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Format: 1 online resource (258 pages) : , illustrations, tables.

Series Statement: Linguistics & Philosophy, Volume 6

Additional Edition: Print version: Trutkowski, Ewa, 1974- Topic drop and null subjects in German. Berlin, [Germany] ; Boston, [Massachusetts] : De Gruyter, c2016 ISSN 2198-2104 ISBN 9783110444131

Language: English

Subjects: German Studies

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift

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URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110446173

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (257 Seiten)

ISBN: 9783110437249 , 9783110446173

Series Statement: Linguistics & Philosophy Volume 6

Content: This monograph deals with argument drop in the German prefield. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the book. Chapter 2 focuses on topic drop of structurally vs. obliquely cased arguments. The question by which factors structural and oblique cases can be kept apart is discussed in great detail. It is claimed that oblique case marking is the spell-out of a certain semantic content, namely an actant’s involvement within a complex event, which needs to be represented at the surface – this, however, is impossible under ellipsis. Thus, the gap’s content must be reconstructed via identity with its antecedent. In chapter 3, I show that parts of the gap resulting from topic drop can be bound under predicate identity (in the sense of semantic equivalence) in context and target. In dependence of whether the binder of (the bindee part of) the gap is referential or not, identity between antecedent and gap is obligatory (or not). Chapter 4 is an investigation of 1st/2nd (vs. 3rd) person referential null subjects that can be dropped independently of the presence of a discourse antecedent and despite apparent syncretisms within verbal inflectional paradigms. As is shown, German out of the blue-drop is neither topic drop nor diary drop, but an instance of inflection-dependent subject omission.

Note: Dissertation University of Potsdam 2014 , Frontmatter -- -- Foreword -- -- Contents -- -- 1. Overview -- -- 2. Topic Drop in German: (The Lack of) Identity between Antecedent and Gap -- -- 2.1 Introduction -- -- 2.2 Verbatim and Non-verbatim Topic Drop: Two Kinds of Topic Drop in German -- -- 2.3 An Empirical Basis for the VTD/NVTD Distinction -- -- 2.4 Structural Well-Formedness Conditions on VTD and NVTD -- -- 2.5 Topic Drop and the Event Structure of Structural and Oblique Case Assigning Verbs -- -- 2.6 Topic Drop and the Representation of +/-Complex Events -- -- 2.7 Appendix: Topic Drop of Expletive Elements -- -- 3. Topic Drop in German: The Interpretation of the Gap -- -- 4. Null Subjects at the Syntax-Pragmatics Interface -- -- References -- -- Index , Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110444131

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als ISBN 978-3-11-044413-1

Language: English

Subjects: German Studies

Keywords: Deutsch ; Pro-Drop-Parameter ; Hochschulschrift

DOI: 10.1515/9783110446173

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Format: xii, 421 p.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-15579-2 , 9786612155796 , 90-272-9349-X

Series Statement: Language acquisition & language disorders, v. 41

Content: This volume includes a selection of papers that address a wide range of acquisition phenomena from different Romance languages and all share a common theoretical approach based on the Principles and Parameters theory. They favour, discuss and sometimes challenge traditional explanations of first and second language acquisition in terms of maturation of general principles universal to all languages. They all depart from the view that language acquisition can be explained in terms of learning language specific rules, constraints or structures. The different parts into which this volume is organized reflect different approaches that current research has offered, which deal with issues of development of reflexive pronouns, determiners, clitics, verbs, auxiliaries, inflection, wh-movement, ressumptive pronouns, topic and focus, mood, the syntax/discourse interface, and null arguments.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , The Acquisition of Syntax in Romance Languages -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- The acquisition of syntax in Romance languages -- Introduction -- I. Clitics, determiners and pronouns -- The production of SE and SELF anaphors in Spanish and Dutch children -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reflexivity in and outside narrow syntax -- 3. Experiments -- 3.1. Method -- 3.2. Participants -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Dutch results -- 4.2. Spanish results -- 5. Discussion -- 5.1. Reflexivity and the production of se, zich and zichzelf -- 5.2. Spanish children's production of strong reflexives -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- On the acquisition of ambiguous Valency-Marking Morphemes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hypotheses on the acquisition of argument structure -- 3. French SE-cliticization and argument structure alternations -- 4. Method -- 4.1. Speech production corpora -- 4.2. Experimental task -- 5. Results -- 5.1. Order of acquisition of SE-constructions -- 5.2. Manifestations of overgeneralizations of ASA -- 5.3. Order of acquisition of SE and be-passive -- 6. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Definite and bare noun contrasts in child Catalan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The syntax and semantics of bare nouns -- 2.1. Bare objects -- 2.2. Genericity across languages: the status of bare nouns -- 2.3. Bare nouns in Catalan -- 3. Assumptions on acquisition -- 3.1. The emergence of DP in child grammar -- 4. An experiment on the contrast between bare nouns and definite DPs -- 4.1. Methods -- 4.2. Participants -- 4.3. Results -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Null arguments in monolingual children -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies comparing the acquisition of object clitics in French and Italian -- 3. The cross-sectional study -- 3.1. The test -- 3.2. Participants. , 3.3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Prenominal elements in French-Germanic bilingual first language acquisition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Possibility of cross-linguistic interference -- 2.1. Adult system -- 2.2. Hulk and Müller (2000): Conditions for cross-linguistic influence -- 3. Methodology -- 4. The acquisition of the determiner in adjective-noun combinations -- 4.1. Monolingual acquisition -- 4.2. Bilingual acquisition -- 4.3. Discussion -- 5. The acquisition of the attributive adjective -- 5.1. Monolingual acquisition -- 5.2. Bilingual acquisition -- 5.3. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Prenominal and postnominal adjectives in Daniel -- II. Verbs, auxiliaries and inflection -- A cross-sectional study on the use of ``be'' in early Italian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1. Subjects and linguistic corpora -- 2.2. Group composition -- 2.3. Criteria of analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Patterns of copula omission in Italian child language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Truncation hypothesis -- 3. The data -- 3.1. Copula omission -- 3.2. The Wh-constraint -- 3.3. Auxiliary data -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Omission as evidence for truncation -- 4.2. Truncation & -- full competence -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Looking for the universal core of the RI stage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. RIs -- 3. The Imperative Analogue Hypothesis -- 3.1. Italian and German -- 3.2. Dutch and Icelandic -- 3.3. Spanish and Catalan -- 3.4. Hungarian and Slovenian -- 4. Is the RI analogue really an imperative form? -- 4.1. The 3D Hypothesis -- 4.2. The Underspecification (DM) Hypothesis -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- The acquisition of experiencers in Spanish L1 and the external argument requirement hypothesis. , 1. Introduction -- 2. The structure of Experiencers -- 2.1. Belletti and Rizzi (1988) -- 2.2. Torrego's (1998) object dependencies in Spanish -- 2.3. Phases and Wexler's hypothesis for syntactic development -- 2.4. Psych verbs and left-dislocation structures -- 3. Implications of the ACDH and EARH for child language -- 4. The experiments -- 4.1. Experiment 1 -- 4.2. Experiment 2 -- 5. Discussion -- Note -- References -- Appendix. Items for experiments -- Experiment 1 -- Experiment 2 -- Early operators and late topic-drop/pro-drop -- 1. The acquisition of grammatical features -- 1.1. Jakobson's order of acquisition steps -- 1.2. Wexler's Optional Infinitives -- 1.3. Rizzi's Truncations -- 1.4. Conflict of Reduction Principles -- 2. The acquisition of I-marking and D-marking -- 3. Overlap between the Reduction Principles -- 4. Rizzi's Truncations for the three different predicate types -- 4.1. Examples of the predicate types -- 4.2. Characteristics of the predicate types -- 5. Type b and type c predicate types -- 5.1. Type b operator predicates -- 5.2. Type c: Discourse topic-oriented predicates -- 5.3. Rise of type c predicates: Topic-drop (Spec,C ø) -- 6. Conjecture: Type c Pro-Drop/Agreement is late -- 7. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Appendix 1: Input for types a-b-c (Dutch/Italian) -- Appendix 2: Input for types a-b (Dutch/Italian) -- Appendix 3: Percentages for imperative type a-b (Dutch/Italian) -- III. Movement and resumptive pronouns -- The acquisition of A- and A'-bound pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies on the acquisition of pronouns -- 3. Pronouns as elsewhere elements -- 3.1. Brazilian Portuguese -- 3.2. Elsewhere elements and reference-set computation -- 4. The acquisition of pronouns -- 4.1. Method -- 4.2. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References. , Acquiring long-distance wh-questions in L1 Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wh-movement options cross-linguistically -- 3. A few remarks about Spanish -- 4. Previous language acquisition findings: Thornton (1990) and van Kampen (1997) -- 4.1. Non-adult questions are not performance errors -- 5. The experiment -- 5.1. Design and procedure -- 5.2. Results -- 5.3. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix I: Sample corresponding to the question -- Appendix II: Maider's subject extraction questions -- Evidence from L1 acquisition for the syntax of wh-scope marking in French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wh-in-situ in French -- 3. Partial wh-movement in first and second language acquisition of English LD questions -- 3.1. Thornton (1990): L1 English acquisition of LD wh-questions -- 3.2. Gutierrez (forthcoming): L2/L3 English acquisition of LD wh-questions -- 4. The experiment: Long-distance wh-questions in L1 acquisition of French -- 4.1. Participants, method and results -- 4.2. Partial wh-movement questions in L1 acquisition of French -- 5. Direct dependency scope marking strategies: Wh-in-situ in French and partial wh-movement in L1 French -- 6. Indirect dependency wh-scope marking strategies in L1 French -- 6.1. Indirect dependency in Hindi -- 6.2. Indirect dependency in L1 French -- 6.3. Direct or indirect dependency? -- 7. Acquisition stages -- 7.1. Wh-in-situ as the least marked strategy? -- 7.2. Long-distance dependencies -- Notes -- References -- IV. Syntax/discourse interface -- Acquisition of focus marking in European Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The debate on the nature of focus -- 3. Contribution from acquisition for the debate on focus -- 4. Experiment on the comprehension of focus marking strategies -- 4.1. Methodology -- 4.2. Expected results -- 4.3. Results -- 4.4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes. , References -- Subject pronouns in bilinguals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Separated systems and yet influence -- 4.2. Features opposition and markedness -- 4.3. Syntax, discourse and cognition -- 4.4. Bilinguals and maturation -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- V. L2 acquisition -- Is the semantics/syntax interface vulnerable in L2 acquisition? -- 1. Mood selection -- 1.1. Sentential arguments -- 1.2. Relative clauses -- 2. L2 acquisition of modal contrasts -- 3. Method -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Grammaticality judgment task -- 4.2. Truth-Value Judgment task -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The development of the syntax-discourse interface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1. Word order distribution and the interfaces -- 2.2. L2 acquisition at the syntax-discourse interface: Word order -- 2.3. L2 acquisition at the lexicon-syntax interface: Word order -- 3. Method -- 3.1. Subjects -- 3.2. Experimental design -- 3.3. Instrument -- 3.4. Procedure -- 3.5. Data analysis -- 3.6. Predictions -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Neutral contexts with unaccusative verbs -- 4.2. Neutral contexts with unergative verbs -- 4.3. Presentationally focused-subject contexts with unaccusative verbs -- 4.4. Presentationally focused-subject contexts with unergative verbs -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Beyond the syntax of the Null Subject Parameter -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1. Some history -- 2.2. Discourse pragmatic properties of subjects -- 2.3. Previous L2 studies of the Null Subject Parameter in Spanish -- 2.4. The present study -- 3. Method -- 3.1. Participants -- 3.2. Tasks -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Morphosyntax -- 4.2. Discourse-pragmatics -- 5. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Intermediate -- Advanced. , Near-native. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5301-3

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (337 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-94334-4 , 90-272-7244-1

Series Statement: Linguistik aktuell/linguistics today, 201

Content: This monograph investigates the syntax of the finite verb in Mòcheno, a minority language spoken in a German speech island of Northern Italy. Basing her study on detailed new data collected during extensive fieldwork, and focusing on finite verb movement; on multiple access to the left periphery; on pro licensing and on the distribution of OV/VO word orders, the author refutes the traditional view that the syntactic variation found in Mòcheno is due to the presence of two competing grammars as a consequence of contact with Romance varieties and accounts for the peculiarities of Mòcheno syntax

Note: "This monograph is a fully revised version of my PhD dissertation defended in March 2010 at the University of Padua." , Syntactic Variation and Verb Second; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Acknowledgments; List of abbreviations; 1. Introduction; 2. Mòcheno and the V2 phenomenon; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 On the V2 phenomenon; 2.2.1 V2 in Continental Germanic; 2.2.2 V2 in Old Romance languages; 2.2.3 Triggers for movement; 2.2.4 Partial conclusions; 2.3 Mòcheno as a V2 language; 2.3.1 Rowley's (2003) account; 2.3.2 On the presence of the Korrelate of V2; 2.3.3 On the structure of Mòcheno left periphery; 2.3.4 Against an account in terms of optionality/grammar competition; 2.4 Conclusions , 3. The syntax of subject pronouns; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Three classes of subject pronouns in Mòcheno; 3.2.1 Sentence-initial position; 3.2.2 The coordination test; 3.2.3 Focalization and isolation; 3.2.4 Partial conclusions; 3.3 Distribution of subject pronouns; 3.3.1 Distribution of subject reduced forms in main clauses; 3.3.2 Reduced forms are not agreement markers; 3.3.3 Distribution of subject reduced forms in embedded clauses; 3.3.4 Distribution of strong subject pronouns; 3.4 Conclusions; 4. Satisfaction of EPP and realization of subjects; 4.1 Introduction , 4.2 Fronted constituents and EPP; 4.2.1 Fronted operators; 4.2.2 The hanging-topic construction; 4.2.3 Simple preposing; 4.2.4 Left-dislocation; 4.3 Sentences with a fronted Nominative subject; 4.3.1 Fronted subjects and the EPP feature; 4.4 Conclusions; 5. Mòcheno as a partial pro-drop language DP-subjects; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Mòcheno as a partial pro-drop language; 5.2.1 Properties of pro-drop languages; 5.2.2 Licensing of null referential subjects and rich agreement; 5.2.3 Free-subject inversion and that-trace effects; 5.2.4 Expletive null subjects and generic pronouns , 5.2.5 Proposed analysis; 5.3 The syntax of DP subjects; 5.3.1 DP subjects as informationally marked XPs; 5.3.2 DP subjects in sentences with a fronted operator; 5.4 Conclusions; 6. Multiple access to CP and asymmetric pro-drop split; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Multiple access to CP and EPP; 6.2.1 Bottleneck effects; 6.2.2 Combination of constituents in the left periphery; 6.2.3 Again on simple-preposed topics and EPP; 6.2.4 Grewendorf/Poletto's account; 6.2.5 An alternative account for main declarative clauses; 6.2.6 Sentences with a fronted operator; 6.2.7 Partial conclusions , 6.3 On the syntax of embedded clauses; 6.3.1 Position of the finite verb in embedded clauses; 6.3.2 Form of the complementiser and CP structure; 6.3.3 Realization of the subject and syntax of the finite verb; 6.4 Conclusions; 7. Conclusions; References; Appendix; Questionnaires from Palai; Questionnaires from Fierozzo; Questionnaires from Roveda; Index , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5584-9

Language: English

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Format: IX, 248 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm

ISBN: 3110444135 , 9783110444131

Series Statement: Linguistics & Philosophy Volume 6

Content: "This study presents new insights into null subjects, topic drop and the interpretation of topic-dropped elements. Besides providing an empirical data survey, it offers explanations to well-known problems, e.g. syncretisms in the context of null-subject licensing or the marginality of dropping an element which carries oblique case. The book constitutes a valuable source for both empirically and theoretically interested (generative) linguists."--

Note: teilweise zugleich Dissertation University of Potsdam 2014 , 19 farb. Abbildungen, 50 schw.-w. u. 2 farbige Tabellen, 4 schw.-w. Zeichnungen , Dt. Textbeispiele auch in engl. Übersetzung

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110446173

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110437249

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Trutkowski, Ewa, 1974 - Topic drop and null subjects in German Berlin : De Gruyter, 2016 ISBN 9783110437249

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110446173

Language: English

Subjects: Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures , German Studies

Keywords: Deutsch ; Pro-Drop-Parameter ; Deutsch ; Pro-Drop-Parameter ; Subjektloser Satz ; Dependenzgrammatik ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift

URL: Inhaltstext

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Format: IX, 248 Seiten , 24 cm

ISBN: 9783110444131 , 3110444135

Series Statement: Linguistics & philosophy Volume 6

Note: Erscheint auch als E-Medium Erscheint auch als 9783110446180 (ISBN) , Erscheint auch als E-Medium Erscheint auch als 9783110446173 (ISBN) , Erscheint auch als E-Medium Erscheint auch als 9783110437249 (ISBN) , Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2014

Language: English

Keywords: Deutsch ; Pro-Drop-Parameter

URL: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=5304480&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm

URL: http://d-nb.info/1073598675/04

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Format: 1 online resource (303 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-97077-5 , 90-272-7301-4

Series Statement: Linguistik aktuell/Linguistics today (LA), v. 198

Content: This volume investigates the clausal syntax of Wolof, an understudied Atlantic language of Senegal. The goals of the work are descriptive, analytical, and comparative, with a focus on the structure of the left periphery and left peripheral phenomena. The book includes detailed examination of the morpho-syntax of wh-questions, successive cyclicity, subject marking, relative clauses, topic/focus articulation, and complementizer agreement. Novel data from Wolof is used to evaluate and extend theoretical proposals concerning the structure of the Complementizer Phrase (CP) and Tense Phrase (TP). It

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , The Clause Structure of Wolof; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Dedication page; Table of contents; Preface; List of abbreviations; Chapter 1. Introductory remarks on Wolof grammar; 1.1 Overview of the book; 1.2 Wolof in the Atlantic family and Senegambian group; 1.3 Wolof and Its dialects; 1.4 Previous work on Wolof; 1.5 Phonology; 1.5.1 Phonemic inventory and orthographic conventions; 1.5.2 Phonological processes; 1.5.3 Orthographic conventions; 1.6 Agreement; 1.7 Nouns and pronouns; 1.7.1 Nouns and noun class; 1.7.2 The determiner system of Wolof; 1.7.3 Object marking , 1.8 Verb morphology1.9 Tense and aspect; Chapter 2. Clause types and clause structure; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Negation; 2.3 Clitic position; 2.4 Subject marking; 2.4.1 Overview of subject marking; 2.4.2 Cleft clause subject markers; 2.4.3 Strong pronouns; 2.4.4 Genitive subject markers; 2.4.5 Neutral na-clause subject markers; 2.4.6 Conclusions; Chapter 3. The Wolof left periphery; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Exploded CP; 3.3 Focus and emphasis in Wolof; 3.4 Topics; 3.5 The complementizer system; 3.5.1 Declarative clauses; 3.5.2 Yes/No questions; 3.5.3 Wh-questions; 3.6 The far left periphery , 3.7 SummaryChapter 4. The structure of relative clauses; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Basics of Wolof relative clauses; 4.3 Raising properties of Wolof relative clauses; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Islands; 4.3.3 A Wolof-specific movement test; 4.3.4 Reconstruction effects; 4.4 Relative clause structure: The relative markers; 4.4.1 Analyzing the relative markers; 4.4.2 Distribution of the relative markers; 4.4.3 Tense and the relative markers; 4.4.4 Intermediate summary; 4.5 CP, D, and CP-raising; 4.5.1 Structures and dependencies; 4.5.2 The relation between D and C; 4.5.3 CP raising , 4.5.4 Ideophones and CP raising4.5.5 Relative clauses and Wh-expressions; 4.6 Open issues: Indefinite relative clauses; 4.7 Summary; Chapter 5. Null nominals in Wolof and elsewhere; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The existence of null wh-expressions in Wolof; 5.3 Null and overt wh-expressions in Wolof; 5.4 Interpretation and identification of null and overt wh-expressions; 5.5 Movement properties of null and overt wh-expressions; 5.5.1 Introduction; 5.5.2 Null wh-expressions and islands; 5.5.3 Successive cyclic effects in movement; 5.5.4 A Wolof-specific movement diagnostic; 5.5.5 Superiority , 5.5.6 Crossover5.5.7 Reconstruction effects; 5.6 A third type of wh-expression in Wolof; 5.7 Open issues with the relative markers; 5.8 Wolof null wh's in the typology of null wh-operators; 5.8.1 Introduction; 5.8.2 Wolof null nominals I: The locative ana construction; 5.8.3 Wolof null nominals II: Temporal clauses; 5.8.4 Topic drop in German; 5.8.5 Wh-drop in Dutch and Bavarian; 5.8.6 Norwegian; 5.9 Conclusions; Chapter 6. Complementizer agreement in Wolof and beyond; 6.1 Varieties of C-agreement; 6.2 A-agreement languages; 6.2.1 Germanic complementizer agreement; 6.2.2 Najdi Arabic , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5581-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: vii, 381 p.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4237-7236-9 , 9786612255274 , 1-282-25527-4 , 90-272-9577-8

Series Statement: Language acquisition & language disorders, v. 32

Content: This volume is a collection of studies by some of the foremost researchers of French acquisition in the generative framework. It provides a unique perspective on cross-learner comparative research in that each chapter examines the development of one component of the grammar (functional categories) across different contexts in French learners: i.e. first language acquisition, second language acquisition, bilingual first language acquisition and specifically-language impaired acquisition. This permits readers to see how similar issues and morphosyntactic properties can be investigated in a range of various acquisition situations, and in turn, how each context can contribute to our general understanding of how these morphosyntactic properties are acquired in all learners of the same language. This state-of-the-art collection is enhanced by an introductory chapter that provides background on current formal generative theory, as well as a summary and synthesis of the major trends emerging from the individual studies regarding the acquisition of different functional categories across different learner contexts in French.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , The Acquisition of French in Different Contexts -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Functional categories in the acquisition of French -- 1. Functional categories and their role in acquisition -- 2. Why conduct cross-learner comparisons? -- 3. Generalizations about functional category acquisition across learner contexts -- 4. Chapter summaries -- 4.1. Chapters on L1 acquisition, with and without SLI -- 4.2. Chapters on L2 and bilingual L1 acquisition -- Notes -- References -- Part 1. L1 and SLI -- Functional categories and the acquisition of distance quantification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The syntax of quantifiers -- 2.1. Floated quantifiers (FQ) -- 2.2. Quantification at a distance (QAD) -- 3. Experiments -- 3.1. Experiment 1 - beaucoup -- 3.2. Experiment 2 - chacun -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- Appendix 1 - Experiment 1 with beaucoup -- Appendix 2 - Experiment 1 with chacun -- References -- Apparent non-nominative subjects in L1 French -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Data and methods -- 3. Hypothesis 1: Pronominal AHSs are true subjects in the default case -- 3.1. Patterns of Agreement and Tense specification in child French -- 3.2. Predictions of the ATOM for child French -- 3.3. Child French does not behave as predicted under the ATOM -- 4. Hypothesis 2: Pronominal AHSs are dislocated subjects with a missing resumptive -- 4.1. There are clear dislocated pronominal subjects in child French -- 4.2. Predictions of the dislocation analysis of AHSs -- 4.3. Acoustic evidence -- 4.4. Distributional evidence -- 4.5. Additional evidence -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Comparing L2 and SLI grammars in child French: Focus on DP -- 1.1. DP in French and English -- 1.2. DP Acquisition in SLI Romance -- 1.3. DP Acquisition in L2 Romance. , 1.4. Predictions for French L2 and French SLI -- 2. Method -- 2.1. Participants and procedures -- 2.2. Coding and analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Note -- References -- Comparing the development of the nominal and the verbal functional domain in French Language Impairment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1. Observations on the development of functional categories in French unimpaired children -- 2.2. Observations on the development of functional categories in French children with SLI -- 2.3. Theoretical approaches to determiner omission in (normal) language development -- 2.4. Structure of this chapter -- 3. Method -- 3.1. Participants -- 3.2. Data analysis -- 4. Determiner omissions and non-finite constructions -- 4.1. Normally developing French children -- 4.2. French children with SLI -- 5. Determiner drop and the omission of complement clitics -- 5.1. Normally developing French children -- 5.2. French children with SLI -- 6. Other observations on determiner omission -- 6.1. Unexpected subjects -- 6.2. The context of overt prepositions -- 6.3. Initial/non-initial and subject/object contexts -- 7. Problems with free or with bound morphology? -- 8. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Note -- References -- Part 2. SLA and bilingualism -- On the L2/bilingual acquisition of French by two young children with different source languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A language comparison -- 2.1. Overview -- 2.2. German pronouns and clitics -- 3. The method and first measure of proficiency -- 3.1. Exposure -- 3.2. Preference for target or source language -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Functional categories, root infinitives and null subjects -- 4.2. Transfer phenomena -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Appendix -- References -- Explaining the acquisition and non-acquisition of determiner-noun gender concord in French and Spanish. , 1. Introduction -- 2. Gender concord in the French and Spanish DP -- 3. A generative model of gender concord in the DP -- 4. Gender concord in the context of acquisition -- 4.1. The development of D-N gender concord in L1 French and Spanish -- 4.2. The development of D-N gender concord in L2 French and Spanish -- 5. Further evidence for the proposal from language processing, code-switching and language impairment -- 6. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Functional categories and the acquisition of object clitics in L2 French -- Introduction1 -- 1. Theory -- 1.1. French and English pronouns -- 1.2. Theoretical analysis -- 1.3. L2 Functional categories -- 2. Empirical data -- 2.1. Previous L2 studies -- 2.2. L1 studies -- 2.3. Current study -- 3. Discussion -- 3.1. Structure Building vs. FT/FA -- 3.2. Availability of UG -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- Appendix 1: Tokens of object pronouns/clitics, Emma and Chloe -- Appendix 2: Grammaticality judgement sentences with pronouns/clitics -- References -- The acquisition of the French DP in a bilingual context -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. The development of lexical determiners -- 3.1. Frequency -- 3.2. Order of appearance -- 3.3. Number and gender errors -- 3.4. The internal structure of the DP -- 4. Developmental links -- 4.1. Specificity in the clausal and the nominal domain -- 4.2. Object clitics and definite determiners in Anouk -- 4.3. Root Infinitives and determiners in Anouk's data -- 5. Cross-linguistic influence? -- 5.1. Acquiring two languages from birth -- 5.2. From bare N to full DP in monolingual child French -- 5.3. The internal structure of the DP and the position of adjectives -- 5.4. Developmental links between the nominal and the clausal domain. -- 5.5. Cross-linguistic influence? -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References. , Null-arguments in bilingual children: French topics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language separation and crosslinguistic influence -- 3. Omissions in monolinguals -- 3.1. Adult German -- 3.2. Child German -- 3.3. Adult French -- 3.4. Child French -- 3.5. Summary and discussion of the monolingual data -- 4. Omissions in bilingual children's French -- 4.1. Previous studies -- 4.2. The bilingual child Céline -- 4.3. Objects -- 4.4. Subjects -- 4.5. Comparison with monolingual French children -- 4.6. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- The semantic and aspectual properties of child L2 root infinitives -- Introduction -- 1. Semantic and aspectual properties of RIs in L1 acquisition -- 2. RIs in early child SLA -- 3. Predictions -- 4. The study -- 5. Results -- 5.1. Finiteness and verb-type -- 5.2. Finiteness and modality -- 5.3. DP and strong pronoun subjects in root declaratives -- 5.4. Verb-forms in subject questions -- 6. Discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Cliticisation in the acquisition of French as L1 and L2 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1. Pronouns and articles -- 2.2. Previous studies on the acquisition of clitics -- 2.3. Rationale and hypothesis -- 3. Corpus - the children and adults studied -- 4. Analysis of the data -- 4.1. Acquisition of subject pronouns -- 4.2. Acquisition of object pronouns -- 4.3. Acquisition of the definite article -- 5. Cliticisation and not - some possible explanations -- 6. General discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Name index -- Subject index -- The series LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5291-2

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-58811-455-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-16111-3 , 9786612161117 , 90-272-9635-9

Series Statement: Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory, v. 238

Content: Twenty-one articles from the 31st LSRL investigate cutting-edge issues and interfaces across phonology, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, semantics, and syntax in multiple dialects of such Romance languages as Catalan, French, Creole French, and Spanish, both old and modern. Research in Romance phonology moves from the quantitative and synchronic to cover issues of diachrony and Optimality theory. Work within pragmatics and sociolinguistics also explores the synchronic/diachronic link while topicalizing such issues as change of non-pro-drop Swiss French toward pro-drop status, scalar implicatures, speech acts, word order, and simplification in contexts of language contact. Finally, debates in linguistic theory are resumed in the work on syntax and semantics within both a Minimalist perspective and an Optimality framework. How do Catalan and French children acquire AGR and TNS? Can Basque Spanish be compared to topic-oriented Chinese? If Spanish preverbal subjects occur in an A-position, can Spanish no longer be compared to Greek?.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , A ROMANCE PERSPECTIVE ON LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE AND USE -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Table of contents -- Introduction and acknowledgment -- Phonology and morphology -- Pronominal clitics in Picard revisited -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Auger's (1994a) analysis of Picard subject clitics -- 3. Vowel epenthesis in Vimeu Picard -- 4. An OT analysis of vowel epenthesis in clitic + verb clusters -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Sources -- Spanish /s/ -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and method -- 3. Does the final to initial continuum hold? -- 4. Final /s/ reduction: Following phonological environment and frequency/ lexical effects -- 5. Initial /s/ reduction: Preceding phonological environment, frequency/ lexical effects and productivity -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Consonant intrusion in heterosyllabic cosonant-liquid clusters in Old Spanish and Old French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intrusive consonants in Old Spanish and Old French: The basic data -- 3. Intrusive consonants in a rule-based approach -- 4. An Optimality theoretical account of intrusive consonants -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- A constraint interaction theory of Italian raddoppiamento -- 1. Raddoppiamento at phonetic interface -- 2. Consonant length in Italian -- 2.1. Initial consonant lengthening (raddoppiamento) -- 2.2. C-lengthening, C-copying and latent elements -- 2.3. Stress to weight effects -- 2.4. Initial and final C-lengthening: Interaction with Onsets and Codas -- 2.5. Metrical stress retraction, clash and raddoppiamento -- 2.6. Syntactic, prosodic and semantic effects -- 2.7. Duration rhythm, RF and the design of grammar: A closer look -- 3. Quantitative (duration) restrictions and the ranking of constraints -- 3.1. Interaction between lexical prominence and vowel quantity: Stress-to-Weight > -- > -- *VV. , 3.2. Vowel and consonant quantity interaction: *VV > -- > -- *CC -- 3.3. Coda lengthening: Stress and syllable structure interaction: Onset > -- > -- NoCoda -- 3.4. Lexical faithfulness and `contrast': Ident-io[dur/Cm] > -- > -- *VV > -- > -- *CC > -- > -- Ident-io[dur] -- 4. Rules, constraints and the typology of raddoppiamento revisited -- 4.1. Absence of lexically driven RF in Marsican: Inverse ranking -- 5. Conclusion and consequences -- Notes -- References -- Pragmatics and sociolinguistics -- Ground/Focus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Illocutionary definition of Focus -- 2.1. Illocutionary boundary tones and Focus marking -- 2.2. Illocutionary definition of Focus -- 2.3. Descriptive adequacy of the illocutionary definition -- 2.4. To sum up -- 3. The thematic definition of Ground -- 3.1. C accent and pitch range widening -- 3.2. Büring's definition of Discourse Topic -- 3.3. Definitions of Ground and Given -- 4. Information Structure and word order -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The subject clitics of Conversational European French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The corpus -- 3. Discussion of the data -- 3.1. Morphologization of the subject clitics -- 3.2. Semantic changes in the inflectional prefixes -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- A scalar propositional negative polarity item in Spanish -- 1. Introduction: Propositional NPIs -- 2. Que digamos as an NPI -- 3. Scales and propositions -- 4. Associated implicatures -- 5. Non-declaratives -- 6. Tampoco and attenuation -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- A pragmatic analysis of Imperfect Conditionals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tense flexibility and counterfactuality -- 3. Modal uses of the Imperfect -- 3.1. The interaction of tense and modality -- 3.2. Accessibility relations and their time-argument -- 4. Imperfect Conditionals. , 5. Presuppositions (Felicity Conditions) -- 5.1. The contribution of tense to the Felicity Conditions -- 6. Scalar implicatures -- 7. Syntactic evidence for my semantic analysis: Turkish conditionals -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Indirect objects in ditransitive constructions in Brazilian Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The data and the quantitative analysis -- 2.1. The feature [+/-(potentially) light] on the verb -- 2.2. The feature [+/-referential] on the nominal in the direct object position -- 3. Complex events, light verbs and the theory of argument structure -- 3.1. On the licensing of [(potentially) light] and [referential] features in the projection of lexical heads -- 3.2. A correlation between Brazilian Portuguese and English dative constructions -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Pragmatic variation in Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The study -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1. External modifications -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Situation 2 (from the US corpus) -- Clitic simplification in a contact variety of Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- The expression of topic in spoken Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Topic and word order -- 3. Topic and the cognitive status of the referent -- 4. Topic and stress placement -- 5. Primary stress and topic shift -- 6. The cognitive motivation of topic -- 7. The gradation of topic saliency -- 8. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- An adaptive approach to noun gender in New York contact Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The corpus -- 1.2. Adaptation -- 1.3. Addressing circularity in adaptive reasoning -- 2. Applications of the gender system -- 2.1. Adaptive simplification in gender -- 2.2. Prediction with regard to bare nouns -- 2.3. Prediction with regard to adjectives. , 2.4. Prediction with regard to articles -- 2.5. Prediction with regard to anaphora -- 3. Limitations -- 3.1. Codeswitching vs. borrowing -- 3.2. Excluding words used in the home countries -- 3.3. Mechanism of change -- 4. Discussion of article and adjective predictions -- Notes -- References -- Properties of the double object construction in Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Properties of DOCs and (non-)parallelisms with IO doubling -- 2.1. Goal restrictions -- 2.2. Binding asymmetries -- 2.3. Scope freezing -- 2.4. Conclusions -- 3. Alternate projection vs. derivation -- 4. Harley's Alternate Projection Analysis -- 5. Accounting for the facts -- 5.1. Goal restrictions -- 5.2. Binding asymmetries -- 5.3. Scope freezing -- 6. Idioms -- 6.1. Idioms in English -- 6.2. Idioms in Spanish -- 7. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Spanish perception verbs and sequence of tenses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The sensory and cognitive interpretations of perception verbs -- 3. Aspect and aktionsart -- 4. General tense interpretation of indicative complements -- 5. Tense interpretation of complements to perception verbs -- 5.1. Aktionsart effects in complement clause -- 5.2. Requirements of the sensory and cognitive interpretations -- 6. Implications for sequence of tense analyses -- Notes -- References -- Defaults and competition in the acquisition of functional categories in Catalan and French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Empirical patterns in French and Catalan -- 2.1. Developmental stages -- 2.2. NRFs and defaults -- 2.3. Development of tense and agreement -- 3. Accounting for variability in Optimality Theory -- 3.1. Floating constraints and partial rankings in child grammars -- 3.2. Theoretical advantages of an OT approach -- 3.3. Case study from Catalan: Laura -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix: Developmental stages. , Constraints on the meanings of Bare Nouns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Cross-linguistic variations in the meanings of Bare Nominals: The facts -- 3.1. English Bare Nominals (Germanic) -- 3.2. Italian (Romance) Bare Nominals -- 3.3. Bare Nominals in Cape Verdean Creole (CVC) -- 3.4. Bare Nominals in Seychelles Creole (SC) -- 3.5. Bare Nominals in Haitian Creole (HC) -- 4. Generalizations on the meaning of BN: Analysis -- 4.1. Existential and Generic readings of BN -- 4.2. Definite readings of BNs -- 4.3. Bare singulars -- Notes -- References -- Null objects revisited -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Null objects in Basque Spanish -- 3. Sánchez' (1998) analysis -- 4. Former research on Basque Spanish null object constructions: Franco and Landa (1991), Landa (1995), and Landa and Franco (1996) -- 5. The analysis -- 6. The language contact influence -- 7. Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- Auxiliary choice and pronominal verb constructions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The dialect hypothesis of auxiliary variation -- 2.1. A descriptive approach -- 2.2. Toward a theoretical approach -- 3. The syntax of have/be alternations -- 4. Have/be alternations and the passé surcomposé -- 4.1. French transitive and intransitive verb constructions -- 4.2. Accounting for the Spell-Out form `have have' -- 4.3. Accounting for the Spell-Out form `have be' -- 4.4. Accounting for the Spell-Out form `be have' -- 5. Auxiliary choice and pronominal verb constructions -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The lexical preverbal subject in a Romance Null Subject Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overt preverbal subjects: A'- or A-position? -- 2.1. Distributional facts -- 2.2. Interpretational facts -- 2.3. Binding facts -- 3. The proposal -- 4. Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- Intervention effects in the French wh-in-situ construction -- 1. Introduction. , 2. The phenomenon. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-58811-374-4

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-4750-1

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (259 pages).

Edition: 1st ed.

Series Statement: Studies in Germanic linguistics (SIGL) ; Volume 2

Content: This book develops a grammar model for discourse ellipses in spoken Norwegian. Two major questions are addressed. Firstly, is there active syntactic structure in the ellipsis site? Secondly, how are discourse ellipses licensed? It is argued that both structural and semantic restrictions are required to account for the empirical patterns.

Note: Intro -- Norwegian Discourse Ellipsis -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Characteristics of spontaneous speech -- 1.2 Types of fragments and ellipses -- 1.2.1 Structural ellipses -- 1.2.2 Performance governed apocopes in spoken language -- 1.2.3 Freestanding constituents -- 1.2.4 Discourse ellipses -- 1.2.5 Elliptical data from written registers -- 1.3 A distinct grammar for spontaneous speech? -- 1.3.1 Same grammar or different grammars? -- 1.3.2 Dialogism versus monologism -- 1.4 Well-formedness in discourse ellipses -- 1.5 Collection of data -- 1.6 Overview of the book -- Chapter 2. Null arguments in generative theory -- 2.1 Pro drop and zero topic -- 2.2 German subject/object asymmetries -- 2.3 The null constant -- 2.4 Null subjects in abbreviated registers - structural truncation? -- 2.5 Fundament ellipsis in Swedish -- 2.6 Towards a uniform approach to null arguments -- 2.7 The need for an empirical and theoretical broadening -- Chapter 3. Foundations of a grammar model -- 3.1 A selective approach to meaning: Grammar semantics -- 3.2 A weak interpretation of the principle of full identification -- 3.3 Endoskeletal versus exoskeletal theories -- 3.3.1 Lexically driven grammars -- 3.3.2 The exoskeletal alternative -- 3.3.3 Five syntactic frames in Norwegian -- Chapter 4. A g-semantic syntax with insertion slots -- 4.1 Syntactic terminals - the building blocks -- 4.2 Empty slots for insertion -- 4.3 Separationism in the functional domain -- 4.4 Clausal architecture -- 4.4.1 CP - Illocutionary force and speech acts -- 4.4.2 TP - a tense operator -- 4.4.3 A predication operator in PrP -- 4.4.4 An exoskeletal approach to VP -- 4.4.5 The ontology of lexical semantics -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Chapter 5. Silent structure and feature construal. , 5.1 The structure question -- 5.2 Agreement and valuation of phi-features -- 5.2.1 Active agreement features in the ellipsis site -- 5.2.2 Checking by valuation -- 5.2.3 Semantic agreement -- 5.2.4 An alternative analysis: Feature construal -- 5.2.5 Feature construal in discourse ellipses -- Chapter 6. Semantic licensing restrictions -- 6.1 Phonological deletion -- 6.2 Deletion through movement -- 6.3 Semantic identity and structural licensing restrictions -- 6.4 Recoverability of deletion -- 6.4.1 The original principle -- 6.4.2 Expanded use of the principle - recoverability in context -- 6.4.3 Strategies for identification -- 6.5 Shortcomings of the recoverability condition -- 6.5.1 Expletive subjects and copula verbs -- 6.5.2 Structural licensing -- 6.6 Processing discourse ellipses -- Chapter 7. Structural licensing conditions -- 7.1 The vulnerability of the C-domain -- 7.1.1 The C-domain as an interface to discourse -- 7.1.2 Preposed elements in [spec,CP]: topic and focus -- 7.1.3 Non-sentence initial discourse ellipses -- 7.1.4 Person restrictions on topic drop -- 7.1.5 Interacting syntactic and semantic restrictions -- 7.2 The CP-TP connection - silence under agree -- 7.2.1 Empirical patterns -- 7.2.2 No CP in subject-initial clauses? -- 7.2.3 Feature inheritance from C to T - a phase-based analysis -- 7.2.4 Silence under agree -- 7.3 Agreement and silence in the C - T complex -- 7.3.1 Omitted topicalized subject -- 7.3.2 Omitted topicalized object -- 7.3.3 Omitted topicalized subject and auxiliary -- 7.3.4 Omission of topicalized object and auxiliary is impossible -- 7.3.5 Ellipsis in yes/no questions -- 7.3.6 Lexical verbs versus modal and perfective auxiliaries -- 7.4 Why is there a subject/object asymmetry in the C-domain? -- Chapter 8. Concluding remarks -- 8.1 Empirical and theoretical contributions -- 8.2 Prospects -- References. , Empirical sources -- Appendix -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 4 -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-0039-4

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-6437-6

Language: English