57. Word-formation and folk etymology · Sascha Michel; 58. Categories of word-formation · Volkmar Lehmann; 59. Schemata and semantic roles in word-formation · Hanspeter Ortner and Lorelies Ortner , 60. Word-formation and argument structure · Manfred Bierwisch61. Word-formation and metonymy · Manfred Bierwisch; 62. The pragmatics of word-formation · Lavinia Merlini Barbaresi; VII. Semantics and pragmatics in word-formation II: Special cases; 63. Noun-noun compounds · Christina L. Gagné and Thomas L. Spalding; 64. Gender marking · Ursula Doleschal; 65. Singulatives · Paolo Acquaviva; 66. Collectives · Wiltrud Mihatsch; 67. Action nouns · Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm; 68. Action nouns in Romance · Livio Gaeta; 69. Verbal nouns in Celtic · Paul Russell , 70. Nominalization in Hungarian · Tibor Laczkó71. Result nouns · Chiara Melloni; 72. Quality nouns · Franz Rainer; 73. Status nouns · Hans Christian Luschützky; 74. Agent and instrument nouns · Franz Rainer; 75. Patient nouns · Susanne Mühleisen; 76. Place nouns · Bogdan Szymanek; 77. Intensification · Franz Rainer; 78. Negation · Marisa Montero Curiel; 79. Negation in the Slavic and Germanic languages · Jozef Pavlovic; 80. Spatial and temporal relations in German word-formation · Ludwig M. Eichinger; 81. Adverbial categories · Davide Ricca; 82. Denominal verbs · Andrew McIntyre , 83. Valency-changing word-formation · Dieter Wunderlich84. Word-formation and lexical aspect: deverbal verbs in Italian · Nicola Grandi; 85. Word-formation and aspect in Samoyedic · Beáta Wagner-Nagy; 86. Verbal prefixation in Slavic: a minimalist approach · Petr Biskup and Gerhild Zybatow; 87. Denumeral categories · Bernhard Fradin; 88. The semantics and pragmatics of Romance evaluative suffixes · Martin Hummel; 89. Morphopragmatics in Slavic · Alicja Nagórko , In English
    In: Band 40,2
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110246261
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Word-Formation ; Vol. 2 Berlin [u.a.] : De Gruyter Mouton, 2015 ISBN 9783110246261
    Additional Edition: ISBN 3110246260
    Language: English
    Keywords: Wortbildung ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
    Author information: Ungeheuer, Gerold 1930-1982
    Author information: Rainer, Franz 1957-
    Author information: Olsen, Susan 1948-
    Author information: Müller, Peter O. 1955-
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tübingen : Narr Francke Attempto Verlag | Tübingen :Narr Francke Attempto Verlag,
    UID:
    edoccha_9961432906002883
    Format: 1 online resource (295 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 3-8233-7384-6
    Series Statement: Language in Performance (LIP) 37
    Content: Since the middle of the twentieth century it has been widely believed that English words are less integrated into word families than German words. Ernst Leisi attributed this so-called dissociation to the large proportion of Romance words that have entered the originally Germanic English language in the course of its history. Even though fairly common, these hypotheses have not yet been tested empirically. This book thus presents a long-due study which subjects the 2,500 most frequent English and German lemmas to various analyses. For instance, they are analysed into constituents to which they are both formally and semantically related. In addition, morphosemantically related complex words containing the English and German list items are sought for. The approach adopted here, which considers a variety of variables such as formal differences and semantic obstacles, allows for a highly differentiated answer to the question whether the English vocabulary is dissociated or not. The last part of the book discusses the relevance of the study's surprising results with respect to the mental lexicon as well as language learning and teaching.
    Note: [1. Auflage] , Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Index -- Tables -- Figures -- 1 Introduction to the concepts ofconsociation and dissociation -- 1.1 Definitions -- 1.2 Influences on Leisi's definitions -- 1.3 The currency of consociation and dissociation aslinguistic terms and concepts -- 1.4 Conclusion -- 2 Terminology -- 2.1 Consociation and dissociation -- 2.2 Motivation and motivatability -- 2.2.1 Phonetic-semantic motivation -- 2.2.2 Orthographic-semantic motivation -- 2.2.3 Morphosemantic motivation -- 2.2.3.1 Partial motivatability and transparency -- 2.2.4 Semantic motivation -- 2.2.5 Etymological motivation -- 2.2.6 Motivation by foreign elements -- 2.2.7 Interlingual motivation -- 2.2.8 Motivatability in the present study -- 2.3 Expandability -- 2.3.1 Qualitative measurement of expandability -- 2.3.2 Partial expandability -- 2.3.3 Expandability and word formation -- 2.3.4 Expandability in the present study -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Design of the research project -- 3.1 Material -- 3.1.1 Preliminary considerations -- 3.1.2 Corpora -- 3.1.2.1 British National Corpus -- 3.1.2.2 DWDS Core Corpus -- 3.1.3 Criteria for the extraction of frequency lists from thecorpora -- 3.2 Status codes -- 3.2.1 Excluded items -- 3.2.2 Shortenings -- 3.2.3 Proper nouns -- 3.2.4 Items derived from numbers, proper nouns and acronyms -- 3.3 Analysis of motivatability -- 3.3.1 Sources -- 3.3.2 Motivatability codes -- 3.3.2.1 Unmotivatable items -- 3.3.2.2 Partially motivatable items -- 3.3.2.3 Completely motivatable items -- 3.3.3 Principles -- 3.4 Analysis of expandability -- 3.4.1 Sources -- 3.4.1.1 Dictionaries -- 3.4.1.2 Corpora -- 3.4.1.3 Source codes -- 3.4.2 Expandability codes -- 3.4.3 Principles -- 3.5 Etymological analysis -- 3.5.1 Sources -- 3.5.2 Word origin -- 3.5.3 Period of first attestation -- 3.5.4 Principles -- 3.5.5 Etymological codes -- 4 Results. , 4.1 British National Corpus -- 4.1.1 Frequency -- 4.1.2 Word length -- 4.1.3 Part of speech -- 4.1.4 Morphology -- 4.1.4.1 Compounds -- 4.1.4.2 Affixes -- 4.1.5 Etymology -- 4.1.5.1 Etymological origin -- 4.1.5.2 Period of origin -- 4.1.5.3 Etymological origin and period of origin -- 4.1.6 Motivatability -- 4.1.6.1 Motivatability and frequency -- 4.1.6.2 Motivatability and part of speech -- 4.1.6.3 Motivatability and word length -- 4.1.6.4 Motivatability and etymological origin -- 4.1.6.5 Motivatability and period of origin -- 4.1.7 Expandability -- 4.1.7.1 Expandability and frequency -- 4.1.7.2 Expandability and source size -- 4.1.7.3 Expandability and word length -- 4.1.7.4 Expandability and etymological origin -- 4.1.7.5 Expandability and period of origin -- 4.1.8 Consociation -- 4.1.8.1 Consociation and frequency -- 4.1.8.2 Consociation and part of speech -- 4.1.8.3 Consociation and word length -- 4.1.8.4 Consociation and etymological origin -- 4.1.8.5 Consociation and period of origin -- 4.1.9 Dissociation -- 4.1.9.1 Dissociation and frequency -- 4.1.9.2 Dissociation and part of speech -- 4.1.9.3 Dissociation and word length -- 4.1.9.4 Dissociation and etymological origin -- 4.1.9.5 Dissociation and period of origin -- 4.2 DWDS Core Corpus -- 4.2.1 Frequency -- 4.2.2 Word length -- 4.2.3 Morphology -- 4.2.3.1 Compounds -- 4.2.3.2 Affixes -- 4.2.4 Etymological origin -- 4.2.5 Motivatability -- 4.2.5.1 Motivatability and frequency -- 4.2.5.2 Motivatability and word length -- 4.2.6 Expandability -- 4.2.6.1 Expandability and frequency -- 4.2.6.2 Expandability and source size -- 4.2.6.3 Expandability and word length -- 4.2.6.4 Expandability and etymological origin -- 4.2.7 Consociation -- 4.2.7.1 Consociation and frequency -- 4.2.7.2 Consociation and word length -- 4.2.7.3 Consociation and etymological origin -- 4.2.8 Dissociation. , 4.2.8.1 Dissociation and frequency -- 4.2.8.2 Dissociation and part of speech -- 4.2.8.3 Dissociation and word length -- 4.2.8.4 Dissociation and etymological origin -- 4.3 English vs. German -- 4.3.1 Word length -- 4.3.2 Frequency -- 4.3.3 Morphology -- 4.3.3.1 Compounds -- 4.3.3.2 Affixes -- 4.3.4 Etymology -- 4.3.5 Motivatability -- 4.3.5.1 Motivatability and frequency -- 4.3.5.2 Motivatability and etymological origin -- 4.3.6 Expandability -- 4.3.6.1 Expandability and source size -- 4.3.6.2 Expandability and etymological origin -- 4.3.7 Consociation -- 4.3.8 Dissociation -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Testing the hypotheses -- 5.1.1 Hypothesis 1: Motivatability is higher in German than inEnglish -- 5.1.2 Hypothesis 2: Expandability is higher in German than inEnglish -- 5.1.3 Hypothesis 3: German is a considerably consociatedlanguage -- 5.1.4 Hypothesis 4: English is a considerably dissociatedlanguage -- 5.1.5 Hypothesis 5: There are more Germanic than Romancewords among the high-frequency lemmas -- 5.1.6 Hypothesis 6: Motivatability is higher in Germanic than inRomance words. -- 5.1.7 Hypothesis 7: Consociation is higher in Germanic than inRomance words -- 5.1.8 Hypothesis 8: Old words are less motivatable but moreexpandable than recent words -- 5.2 Alternative results -- 5.2.1 A more restrictive approach -- 5.2.2 A less restrictive approach -- 5.2.3 Conclusion -- 5.3 Comparison with previous studies -- 5.3.1 Fill (1980) -- 5.3.2 Scheidegger (1981) -- 5.3.3 Summary -- 5.4 Limitations and countermeasures -- 6 Consociation and dissociation inperspective -- 6.1 Psycholinguistic perspective: the mental lexicon -- 6.1.1 Full listing vs. minimal listing -- 6.1.2 The effect of consociation/dissociation on the mentallexicon -- 6.1.2.1 The effect of motivatability -- 6.1.2.2 The effect of expandability -- 6.1.2.3 Conclusion. , 6.2 Didactic perspective: vocabulary learning andteaching -- 6.2.1 The effect of full motivatability -- 6.2.2 The effect of partial motivatability -- 6.2.3 The effect of transparency -- 6.2.4 The effect of expandability -- 6.2.5 The effect of a Romance origin -- 6.2.6 Conclusion and application in the classroom -- 6.3 Concluding remarks -- 7 Bibliography -- 7.1 Printed sources and CD-ROMs -- 7.2 Internet sources.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 3-8233-6384-0
    Language: German
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tübingen : Narr Francke Attempto Verlag | Tübingen :Narr Francke Attempto Verlag,
    UID:
    edocfu_9961432906002883
    Format: 1 online resource (295 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 3-8233-7384-6
    Series Statement: Language in Performance (LIP) 37
    Content: Since the middle of the twentieth century it has been widely believed that English words are less integrated into word families than German words. Ernst Leisi attributed this so-called dissociation to the large proportion of Romance words that have entered the originally Germanic English language in the course of its history. Even though fairly common, these hypotheses have not yet been tested empirically. This book thus presents a long-due study which subjects the 2,500 most frequent English and German lemmas to various analyses. For instance, they are analysed into constituents to which they are both formally and semantically related. In addition, morphosemantically related complex words containing the English and German list items are sought for. The approach adopted here, which considers a variety of variables such as formal differences and semantic obstacles, allows for a highly differentiated answer to the question whether the English vocabulary is dissociated or not. The last part of the book discusses the relevance of the study's surprising results with respect to the mental lexicon as well as language learning and teaching.
    Note: [1. Auflage] , Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Index -- Tables -- Figures -- 1 Introduction to the concepts ofconsociation and dissociation -- 1.1 Definitions -- 1.2 Influences on Leisi's definitions -- 1.3 The currency of consociation and dissociation aslinguistic terms and concepts -- 1.4 Conclusion -- 2 Terminology -- 2.1 Consociation and dissociation -- 2.2 Motivation and motivatability -- 2.2.1 Phonetic-semantic motivation -- 2.2.2 Orthographic-semantic motivation -- 2.2.3 Morphosemantic motivation -- 2.2.3.1 Partial motivatability and transparency -- 2.2.4 Semantic motivation -- 2.2.5 Etymological motivation -- 2.2.6 Motivation by foreign elements -- 2.2.7 Interlingual motivation -- 2.2.8 Motivatability in the present study -- 2.3 Expandability -- 2.3.1 Qualitative measurement of expandability -- 2.3.2 Partial expandability -- 2.3.3 Expandability and word formation -- 2.3.4 Expandability in the present study -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Design of the research project -- 3.1 Material -- 3.1.1 Preliminary considerations -- 3.1.2 Corpora -- 3.1.2.1 British National Corpus -- 3.1.2.2 DWDS Core Corpus -- 3.1.3 Criteria for the extraction of frequency lists from thecorpora -- 3.2 Status codes -- 3.2.1 Excluded items -- 3.2.2 Shortenings -- 3.2.3 Proper nouns -- 3.2.4 Items derived from numbers, proper nouns and acronyms -- 3.3 Analysis of motivatability -- 3.3.1 Sources -- 3.3.2 Motivatability codes -- 3.3.2.1 Unmotivatable items -- 3.3.2.2 Partially motivatable items -- 3.3.2.3 Completely motivatable items -- 3.3.3 Principles -- 3.4 Analysis of expandability -- 3.4.1 Sources -- 3.4.1.1 Dictionaries -- 3.4.1.2 Corpora -- 3.4.1.3 Source codes -- 3.4.2 Expandability codes -- 3.4.3 Principles -- 3.5 Etymological analysis -- 3.5.1 Sources -- 3.5.2 Word origin -- 3.5.3 Period of first attestation -- 3.5.4 Principles -- 3.5.5 Etymological codes -- 4 Results. , 4.1 British National Corpus -- 4.1.1 Frequency -- 4.1.2 Word length -- 4.1.3 Part of speech -- 4.1.4 Morphology -- 4.1.4.1 Compounds -- 4.1.4.2 Affixes -- 4.1.5 Etymology -- 4.1.5.1 Etymological origin -- 4.1.5.2 Period of origin -- 4.1.5.3 Etymological origin and period of origin -- 4.1.6 Motivatability -- 4.1.6.1 Motivatability and frequency -- 4.1.6.2 Motivatability and part of speech -- 4.1.6.3 Motivatability and word length -- 4.1.6.4 Motivatability and etymological origin -- 4.1.6.5 Motivatability and period of origin -- 4.1.7 Expandability -- 4.1.7.1 Expandability and frequency -- 4.1.7.2 Expandability and source size -- 4.1.7.3 Expandability and word length -- 4.1.7.4 Expandability and etymological origin -- 4.1.7.5 Expandability and period of origin -- 4.1.8 Consociation -- 4.1.8.1 Consociation and frequency -- 4.1.8.2 Consociation and part of speech -- 4.1.8.3 Consociation and word length -- 4.1.8.4 Consociation and etymological origin -- 4.1.8.5 Consociation and period of origin -- 4.1.9 Dissociation -- 4.1.9.1 Dissociation and frequency -- 4.1.9.2 Dissociation and part of speech -- 4.1.9.3 Dissociation and word length -- 4.1.9.4 Dissociation and etymological origin -- 4.1.9.5 Dissociation and period of origin -- 4.2 DWDS Core Corpus -- 4.2.1 Frequency -- 4.2.2 Word length -- 4.2.3 Morphology -- 4.2.3.1 Compounds -- 4.2.3.2 Affixes -- 4.2.4 Etymological origin -- 4.2.5 Motivatability -- 4.2.5.1 Motivatability and frequency -- 4.2.5.2 Motivatability and word length -- 4.2.6 Expandability -- 4.2.6.1 Expandability and frequency -- 4.2.6.2 Expandability and source size -- 4.2.6.3 Expandability and word length -- 4.2.6.4 Expandability and etymological origin -- 4.2.7 Consociation -- 4.2.7.1 Consociation and frequency -- 4.2.7.2 Consociation and word length -- 4.2.7.3 Consociation and etymological origin -- 4.2.8 Dissociation. , 4.2.8.1 Dissociation and frequency -- 4.2.8.2 Dissociation and part of speech -- 4.2.8.3 Dissociation and word length -- 4.2.8.4 Dissociation and etymological origin -- 4.3 English vs. German -- 4.3.1 Word length -- 4.3.2 Frequency -- 4.3.3 Morphology -- 4.3.3.1 Compounds -- 4.3.3.2 Affixes -- 4.3.4 Etymology -- 4.3.5 Motivatability -- 4.3.5.1 Motivatability and frequency -- 4.3.5.2 Motivatability and etymological origin -- 4.3.6 Expandability -- 4.3.6.1 Expandability and source size -- 4.3.6.2 Expandability and etymological origin -- 4.3.7 Consociation -- 4.3.8 Dissociation -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Testing the hypotheses -- 5.1.1 Hypothesis 1: Motivatability is higher in German than inEnglish -- 5.1.2 Hypothesis 2: Expandability is higher in German than inEnglish -- 5.1.3 Hypothesis 3: German is a considerably consociatedlanguage -- 5.1.4 Hypothesis 4: English is a considerably dissociatedlanguage -- 5.1.5 Hypothesis 5: There are more Germanic than Romancewords among the high-frequency lemmas -- 5.1.6 Hypothesis 6: Motivatability is higher in Germanic than inRomance words. -- 5.1.7 Hypothesis 7: Consociation is higher in Germanic than inRomance words -- 5.1.8 Hypothesis 8: Old words are less motivatable but moreexpandable than recent words -- 5.2 Alternative results -- 5.2.1 A more restrictive approach -- 5.2.2 A less restrictive approach -- 5.2.3 Conclusion -- 5.3 Comparison with previous studies -- 5.3.1 Fill (1980) -- 5.3.2 Scheidegger (1981) -- 5.3.3 Summary -- 5.4 Limitations and countermeasures -- 6 Consociation and dissociation inperspective -- 6.1 Psycholinguistic perspective: the mental lexicon -- 6.1.1 Full listing vs. minimal listing -- 6.1.2 The effect of consociation/dissociation on the mentallexicon -- 6.1.2.1 The effect of motivatability -- 6.1.2.2 The effect of expandability -- 6.1.2.3 Conclusion. , 6.2 Didactic perspective: vocabulary learning andteaching -- 6.2.1 The effect of full motivatability -- 6.2.2 The effect of partial motivatability -- 6.2.3 The effect of transparency -- 6.2.4 The effect of expandability -- 6.2.5 The effect of a Romance origin -- 6.2.6 Conclusion and application in the classroom -- 6.3 Concluding remarks -- 7 Bibliography -- 7.1 Printed sources and CD-ROMs -- 7.2 Internet sources.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 3-8233-6384-0
    Language: German
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  • 7
    UID:
    almafu_9959229373402883
    Format: xxiv, [296]-638,19 p.
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-282-16994-7 , 9786612169946 , 90-272-9016-4
    Series Statement: Typological studies in language ; 83
    Content: This book is the second of the two-volume collection of papers on formulaic language. The collection is among the first in the field. The authors of the papers in this volume represent a diverse group of international scholars in linguistics and psychology. The language data analyzed come from a variety of languages, including Arabic, Japanese, Polish, and Spanish, and include analyses of styles and genres within these languages. While the first volume focuses on the very definition of linguistic formulae and on their grammatical, semantic, stylistic, and historical aspects, the second volume explores how formulae are acquired and lost by speakers of a language, in what way they are psychologically real, and what their functions in discourse are. Since most of the papers are readily accessible to readers with only basic familiarity with linguistics, the book may be used in courses on discourse structure, pragmatics, semantics, language acquisition, and syntax, as well as being a resource in linguistic research.
    Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Formulaic Language -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Introduction. Approaches to the study of formulae -- 1. What are formulae? -- 2. Research questions -- 3. Synopsis of the book -- 3.1 Structure and distribution -- 3.2 Historical change -- 3.3 Acquisition and loss -- 3.4 Psychological reality -- 3.5 Explanations -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Part I Acquisition and loss -- Repetition and reuse in child language learning -- Abstract -- 1. What is a speech formula and why? -- 1.1 Repetition and analogy -- 1.2 Segmentation, data compression and efficiency through redundancy -- 1.3 Children learn chunks from what they hear -- 2. Chunks may become analyzed -- 2.1 Slots provide the basis for developing more general categories -- 2.2 Productivity and creativity -- 2.3 The 'traceback' method -- 2.3.1 Results using the traceback method -- 3. Experimental evidence for multiword storage -- 4. Learning chunks and making errors -- 5. Typological differences -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Formulaic language from a learner perspective -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formulaic language - some voices -- 3. Collocations - general -- 4. Collocations - some definitions -- 4.1 Collocations and nativelike selection -- 4.2 Frequency-based definitions -- 4.3 The phraseologist's view -- 4.4 Collocations in Mel'čuk's framework -- 4.5 The learner in focus -- 5. An alternative view of collocations -- 5.1 Psychological, social and cultural aspects of collocations -- 5.2 The notion of a keyword -- 5.3 Collocations and fusion of meaning -- 5.4 Collocations in terms of Lexical Functions -- 5.4.1 Verbal Lexical Functions -- 5.4.2 Adjectival Lexical Functions -- 5.5 Socio-culturally motivated collocations -- 5.6 Collocations in frames induced by topic. , 6. Results of the native speaker/English language learner corpus study -- 6.1 Aim and procedure -- 6.2 Hypotheses -- 6.3 Collocations and 'Free' combinations over the N and NN data -- 6.4 Attempts by learners -- 7. Discussion of corpus study results -- 8. Overall discussion and implications for teaching -- References -- The acquisition and development of the topic marker wa in L1 Japanese -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1 Data -- 2.2 Coding -- 2.3 Data analysis -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Utterances containing wa -- 3.2 NP-wa? in mother-child interaction -- 3.2.1 How the mothers use NP-wa? -- 3.2.2 How children use NP-wa? -- 3.3 How the use of NP-wa? affects the overall process of language development -- 3.3.1 Joint attention and the use of NP-wa? -- 3.3.2 Development of a sentential structure -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Formulaic expressions in intermediate EFL writing assessment -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Analysis -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Connecting the dots to unpack the language -- Abstract -- 1. Background and assumptions -- 2. Evidence of unpacking -- 3. Forming pragmatic and semantic connections -- 4. Unpacking directional semantics -- 5. Unscrambling phonology and morphosyntax: The case of whatta -- 6. More phonology and morphosyntax: Unpacking didja -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- The effect of awareness-raising on the use of formulaic constructions -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Acquiring formulaic constructions -- 3. Research questions -- 4. Methodology -- 4.1 Participants -- 4.2 Materials -- 4.2.2 Treatment conditions -- 4.2.3 Target constructions -- 4.3 Analysis and scoring -- 4.4 Procedure -- 5. Results -- 6. Discussion and conclusion -- 7. Limitations -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- References. , Can L2 learners productively use Japanese tense-aspect markers? -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction: Rule learning vs. Item learning -- 2. Inherent aspect and the Japanese tense-aspect markers -- 3. Method -- 3.1 Participants -- 3.2 Materials and procedure -- 3.2.1 Acceptability judgment test -- 3.2.2 Procedure -- 4. Analysis and results -- 4.1 Lower proficiency learners -- 4.2 Higher proficiency learners -- 5. Discussion -- 5.1 Why is there more verb-specific use for resultative use of -te i-ru? -- 5.2 Distributional bias: What kind? -- 5.3 Verb-specific pattern vs. rule-based learning in L2 acquisition of tense-aspect -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Formulaic and novel language in a 'dual process' model of language competence -- Abstract -- 1.1. Background -- 2.1. Definitions and description -- 2.2. How many are there? -- 2.3. How can we show that people know formulaic expressions? -- 2.4. Are they processed differently? Neurological localization of automatic speech -- 2.5. Other speech production studies -- 3.1. Summary of neurolinguistic studies: The dual process model -- 3.2. Dual process model and schemata -- 3.3. Comparison of formulaic expressions with schemata -- Appendices -- Appendix I. Some categories of formulaic language with German counterparts. -- Appendix II. Selected schemata -- References -- Part II Psychological reality -- The psycholinguistic reality of collocation and semantic prosody (2) -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiment: The effects of a verb's semantic prosody on semantic processing -- 2.1 Method -- 2.1.1 Participants -- 2.1.2 Materials -- 2.2 Procedure -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 The relationship between semantic prosody and conceptual meaning -- 2.3.2 The effect of semantic prosody on affective priming -- 2.3.3 The effects of conceptual meaning upon affective priming. , 2.3.4 Direct comparisons of conceptual meaning and semantic priming -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Frequency and the emergence of prefabs -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Subjects and procedure -- 2.3 Measurement of frequency and duration -- 3. Results -- 3.1 p/ as a particle -- 3.2 Word-internal /^p/ -- 3.3 Summary of the results -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Theoretical interpretation -- 4.2 The facilitatory effect of word frequency on phoneme monitoring in word lists -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Part III Functional explanations -- Formulaic argumentation in scientific discourse -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The abstract as a genre of scientific discourse -- 3. Formulaic language in the linguistic realization of scientific argumentation -- 3.1 Four reporting strategies -- 3.2 Effects produced by the paper construction -- 4. Formulaic language with paper-like subjects in scientific English: Two corpus studies -- 4.1 Synchronic study -- 4.1.1 Corpus information -- 4.1.2 Reporting across academic disciplines -- 4.1.3 Formulaic language across the disciplines -- 4.2 Diachronic study -- 4.2.1 Corpus information -- 4.2.2 Reporting constructions in historical scientific English -- 5. Discussion of results -- 5.1 Politeness concerns -- 5.2 Changes in the rhetoric of scientific discourse -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Accepting responsibility at defendants' sentencing hearings -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plan for the paper -- 3. Background on the right of allocution -- 4. Data -- 5. Federal sentencing hearings and "acceptance of responsibility" -- 6. Formulaic statements of acceptance of responsibility -- 7. Pros and cons of formulaic statements of acceptance of responsibility -- 8. Less formulaic statements of acceptance of responsibility. , 9. Pros and cons of less formulaic statements of acceptance of reponsibility -- 10. Conclusions and implications -- Appendix A -- References -- Cases Cited -- Decorative symmetry in ritual (and everyday) language -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction: Galumphing, non-referential bulking and decorative symmetry in Khmer -- 2. The primacy of phonetic motivation for decorative servant words -- 2.1 Compounding by conscription -- 2.2 Compounding by prosthesis -- 2.3 Compounding via the "Adam's rib" strategy -- 2.4 Rhyme-swapping -- 2.5 Recursion: Decorative symmetry run wild -- 2.5.1 Synonym + Servant word compound -- 2.5.2 Etymological Doublets + Servant word compound -- 2.5.3 Synonym + Adam's Rib Compound -- 3. Non-referential bulking is not pragmatically motivated elsewhere -- 3.1 Baby talk/doggerel -- 3.2 Game trash talk -- 3.3 Aggressive" reduplication -- 3.4 Agreement -- 3.5 Structural priming -- 4. Conclusion -- 4.1 Style -- 4.2 Ritualization -- References -- Time management formulaic expressions in English and Thai -- Abstract -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Idea/image transfer' and 'time management formulaic expression (TMF)' -- 2. Time managing formulae in English -- 2.1 Fillers, hedges and discourse markers in English -- 2.2 A working definition of time-management formulaic expressions -- 2.3 Complement-taking predicates and TMF -- 2.4 Pseudo-cleft and TMF -- 2.5 An interim summary -- 3. Time managing formulae in Thai -- 3.1 Fillers, hedges and discourse markers -- 3.2 Time-management formula: The /__ nîa/construction -- 3.3 Challengeable" information and /nîa/ -- 3.4 An interim summary -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Routinized uses of the first person expression for me in conversational discourse -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction to the study -- 2. Routinized expressions ~ routine functions -- 3. For me as a first person singular expression. , 3.1 Studies of first person elements and prepatterned expression. , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-2996-1
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam ; : J. Benjamins Pub.,
    UID:
    edocfu_9959236964602883
    Format: 1 online resource (370 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-283-31476-2 , 9786613314765 , 90-272-8454-7
    Series Statement: Human cognitive processing ; v. 32
    Content: Cognitive Linguistics is not a unified theory of language but rather a set of flexible and mutually compatible theoretical frameworks. Whether these frameworks can or should stabilize into a unified theory is open to debate. One set of contributions to the volume focuses on evidence that strengthens the basic tenets of CL concerning e.g. non-modularity, meaning, and embodiment. A second set of chapters explores the expansion of the general CL paradigm and the incorporation of theoretical insights from other disciplines and their methodologies - a development that could lead to competing and mu
    Note: The present volume is a collection of contributions originally presented as keynote talks or as regular papers at the International Cognitive Linguistics Conference Converging and Diverging Tendencies in Cognitive Linguistics, held in Dubrovnik (Croatia), October 17-18, 2005, as well as some chapters specially commissioned for this volume. , Cognitive Linguistics; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Editors and contributors; Introduction; 1. Background and introduction; 2. The contributions to this volume; 2.1 Setting the scene; 2.2 Consolidating the paradigm; 2.3 Expanding the paradigm; Part 1.Setting the scene; Convergence in cognitive linguistics; References; An overview of cognitive linguistics; 1. Historical context of CL; 2. Basic theoretical and methodological principles of CL; 2.1 Basic theoretical principles; 2.2 Methodological principles; 3. Main directions and current research tendencies in CL , 3.1 Construction Grammars3.2 Lexico-semantic networks: Polysemy; 3.3 Metaphor, metonymy, and blending; 4. Main results and applications of CL; 4.1 In Construction Grammars; 4.2 In polysemous lexical networks; 4.3 Metaphor, metonymy, and blending; 5. Remaining problems and future research; 5.1 General cognitive linguistics theory; 5.2 In Construction Grammar; 5.3 In the study of lexical networks and polysemy; 5.4 Metaphor, metonymy, and blending; References; Other cited references; Part 2. Consolidating the paradigm; Pattern versus process concepts of grammar and mind; 1. Introduction , 2. Linguistics in change: A brief recent history3. Functional linguistics and cognition; 4. Cognitive linguistics and the issue of dynamism; 5. 'Non-relevant' notions of 'dynamicity' in CL; 6. Arguments against a process concept of grammar; 7. Constructions are not incompatible with a process model; 8. Rules as constructions; 9. Meaning and structure; 10. Conclusion; References; Metaphor in language and thought; 1. Introduction; 2. Converging evidence for conceptual metaphor; 3. Grammar and usage; 4. Language and thought; 5. Sign and behavior; 6. Metaphor "in language" , 7. Metaphor "in thought"8. How do we map the field?; References; Emotion and desire in independent complement clauses; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Cross-linguistic examples; 1.2 Pragmatic functions; 2. Expressive-exclamative complement clauses; 2.1 Some English examples of expressive complement clauses; 2.2 Some German examples of expressive dass-clauses; 3. Dass-clauses as directive speech acts; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Non-canonical directive dass-constructions; 3.3 The function of mir in directive dass-clauses; 4. Conclusion; References; Schematic meaning of the Croatian verbal prefix iz- , 1. Introduction2. Discussion; 2.1 Conceptual analysis of the schematic meaning of iz- and its allomorphs; 2.2 Meaning chains and syntactic implications; 3. Conclusion; References; The conceptual motivation of bahuvrihi compounds in English and Spanish; 1. Introduction; 2. On the notion of bahuvrihi compounds; 3. Goal and methodology; 4. The analysis; 4.1 Compounds where the characteristic property (the reference-point property) is conceptualized nonmetonymically and nonmetaphorically (i.e. "literally") , 4.2 Compounds where the reference-point property is conceptualized metonymically and non-metaphorically , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-2386-6
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam ; : J. Benjamins Pub.,
    UID:
    almafu_9959236964602883
    Format: 1 online resource (370 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-283-31476-2 , 9786613314765 , 90-272-8454-7
    Series Statement: Human cognitive processing ; v. 32
    Content: Cognitive Linguistics is not a unified theory of language but rather a set of flexible and mutually compatible theoretical frameworks. Whether these frameworks can or should stabilize into a unified theory is open to debate. One set of contributions to the volume focuses on evidence that strengthens the basic tenets of CL concerning e.g. non-modularity, meaning, and embodiment. A second set of chapters explores the expansion of the general CL paradigm and the incorporation of theoretical insights from other disciplines and their methodologies - a development that could lead to competing and mu
    Note: The present volume is a collection of contributions originally presented as keynote talks or as regular papers at the International Cognitive Linguistics Conference Converging and Diverging Tendencies in Cognitive Linguistics, held in Dubrovnik (Croatia), October 17-18, 2005, as well as some chapters specially commissioned for this volume. , Cognitive Linguistics; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Editors and contributors; Introduction; 1. Background and introduction; 2. The contributions to this volume; 2.1 Setting the scene; 2.2 Consolidating the paradigm; 2.3 Expanding the paradigm; Part 1.Setting the scene; Convergence in cognitive linguistics; References; An overview of cognitive linguistics; 1. Historical context of CL; 2. Basic theoretical and methodological principles of CL; 2.1 Basic theoretical principles; 2.2 Methodological principles; 3. Main directions and current research tendencies in CL , 3.1 Construction Grammars3.2 Lexico-semantic networks: Polysemy; 3.3 Metaphor, metonymy, and blending; 4. Main results and applications of CL; 4.1 In Construction Grammars; 4.2 In polysemous lexical networks; 4.3 Metaphor, metonymy, and blending; 5. Remaining problems and future research; 5.1 General cognitive linguistics theory; 5.2 In Construction Grammar; 5.3 In the study of lexical networks and polysemy; 5.4 Metaphor, metonymy, and blending; References; Other cited references; Part 2. Consolidating the paradigm; Pattern versus process concepts of grammar and mind; 1. Introduction , 2. Linguistics in change: A brief recent history3. Functional linguistics and cognition; 4. Cognitive linguistics and the issue of dynamism; 5. 'Non-relevant' notions of 'dynamicity' in CL; 6. Arguments against a process concept of grammar; 7. Constructions are not incompatible with a process model; 8. Rules as constructions; 9. Meaning and structure; 10. Conclusion; References; Metaphor in language and thought; 1. Introduction; 2. Converging evidence for conceptual metaphor; 3. Grammar and usage; 4. Language and thought; 5. Sign and behavior; 6. Metaphor "in language" , 7. Metaphor "in thought"8. How do we map the field?; References; Emotion and desire in independent complement clauses; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Cross-linguistic examples; 1.2 Pragmatic functions; 2. Expressive-exclamative complement clauses; 2.1 Some English examples of expressive complement clauses; 2.2 Some German examples of expressive dass-clauses; 3. Dass-clauses as directive speech acts; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Non-canonical directive dass-constructions; 3.3 The function of mir in directive dass-clauses; 4. Conclusion; References; Schematic meaning of the Croatian verbal prefix iz- , 1. Introduction2. Discussion; 2.1 Conceptual analysis of the schematic meaning of iz- and its allomorphs; 2.2 Meaning chains and syntactic implications; 3. Conclusion; References; The conceptual motivation of bahuvrihi compounds in English and Spanish; 1. Introduction; 2. On the notion of bahuvrihi compounds; 3. Goal and methodology; 4. The analysis; 4.1 Compounds where the characteristic property (the reference-point property) is conceptualized nonmetonymically and nonmetaphorically (i.e. "literally") , 4.2 Compounds where the reference-point property is conceptualized metonymically and non-metaphorically , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-2386-6
    Language: English
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  • 10
    UID:
    almafu_9959233805002883
    Format: x, 344 p.
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-282-15492-3 , 9786612154928 , 90-272-9280-9
    Series Statement: Studies in functional and structural linguistics, v. 57
    Content: This article extends the boundaries of Columbia School linguistic semantic theory by applying its analytical constructs to nonlinguistic behaviors, where, as in language, there exist systematicity and arbitrariness: food; construction of social and gender identity; and use of architectural, private, and urban space. Further, meaningful elements of these behaviors vary analogously to Labovian sociolinguistic feature variation. The guiding orientation is that human behavior is structured not by an unmotivated, autonomous culture, but is communicative and social, interpreted by people as signals with meanings; and these meanings are discerned as interpreting power, prestige and identity. Data come primarily from fieldwork in Lamu (Kenya) and Thailand.
    Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Advances in Functional Linguistics -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- List of Contributors -- Consistency and change in Columbia School linguistics -- 1. This volume and its predecessors -- 1.1 Meaning as explanation: Advances in linguistic sign theory (1995) -- 1.1.1 Connections to the present volume -- 1.2 Signal, meaning, and message: Perspectives on sign-based linguistics (2002) -- 1.2.1 Connections to the present volume -- 1.3 Cognitive and communicative approaches to linguistic analysis (2004) -- 1.3.1 Connections to the present volume -- 2. Consistency in Columbia School linguistics -- 3. Change in Columbia School linguistics -- Notes -- References -- Columbia School and Saussure's langue -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Langage, langue and parole -- 3. Criticisms of langue -- 4. Features of Saussure's langue -- 5. Grammatical systems -- 6. Diver's revision of Saussure's langue -- 7. Columbia School's Saussurean heritage -- 8. Langue as the object of study -- 9. 'La langue is a form, not a substance' -- 10. The non-discreteness of thought and sound -- 11. Saussure's anti-nomenclaturism -- 12. Columbia School linguistic structure -- 13. Evaluation -- 14. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Diver's Theory -- 1. Diver '95: The Main Idea -- 2. The search for the starting-point of linguistics -- 3. Columbia School distinguished from other sign-oriented schools -- 4. Diver '95 and explanation in science -- 5. Linguistic sign theory versus Columbia School -- Notes -- References -- Phonology as human behavior -- 1. The theory: Phonology as human behavior (PHB) -- 1.1 The four orientations underlying the theory of PHB -- 1.2 Viewing phonetics/phonology as human behavior -- 1.3 The fundamental analytic position of PHB -- 2. Quantitative results and principles obtained from the theory. , 3. Developmental and clinical phonology: Natural phonology vs. PHB -- 4. PHB: From phonology to the lexicon -- 5. PHB: From phonology to morphology -- 5.1 Inflectional systems in English -- 5.2 Modern English -- 5.3 Old English -- 5.4 Middle English -- 5.5 From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic to Old English -- 6. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Phonological processes of Japanese based on the theory of phonology as human behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The theory of phonology as human behavior -- 2.1 General concepts of PHB related to phonological processes -- 2.2 Principles of PHB -- 3. Aphasia and PHB -- 3.1 Japanese speech errors based on PHB -- 3.2. Results and discussion -- 4. Japanese loanwords within PHB -- 4.1 Sound alternation -- 4.2 Resolving consonant clusters -- 4.3 Deletion processes in loanwords -- 4.3.1 Deletion of final consonants -- 4.3.2 Deletion of word-final syllables -- 4.3.3 Deletion of suffixes and articles -- 4.3.4 Deletion of word-initial position -- 4.3.5 Deletion in compound words -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Phonology as human behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Traditional phonemic inventory of Byelorussian -- 3. The analysis -- 4. Phonemes of constriction in Byelorussian -- 4.1 Stable versus mobile: Likes are favored -- 4.2 Maximal constriction is favored -- 4.3 Initial visible articulations are favored -- 4.4 Final apical articulations are favored -- 4.5 Additional articulators are disfavored -- 4.5.1 One articulator (voiceless) is favored -- two articulators (voiced) are disfavored -- 4.5.2 One articulator in final position is favored -- 4.5.3 Coordination of different activities (voicing and nasality) is disfavored -- 4.5.4 Palatalization is disfavored. , 4.6 Additional gesture is disfavored: Transitions from one distinct constriction to another within a single phoneme are disfavored -- 4.7 Reuse of the same musculature is disfavored -- 5. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Dictionaries -- Phonology as human behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The data and procedure -- 3. Complexity of articulation -- 4. The Visibility Hypothesis -- 5. The problem -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Functional motivations for the sound patterns of English non-lexical interjections -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Non-lexical interjections in contemporary linguistics -- 3. The phonology of non-lexical interjections -- 4. Interjection sound patterns: The hypotheses -- 5. DiSPEL (DIScourse Particle Expert modeL): A functional taxonomy -- 6. The corpora: Choosing and post-coding -- 7. Markedness and unmarkedness -- 8. Results -- 9. Interjections in the HCRC Map Task corpus -- 10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Phonology without the phoneme -- 1. The phoneme in Diver and Columbia School -- 2. The phoneme defined -- 3. Analytical difficulties with the phoneme -- 4. Diver's theoretical justification for the phoneme -- 5. The theoretical justification questioned -- 6. Columbia School phonology without the phoneme -- Notes -- References -- Tell me about yourself -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Traditional account of -self pronouns -- 3. Reflecting on reflexivity -- 4. A new look at the data -- 4.1 Contrast/Comparison -- 4.2 Exclusion -- 4.3 Unexpected Messages -- 4.4 Importance of the referent -- 4.5 Overlapping message effects -- 4.6 Role conflicts -- 5. A meaning hypothesis -- 5.1 Picture noun phrases -- 5.2 Logophoric expressions -- 5.3 Conjoined expressions -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- Data Sources -- References -- Se without deixis -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Neutralization of the substances Number, Gender and Discourse Referent -- 3. Neutralization of Control -- 4. Human referent of se and inferring Control -- 5. Two-participant messages with se -- Notes -- Data Sources -- References -- The difference between zero and nothing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Morphological background -- 3. Historical background -- 4. Arguments for and against a separable prefix for Cl. 9-10 -- 5. Further arguments against a separable prefix for Cl. 9/10 -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- A semantic analysis of the Swahili suffix li -- 1. A new analysis of li -- 2. Generative and traditional treatments enumerate uses of li -- 3. Our hypothesis -- 3.1 Meanings of the Control System -- 3.2 An illustration: 'pick up and carry' vs. 'deal with' -- 4. Li is a signal of a unitary meaning -- 5. Double-li supports the Control hypothesis -- 6. Many usage categories are but manifestations of the single li -- 7. Meaning vs. message -- Notes -- Data Sources -- References -- The structure of the Japanese inferential system -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies and problems -- 2.1 Previous research -- 2.2 Further counter-examples to the evidentiality approach -- 2.2.1 Rashii and yooda -- 2.2.2 Daroo and soo-da -- 3. A sign-based hypothesis -- 3.1 Theoretical preliminaries -- 3.2 A sign-based hypothesis -- 4. Testing the hypothesis -- 4.1 Data analysis -- 4.2 Inference established: rashii vs. yooda -- 4.3 Inference non-established: daroo vs. soo-da -- 4.3.1 Daroo: Inference non-established - High Focus -- 4.3.2 Soo-da: inference non-established - low focus -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Data Sources -- References -- Structuring cues of conjunctive yet, but, and still -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research background -- 3. Hypotheses -- 3.1 But: The override effect -- 3.2 Yet: A thematically important contrast. , 3.3 Still: Reconnecting with earlier information -- 4. Predictions -- 5. Data -- 6. Analytical tool -- 7. Results -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- Data Sources -- References -- The case for articulatory gestures - not sounds - as the physical embodiment of speech signs -- 1. Introduction -- 2.1 The nature of gesture -- 2.2 Other definitions of gesture -- 2.3 The gesture as a sign -- 2.3.1 Specialization -- 3. Semiotics and theoretical methods -- 3.1 Linguists' acoustical views of speech signs -- 3.2 Symbols vs. stimuli vs. signals -- 3.3 Hockett's dimensions -- 4. Discreteness vs. continuity -- 5. Channel -- 5.1 Lip reading -- 5.2 Feedback mechanisms -- 5.3 Multisensory perception -- 6. Transmission and reception -- 6.1 Sound production vs. sound modification -- 6.2 The spatial configuration of the speech chain -- 6.3 Dimensionality / double articulation -- 6.4 Distortion -- 6.4.1 Spectrogram variation -- 6.4.2 Ambiguity -- 6.4.3 Vocal cord variation -- 6.4.4 Gestural overlap -- 6.4.5 Inter-speaker variation -- 6.4.6 Summary of distortion -- 7. Speech production -- 8. Speech perception -- 9. Interchangeability and replicability -- 10. Language Acquisition -- 11. Iconicity -- 12. Language evolution -- 13. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Meaning in nonlinguistic systems -- 1. Background: Data collection and description -- 2. Food as an instance of l'arbitraire du signe -- 2.1 The identity of food is arbitrary -- 2.2 The perception and categorization of food is arbitrary -- 2.3 The meaning of food is arbitrary -- 2.4 Foods as evidence of otherness -- 2.5 The changing value of food -- 3. The Swahili and Lamu town -- 3.1 Swahili society and the path to heshima -- 3.2 Food and drink behavior along the public-private continuum -- 3.3 The street scene -- 3.4 The upper class and travelers -- 4. Analysis -- 5. Discussion. , 5.1 If eating is inherently intimate, how can food be arbitrary?. , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-1566-9
    Language: English
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