Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 41 S.

Series Statement: Sprachwissenschaft in Frankfurt 5

Language: English

Keywords: Skandinavistik ; Linguistik ; Universalgrammatik ; Germanistik ; Linguistik ; Universalgrammatik ; Skandinavische Sprachen ; Universalgrammatik ; Deutsch ; Universalgrammatik

Author information: Grewendorf, Günther 1946-

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Format: vii, 226 p. : , ill.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-4237-6640-7 , 9786612254376 , 90-272-9520-4 , 1-282-25437-5

Series Statement: Linguistik aktuell = v. 72

Content: This volume emphasizes a new line of thinking in generative grammar which acknowledges that certain synchronic properties of languages can only be fully understood if diachronic data is taken into consideration. The central topics addressed in this collection of papers are (1) a critical assessment of the hypothesis that certain apparently synchronic generalizations are actually the result of the mechanisms of language change, (2) an inquiry into how diachronic data can be used to evaluate and shape formal analyses of particular synchronic phenomena. Reviving the interest in diachronic explanations for synchronic data, the contributions provide novel and original diachronic accounts of phenomena that up to now have escaped a deeper synchronic explanation, including the nature of EPP features, gaps in the distribution of complementizer agreement, and counterexamples to the generalization that rich verbal inflection correlates with verb movement.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Diachronic Clues to Synchronic Grammar -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Generative approaches to diachronic phenomena -- 2. The logical problem of language change -- 3. On the status of diachronic explanations -- 4. The contributions -- Notes -- References -- On the development of possessive determiners -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 3. The DP layer in Old English -- 4. Possessive pronouns in Old English -- 4.1. Morphology and distribution -- 4.2. Word order patterns in Old English -- 5. Possessive pronouns in Middle English -- 6. From XP to clitic -- 7. Possessive pronouns in German and French -- 7.1. German -- 7.2. French -- 8. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Diachronic clues to pro-drop and complementizer agreement in Bavarian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The diachronic development of Agr-on-C in Bavarian -- 2.1. 2sg -st -- 2.2. 2pl -ts -- 2.3. 1pl -ma in Lower Bavarian -- 3. Towards an analysis -- 3.1. A synchronic account of complementizer agreement in Germanic -- 3.2. The diachrony of Agr-on-C: syntactic aspects -- 3.3. Morphological aspects -- 4. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Syntactic effects of inflectional morphology and competing grammars -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Syntactic variation and morphological variation -- 3. `XP-subject' orders in Germanic -- 3.1. `XP-subject' in West Germanic -- 3.2. `XP-subject' in Mainland Scandinavian -- 3.3. Morphology, syntax and diachronic change -- 3.4. `XP-subject' in Mainland Scandinavian revisited -- 3.5. Summary -- 4. Word order freedom and case morphology in the history of English -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Language change versus grammar change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The change from OV to VO in English -- 2.1. Differences between German and English. , 2.2. Word order and peripheral rules in the older stages of Germanic -- 3. Unmarked word order and the Universal Base Hypothesis -- 4. Options in grammar and the role of prosodic constraints -- 5. Stylistic change? The development of the German sentence bracket -- 5.1. The role of information-structure -- 5.2. The grammar of focus -- Notes -- References -- The EPP, fossilized movement and reanalysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Post-verbal modals in southeast Asia -- 3. Taiwanese, tone sandhi and post-verbal potential modals -- 4. Cantonese -- 5. Triggers for movement, fossilization and the EPP -- 6. Reversal or reanalysis? -- 7. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Restructuring and the development of functional categories -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Resultative Verb Constructions/RVCs -- 3. V2-object predication in RVCs -- 4. The historical development of RVCs -- 5. Object/V2 re-positioning and directionality -- 6. Summary and general conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-2796-9

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-58811-587-9

Language: English

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource

ISBN: 9783110197327

Series Statement: Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 153

Content: In what ways can dialectologists and language typologists profit from each others' work when looking across the fence? This is the guiding question of this volume, which involves follow-up questions such as: How can dialectologists profit from adopting the large body of insights in and hypotheses on language variation and language universals familiar from work in language typology, notably functional typology? Vice versa, what can typologists learn from the study of non-standard varieties? What are possible contributions of dialectology to areal typologies and the study of grammaticalization? What are important theoretical and methodological implications of this new type of collaboration in the study of language variation? The 18 contributors, among them many distinguished dialectologists, sociolinguists and typologists, address these and other novel questions on the basis of analyses of the morphology and syntax of a broad range of dialects (Germanic, Romance, Balto-Slavic, Indo-Aryan).

Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Contents; Introduction; Dialectology and typology - An integrative perspective; Local markedness as a heuristic tool in dialectology: The case of amn't; Non-standard evidence in syntactic typology - Methodological remarks on the use of dialect data vs spoken language data; The typology of motion and posture verbs: A variationist account; Dynamic typology and vernacular universals; Definite articles in Scandinavian: Competing grammaticalization processes in standard and non-standard varieties; Person marking in Dutch dialects; A typology of relative clauses in German dialects , Do as a tense and aspect marker in varieties of EnglishTypology, dialectology and the structure of complementation in Romani; Problems for typology: Perfects and resultatives in spoken and non-standard English and Russian; Comparing grammatical variation phenomena in non-standard English and Low German dialects from a typological perspective; On three types of dialect variation and their implications for linguistic theory. Evidence from verb clusters in Swiss German dialects; Substrate, superstrate and universals: Perfect constructions in Irish English , The impact of language contact and social structure on linguistic structure: Focus on the dialects of Modern GreekJespersen's cycle and the interaction of predicate and quantifier negation in Flemish; "Gendered" pronouns in English dialects - A typological perspective; Population linguistics on a micro-scale. Lessons to be learnt from Baltic and Slavic dialects in contact; Addresses of authors; Language and dialect index; Subject index , Contents; Introduction; Dialectology and typology - An integrative perspective; Local markedness as a heuristic tool in dialectology: The case of amn't; Non-standard evidence in syntactic typology - Methodological remarks on the use of dialect data vs spoken language data; The typology of motion and posture verbs: A variationist account; Dynamic typology and vernacular universals; Definite articles in Scandinavian: Competing grammaticalization processes in standard and non-standard varieties; Person marking in Dutch dialects; A typology of relative clauses in German dialects , Do as a tense and aspect marker in varieties of EnglishTypology, dialectology and the structure of complementation in Romani; Problems for typology: Perfects and resultatives in spoken and non-standard English and Russian; Comparing grammatical variation phenomena in non-standard English and Low German dialects from a typological perspective; On three types of dialect variation and their implications for linguistic theory. Evidence from verb clusters in Swiss German dialects; Substrate, superstrate and universals: Perfect constructions in Irish English , The impact of language contact and social structure on linguistic structure: Focus on the dialects of Modern GreekJespersen's cycle and the interaction of predicate and quantifier negation in Flemish; "Gendered" pronouns in English dialects - A typological perspective; Population linguistics on a micro-scale. Lessons to be learnt from Baltic and Slavic dialects in contact; Addresses of authors; Language and dialect index; Subject index , In English

Additional Edition: ISBN 3110179490

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Dialectology meets typology Berlin [u.a.] : Mouton de Gruyter, 2004 ISBN 3110179490

Language: English

Subjects: Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures

Keywords: Mundart ; Kontrastive Grammatik ; Mundart ; Kontrastive Grammatik ; Aufsatzsammlung

DOI: 10.1515/9783110197327

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: Cover

URL: Cover

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Cover

Author information: Kortmann, Bernd 1960-

UID:

Format: ix, 319 p.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9786612157035 , 90-272-9477-1 , 1-4237-7225-3 , 1-282-15703-5

Series Statement: Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory, v. 257

Content: This volume consists of 19 papers presented at the 16th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, which was held in August 2003 in Copenhagen and drew the largest number of participants and the widest array of languages that this important biannual conference has ever had. As with previous volumes, the papers selected cover a wide range of subjects besides the core areas of historical linguistics, and this time include studies on ethnolinguistics, grammaticalisation, language contact, sociolinguistics, and typology. The individual languages treated include Brazilian Portuguese, Chukchi, Korean, Danish, English, German, Greek, Japanese, Kok-Papónk, Latin, Newar, Old Norse, Romanian, Seneca, Spanish, and Swedish. The volume reflects the state of the art both empirical and theoretical - in Historical Linguistics today, and shows the discipline to be as flourishing and capable of new advances as ever.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 2003 -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Typological reflections on loss of morphological case in Middle Low German and in the Mainland Scandinavian languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chronology -- 3. Case marking in Middle Low German and ways of marking morphological case in NPs -- 4. The borrowing hierarchy -- 5. Typological and areal perspectives on the development of case marking -- 6. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Ethnoreconstruction in Kok-Papónk -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The languages and their historical development -- 3. The fronting of *o (< -- *u) to KB e -- 4. The raising of *a to KB e -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Raising verbs vs. auxiliaries -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Danish at-nci-nexus constructions -- 3. Predicative vs. non-predicative verbs -- 4. Raising verbs vs. auxiliaries - a synchronic analysis -- 4.1. Raising verbs -- 4.2. Auxiliaries -- 5. Raising verbs vs. auxiliaries - a diachronic hypothesis -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- On the origin of the final unstressed [i] in Brazilian and other varieties of Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Status quæstionis -- 2. Analysis of the corpus (13th to 16th centuries) -- 2.1. Forms with final etymological -i (< -- I) -- 2.2. Forms with final ``non-etymological'' -i (< -- E -- I) -- 3. Conclusions: Towards a sociolinguistic reconstruction -- Notes -- References -- Socio-historical evidence for copula variability in rural Southern America -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of the copula in English -- 3. American innovation -- 3.1. R-lessness as a reason for absence in Advance -- 3.2. Influence from AAVE -- 4. Other Southern American copula studies -- 5. The copula in Advance -- 5.1. Results of Advance, N.C. -- 5.2. Age -- 5.3. Gender -- 5.4. Class. , 5.5. Linguistic environments - Absence only -- 6. African-American Influence -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Main stress left in Early Middle English -- 1. Pertinacity in grammar -- 2. Change in the English stress system -- 3. An early generative account: Halle & -- Keyser (1971) -- 4. A Parametric Account -- 4.1. Old English stress (Dresher & -- Lahiri 1991) -- 4.2. Middle English stress -- 4.3. Early Latin borrowings -- 4.4. Changes in direction of parsing and main stress -- 5. Conclusion: Conservatism amid change -- Note -- References -- Some dialectal, sociolectal and communicative aspects of word order variation and change in Late Middle English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Researching word order competition -- 3. Dialect input into London sociolects -- 4. Findings in close-up -- 5. Word order competition in East Anglia -- 6. The London sociolects and the emerging standard -- 7. Reprofiling Geoffrey Chaucer -- 8. Variation and accommodation in John Capgrave -- 9. Geoffrey Chaucer's audiences -- 10. Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Using universal principles of phonetic qualitative reduction in grammaticalization to explain the Old Spanish shift from ge to se -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Confusion of sibilants -- 3. Analogy with reflexive se -- 4. Substitution by reflexive se -- 5. Phonological concomitants of grammaticalization -- 6. The change ge > -- se due to qualitative reduction -- 7. Textual evidence -- 8. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Appendix: Sources of texts used in the study -- The origin of transitive auxiliary verbs in Chukotko-Kamchatkan -- 1. Copular/auxiliary polysemy in Chukchi -- 2. Copulas and auxiliaries in Itelmen -- 3. Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan reconstructions -- 4. The missing `have' equivalent in Itelmen -- 5. `Have' vs. `be' constructions in Chukotko-Kamchatkan -- 6. Summary -- Notes. , References -- Grammaticalisation and Latin -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Paths of semantic extension -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The causal approach -- 2.1. Antecedent and subsequent roles -- 2.2. Space and causation -- 2.3. Purpose and beneficiary -- 3. Types of cause, purpose, and beneficiary expressions in Ancient Greek -- 3.1. Purpose and beneficiary as direction -- 3.2. Purpose and beneficiary as location -- 3.3. Cause as source/origin -- 3.4. Cause as location -- 3.5. Cause, reason, and purpose -- 4. Byzantine Greek -- 5. Modern Greek -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Cause, purpose, and beneficiary in Latin -- 8. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- References -- Vanishing discourse markers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lat. et vs sic -- 2.1. Lat. et as a discourse marker -- 2.2. Lat. sic as adverb and/or conjunction -- 3. Old French et versus si -- 3.1. French et -- 3.2. French si -- 4. Old Romanian e versus si -- 4.1. Old Romanian e -- 4.2. Si in Old Romanian -- 5. Factors favoring the loss of e -- 5.1. The competition between e and si -- 5.2. e versus iara -- 6. Conclusions -- Notes -- Sources -- References -- From ditransitive to monotransitive structure in the history of the Spanish language. Reanalysis of objects -- 1. The phenomenon -- 2. The aim -- 3. The analysis -- 3.1. Objects: The evidence -- 3.2. Verbs -- 4. Summary -- Notes -- Bibliography -- a) Corpus -- Reflexive intensification in Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The construction of reflexivity and intensification -- 2.1. The meaning of reflexivity and intensification -- 2.2. The clitic argument structure construction in Spanish -- 2.3. The Spanish non-clitic reflexive -- 3. The empirical method: varying token ratio -- 4. General data on the historical change -- 5. More specific data on the historical change -- 6. Interpreting the data. , 6.1. A paradigmatic interpretation -- 6.2. A syntagmatic explanation: Reanalysis -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Modern Swedish bara -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The etymological origin of bara -- 3. From adjective to adverb -- 4. From adverb to conditional subordinator -- 5. Some other relevant grams -- 6. The changes of bara: a case of grammaticalization? -- 6.1. The semantic aspects of the proposed path of change -- 6.2. The syntactic aspects of the proposed path of change -- 6.3. The mechanisms of change -- Notes -- References -- Nordic prefix loss and metrical stress theory with particular reference to *ga- and *bi- -- 1. Introduction: aim and focus -- 2. The binary weight distinction -- 3. Early runic evidence -- 4. Rhythmic-metrical deletion versus phonetic reduction -- 5. Prosodic Repair Strategies -- 5.1. Latin -- 5.2. Modern Norwegian -- 5.3. Modern Standard German -- 6. Nordic prefix loss as a Prosodic Repair Strategy -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The origin and development of lär, a modal epistemic in Swedish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lär as a grammaticalized item in Contemporary Swedish -- 3. Previous research and proposals on the origin of lär -- 4. Comparisons between the possible origins from lära or låta -- 4.1. Phonological discussions regarding the origin of epistemic lär -- 4.2. The origin of the epistemic lär: Semantic considerations -- 5. Regarding the derivation of epistemic lär from lata/låta -- 5.1. The suggested derivation from låta/lata `seem, appear' -- 5.2. Possible development of epistemic lär from complex sentences with deontic and epistemic implication -- 6. Discussions regarding sentence structures and theta-roles -- 7. The development of lär in Modern Swedish -- 8. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Appendix: Excerpted literature. , The development of the Spanish verb ir into an auxiliary of voice -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Passive constructions in Spanish? -- 1.2. Ir + past participle -- 2. Diachronic analysis -- 2.1. Grammaticalisation criteria: Grammar -- 2.2. Grammaticalisation criteria: Semantics -- 3. Modern use -- 4. The diachronic development of the middle meaning -- 5. The accumulative meaning -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- The development of continuous aspect -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Definitions of aspect -- 3. The development of aspect -- 4. Verb types and aspect markers -- 5. Continuous aspect -- 6. Japanese -- 7. Other languages -- 7.1. Newar -- 7.2. Parji -- 7.3. Korean -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- The series CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-4771-4

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-58811-586-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (367 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-94336-0 , 90-272-7243-3

Series Statement: Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 202

Content: Over the past two decades, studies of the phylogenetic emergence of language have typically focused on grammatical characteristics, especially those that distinguish modern languages from animal communication. The relevant literature has thus left the reader with the impression that language is either exclusively or primarily mental; in the latter case, its physical features, phonetic or manual, would be epiphenomena that may be overlooked. I argue that language is natural collective technology that evolved primarily to facilitate efficient communication in populations whose social structures

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , In Search of Universal Grammar; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Introduction; 1. From Old Norse to Zoque; 2. Outline of the chapters; Acknowledgments; Scandinavian; On the syntax of the accusative/dative alternation in spatial PPs in Norwegian dative dialects; 1. Introduction; 2. A syntactic difference; 3. Articulating the analysis; 4. The structure of spatial PPs; 5. A potential problem: Directional dative?; 6. Alternating prepositions in presentational structures; 7. Conclusion; References; Spurious topic drop in Swedish; 1. Introduction; 2. Topic drop , 2.1 Introduction2.2 Parallel movement; 2.3 Two Spec-CPs in Swedish; 2.4. Proposal; 3. Initial locative and invisible subject in Swedish; 4. The Engdahl observation; 5. Clause anticipating pronoun; 6. Quantifier scope and expletives; 7. Split topicalization; 8. Additional cases with spurious topic drop; 8.1 Relative clauses; 8.2 Subject initial main clauses; 9. Summary and conclusion; References; Germanic sociolinguistics; "The voice from below; 1. Introduction; 2. Historical background; 3. Background for the 2011-proposal; 4. The 2009 mandate , 5. The committee and the process - "the voice from below"6. Responses to the proposal and the process; 7. Conclusion; References; Gender maintenance and loss in Totenmålet, English, and other major Germanic varieties; Totenmålet; Bergen; Copenhagen; Afrikaans; Dutch/Flemish; High German; Frisian and low German; Relief from puzzlement?; Contact and simplification; Contact and language shift; Contact and geographical diffusion; English; Totenmålet again; References; French; Non-finite adjuncts in French; 1. Introduction; 2. Ant-forms in French; 3. One or two forms?; 3.1 The two proposals , 4. The inner structure of the participle constructions5. Conclusions; References; Topics and the left periphery; 1. Introduction; 2. V2 and the split CP; 3. The left periphery of Old French; 3.1 A V2 language; 3.2 Several elements in front of the finite verb; 3.3 FocusP and the position of the wh-word; 3.4 Remnant movement and the finite verb; 3.5 The topics; 3.6 Scene Setting; 3.7 Interim summary; 4. The left periphery of Modern Germanic; 4.1 Left dislocation; 4.2 Hanging Topics; 4.3 Verb movement to Fin°; 4.4 Fronted elements and the si/så construction; 5. The Topics; 5.1 Occupying ForceP? , 5.2 Moved or base-generated?5.3 The informational value of the fronted element; 6. Conclusion; Appendix: Cited texts; References; Language change; The developmental logic of the analytic past in German and Polish; 1. What's new: The emergence of a novel analytic past tense in Polish?; 2. The logic of emergence of the analytic past: German; 3. Signs of a newly emerging analytic past in spoken Polish; 4. Grammaticalizing into the new analytic active past in Modern Polish; 5. Signals testifying to the new development of analytic tensing; 6. Conclusion - summary; References , The diachrony of pronouns and demonstratives , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5585-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: vii, 283 p.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-00658-8 , 9786613006585 , 90-272-8729-5

Series Statement: Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics today ; 171

Content: One of the recurrent questions in historical linguistics is to what extent languages can borrow grammar from other languages. It seems for instance hardly likely that each 'average European' language developed a definite article all by itself, without any influence from neighbouring languages. It is, on the other hand, by no means clear what exactly was borrowed, since the way in which definiteness is expressed differs greatly among the various Germanic and Romance languages and dialects. One of the main aims of this volume is to shed some light on the question of what is similar and what is different in the structure of the noun phrase of the various Romance and Germanic languages and dialects, and what causes this similarity or difference.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , The Noun Phrase in Romance and Germanic -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- The noun phrase in Germanic and Romance -- 1. Relatedness and (dis)similarities -- 2. Definiteness and the definite article -- 3. Position of adjectives -- 4. Function and position of genitives and genitivals -- 5. An overview of the contributions to this volume -- 5.1 Variation -- 5.2 Change -- References -- Part I. Variation -- Scaling the variation in Romance and Germanic nominalizations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verbal vs. nominal nominalization patterns: A first approximation -- 2.1 The Romance languages (Spanish vs. Romanian) -- 2.2 The Germanic languages (English vs. German) -- 3. The verbal vs. nominal scale -- 3.1 The verbal scale -- 3.2 The nominal scale -- 3.3 Nominal and verbal mixed properties: Summary and conclusions -- 4. Inner and outer aspect in nominalizations -- 4.1 The outer aspect projection -- 4.2 Inner aspect: The [±count] feature on ClassP -- 5. The building blocks of nominalizations and their cross-linguistic distribution -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- What all happens when a universal quantifier combines with an interrogative DP -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What all happens when universal quantifiers combine with wh-words in German -- 2.1 Data and a possible analysis -- 2.2 Derivations -- 2.3 Weaknesses in the model and a possible alternative -- 3. What all happens with universal quantifiers and interrogatives in English, Swedish and the Romance languages -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Micro-diversity in Dutch interrogative DPs -- 1. Micro-variability within the Dutch wat voor 'n N-construction -- 2. Predicate displacement within the wat voor 'n N-construction -- 2.1 Predicate Inversion and the spurious indefinite article -- 2.2 Predicate displacement in the wat voor 'n N-construction. , 3. Dimensions of diversity within the wat voor 'n N-noun phrase -- 3.1 The 'bare' pattern: Wat voor 'n boeken -- 3.2 The soort-pattern: wat voor 'n soort boeken -- 3.3 The doubling pattern: Wat voor zulke boeken -- 3.4 Another soort-variant: wat soortige N -- 4. Micro-diversity in the split wat voor 'n N-construction -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Noun phrase structure and movement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The structure of nominals -- 3. So constructions in English, Danish and German -- 3.1 Deriving pre-article so -- 3.2 Support for the predicate raising analysis -- 4. Such constructions in English, Danish and German -- 4.1 German post-article solch -- 4.2 Deriving pre-article such -- 4.3 German pre-article solch -- 4.4 Danish pre-article sådan -- 5. Summary of the derivations -- 6. Language change -- 6.1 German so and grammaticalization -- 6.2 German solch and grammaticalization -- 7. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- A unified structure for Scandinavian DPs -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Basic data -- 2. Swedish, Norwegian, and Faroese -- 2.1 Optionality or elimination of one of the articles -- 3. Danish and Icelandic -- 4. The semantics of the articles and the adjectival inflection -- 4.1 Swedish, Norwegian, and Faroese -- 4.2 Danish and Icelandic -- 4.3 The adjectival inflection -- 5. Diachronic developments -- 5.1 The development of the definite article(s) -- 5.2 The development of the different realizations of definiteness -- 6. Towards an analysis -- 6.1 The structure of Scandinavian DPs -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- A semantic approach to noun phrase structure and the definite - indefinite distinction in Germanic and Romance -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical assumptions -- 3. A broad outline of the proposal -- 3.1 The N-domain -- 3.2 The D-domain -- 3.3 The positions of attributes. , 4. The semantic implications of definite and indefinite noun phrases -- 5. Noun phrases in Germanic and Romance - a comparison -- 5.1 The derivation of noun phrases in Germanic -- 5.2 The derivation of noun phrases in Romance -- 5.3 The use of definite and indefinite noun phrases in Germanic and Romance -- References -- Definite determiners in two English-based creoles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting the stage -- 2.1 Jamaican Creole and Sranan: Their social and linguistic history -- 2.2 The noun phrase in Jamaican Creole and Sranan -- 2.3 Working definitions -- 3. Distribution of definite determiners in Gbe, JC and Sranan -- 3.1 Specificity-based determiner use in Gbe -- 3.2 Definite determiners and bare definites in JC and Sranan -- 4. On the sources of the discourse-semantic and distributional properties of definite determiners in JC and Sranan -- 4.1 The sources of overt definiteness marking -- 4.2 The sources of bare definite NPs -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Part II. Change -- Form-function mismatches in (formally) definite English noun phrases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. 'Non-specific' weak definites -- 3. Relational weak definites -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The emergence of the definite article in English -- 1. The debate on the definite article in the history of English -- 2. Requirement 2 in OE: Se and proper names -- 3. Requirement 1 in OE: Noun phrases without an overt determiner -- 3.1 Bare nouns (Carlson 1977) -- 3.2 Special lexical items -- 3.3 Other D-less noun phrases -- 4. The possible causes for the emergence of the definite article -- Sources -- References -- On the syntax of Romanian definite phrases -- 1. Aim of the paper. Theoretical assumptions -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2. Theoretical assumptions -- 2. Long distance agree in Old Romanian -- 2.1 The lower definite article. , 2.2 The extension and range of the lower definite article -- 2.3. Interpreting the facts of Old Romanian in the framework sketched in Section 1 -- 3. What the lower article suggests about the emergence of the enclitic article -- 3.1 An open question -- 3.2 Consequences for the analysis of the article: The Romanian definite article is a suffix -- 4. Contexts of occurrence of the lower definite article -- 5. The (Lower) article and the reorganization of the genitive system -- 5.1 The inflectional and the prepositional genitive -- 5.2. Significance of the statistical correlation between the lower definite article and the inflectional genitive -- 6. Other or DP patterns where agree and move operate long distance -- 6.1 Adjectives before demonstratives -- 6.2 Definite NP + Dem -- 6.3 Genitive DPs -- 7. Syntactic ambiguity and the loss of the lower definite article -- 7.1 The pre-nominal lexical genitives -- 7.2 DP-internal inverted predicative adjectives -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Corpus -- Coexisting structures and competing functions in genitive word order -- 1. Possessive constructions and word order types -- 2. GN and NG in English -- 2.1 The diachrony of the genitive variation -- 2.2 The synchrony of the genitive variation -- 3. GN/NG in Latin -- 3.1 The situation in early Latin -- 3.2 The complex distribution of the two patterns in Classical Latin -- 3.3 Functions of the GN structure -- 3.4 Functions of the NG structure -- 3.5 Tendencies and inconsistencies -- 3.6 Sources and evolution of genitive constructions -- 3.7 Genitives and adjectives -- 3.8 Towards new word orders -- 4. Variation and change in Latin and English -- 4.1 Word order flexibility in Latin -- 4.2 The evolution of genitive patterns in English -- 4.3 The role of the sources and the phenomena of gradience -- 5. Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References. , Anaphoric adjectives becoming determiners -- 1. Determiners -- 2. Anaphoric adjectives -- 3. Variation and change in Late Modern Dutch -- 4. Theoretical ramifications and conclusions -- References -- From N to D -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Looking inside N-words -- 2.1 Distributional evidence -- 2.2 The features and modification of n-words -- 2.3 Mapping the structure -- 3. The internal evolution of French n-words -- 3.1 Changing features -- 3.2 Modification -- 3.3 Theoretical implications and conclusions -- References -- Electronic data bases -- Index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5554-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: vii, 283 p.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-00658-8 , 9786613006585 , 90-272-8729-5

Series Statement: Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics today ; 171

Content: One of the recurrent questions in historical linguistics is to what extent languages can borrow grammar from other languages. It seems for instance hardly likely that each 'average European' language developed a definite article all by itself, without any influence from neighbouring languages. It is, on the other hand, by no means clear what exactly was borrowed, since the way in which definiteness is expressed differs greatly among the various Germanic and Romance languages and dialects. One of the main aims of this volume is to shed some light on the question of what is similar and what is different in the structure of the noun phrase of the various Romance and Germanic languages and dialects, and what causes this similarity or difference.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , The Noun Phrase in Romance and Germanic -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- The noun phrase in Germanic and Romance -- 1. Relatedness and (dis)similarities -- 2. Definiteness and the definite article -- 3. Position of adjectives -- 4. Function and position of genitives and genitivals -- 5. An overview of the contributions to this volume -- 5.1 Variation -- 5.2 Change -- References -- Part I. Variation -- Scaling the variation in Romance and Germanic nominalizations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The verbal vs. nominal nominalization patterns: A first approximation -- 2.1 The Romance languages (Spanish vs. Romanian) -- 2.2 The Germanic languages (English vs. German) -- 3. The verbal vs. nominal scale -- 3.1 The verbal scale -- 3.2 The nominal scale -- 3.3 Nominal and verbal mixed properties: Summary and conclusions -- 4. Inner and outer aspect in nominalizations -- 4.1 The outer aspect projection -- 4.2 Inner aspect: The [±count] feature on ClassP -- 5. The building blocks of nominalizations and their cross-linguistic distribution -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- What all happens when a universal quantifier combines with an interrogative DP -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What all happens when universal quantifiers combine with wh-words in German -- 2.1 Data and a possible analysis -- 2.2 Derivations -- 2.3 Weaknesses in the model and a possible alternative -- 3. What all happens with universal quantifiers and interrogatives in English, Swedish and the Romance languages -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Micro-diversity in Dutch interrogative DPs -- 1. Micro-variability within the Dutch wat voor 'n N-construction -- 2. Predicate displacement within the wat voor 'n N-construction -- 2.1 Predicate Inversion and the spurious indefinite article -- 2.2 Predicate displacement in the wat voor 'n N-construction. , 3. Dimensions of diversity within the wat voor 'n N-noun phrase -- 3.1 The 'bare' pattern: Wat voor 'n boeken -- 3.2 The soort-pattern: wat voor 'n soort boeken -- 3.3 The doubling pattern: Wat voor zulke boeken -- 3.4 Another soort-variant: wat soortige N -- 4. Micro-diversity in the split wat voor 'n N-construction -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Noun phrase structure and movement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The structure of nominals -- 3. So constructions in English, Danish and German -- 3.1 Deriving pre-article so -- 3.2 Support for the predicate raising analysis -- 4. Such constructions in English, Danish and German -- 4.1 German post-article solch -- 4.2 Deriving pre-article such -- 4.3 German pre-article solch -- 4.4 Danish pre-article sådan -- 5. Summary of the derivations -- 6. Language change -- 6.1 German so and grammaticalization -- 6.2 German solch and grammaticalization -- 7. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- A unified structure for Scandinavian DPs -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Basic data -- 2. Swedish, Norwegian, and Faroese -- 2.1 Optionality or elimination of one of the articles -- 3. Danish and Icelandic -- 4. The semantics of the articles and the adjectival inflection -- 4.1 Swedish, Norwegian, and Faroese -- 4.2 Danish and Icelandic -- 4.3 The adjectival inflection -- 5. Diachronic developments -- 5.1 The development of the definite article(s) -- 5.2 The development of the different realizations of definiteness -- 6. Towards an analysis -- 6.1 The structure of Scandinavian DPs -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- A semantic approach to noun phrase structure and the definite - indefinite distinction in Germanic and Romance -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical assumptions -- 3. A broad outline of the proposal -- 3.1 The N-domain -- 3.2 The D-domain -- 3.3 The positions of attributes. , 4. The semantic implications of definite and indefinite noun phrases -- 5. Noun phrases in Germanic and Romance - a comparison -- 5.1 The derivation of noun phrases in Germanic -- 5.2 The derivation of noun phrases in Romance -- 5.3 The use of definite and indefinite noun phrases in Germanic and Romance -- References -- Definite determiners in two English-based creoles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting the stage -- 2.1 Jamaican Creole and Sranan: Their social and linguistic history -- 2.2 The noun phrase in Jamaican Creole and Sranan -- 2.3 Working definitions -- 3. Distribution of definite determiners in Gbe, JC and Sranan -- 3.1 Specificity-based determiner use in Gbe -- 3.2 Definite determiners and bare definites in JC and Sranan -- 4. On the sources of the discourse-semantic and distributional properties of definite determiners in JC and Sranan -- 4.1 The sources of overt definiteness marking -- 4.2 The sources of bare definite NPs -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Part II. Change -- Form-function mismatches in (formally) definite English noun phrases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. 'Non-specific' weak definites -- 3. Relational weak definites -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The emergence of the definite article in English -- 1. The debate on the definite article in the history of English -- 2. Requirement 2 in OE: Se and proper names -- 3. Requirement 1 in OE: Noun phrases without an overt determiner -- 3.1 Bare nouns (Carlson 1977) -- 3.2 Special lexical items -- 3.3 Other D-less noun phrases -- 4. The possible causes for the emergence of the definite article -- Sources -- References -- On the syntax of Romanian definite phrases -- 1. Aim of the paper. Theoretical assumptions -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2. Theoretical assumptions -- 2. Long distance agree in Old Romanian -- 2.1 The lower definite article. , 2.2 The extension and range of the lower definite article -- 2.3. Interpreting the facts of Old Romanian in the framework sketched in Section 1 -- 3. What the lower article suggests about the emergence of the enclitic article -- 3.1 An open question -- 3.2 Consequences for the analysis of the article: The Romanian definite article is a suffix -- 4. Contexts of occurrence of the lower definite article -- 5. The (Lower) article and the reorganization of the genitive system -- 5.1 The inflectional and the prepositional genitive -- 5.2. Significance of the statistical correlation between the lower definite article and the inflectional genitive -- 6. Other or DP patterns where agree and move operate long distance -- 6.1 Adjectives before demonstratives -- 6.2 Definite NP + Dem -- 6.3 Genitive DPs -- 7. Syntactic ambiguity and the loss of the lower definite article -- 7.1 The pre-nominal lexical genitives -- 7.2 DP-internal inverted predicative adjectives -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Corpus -- Coexisting structures and competing functions in genitive word order -- 1. Possessive constructions and word order types -- 2. GN and NG in English -- 2.1 The diachrony of the genitive variation -- 2.2 The synchrony of the genitive variation -- 3. GN/NG in Latin -- 3.1 The situation in early Latin -- 3.2 The complex distribution of the two patterns in Classical Latin -- 3.3 Functions of the GN structure -- 3.4 Functions of the NG structure -- 3.5 Tendencies and inconsistencies -- 3.6 Sources and evolution of genitive constructions -- 3.7 Genitives and adjectives -- 3.8 Towards new word orders -- 4. Variation and change in Latin and English -- 4.1 Word order flexibility in Latin -- 4.2 The evolution of genitive patterns in English -- 4.3 The role of the sources and the phenomena of gradience -- 5. Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References. , Anaphoric adjectives becoming determiners -- 1. Determiners -- 2. Anaphoric adjectives -- 3. Variation and change in Late Modern Dutch -- 4. Theoretical ramifications and conclusions -- References -- From N to D -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Looking inside N-words -- 2.1 Distributional evidence -- 2.2 The features and modification of n-words -- 2.3 Mapping the structure -- 3. The internal evolution of French n-words -- 3.1 Changing features -- 3.2 Modification -- 3.3 Theoretical implications and conclusions -- References -- Electronic data bases -- Index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-5554-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: vii, 292 p.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-15662-4 , 9786612156625 , 90-272-9433-X

Series Statement: Linguistik aktuell/Linguistics today, v. 78

Content: This volume brings together papers which address a range of issues regarding the syntax of function words and functional categories in the Germanic languages. The works offered in this volume derive specifically from comparative studies of Germanic; at the same time they all bear directly on long-standing problems in syntactic theory and universal grammar. The contributions include novel theoretical and empirical approaches to infinitives, the syntax and acquisition of Verb Second, the structure and interpretation of present tense, the syntax and semantics of reflexives, the relationship between expletive syntax and the EPP, the syntax of possession, and the DP-internal syntax of pronouns. Some contributions present the results of experimental research which provide an entirely fresh perspective on previously unchallenged claims.

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , The Function of FunctionWords and Functional Categories -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- The function of function words and functional categories -- References -- Verb second as a function of Merge* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General V2 properties -- 3. Problems associated with V2 -- 3.1. V2 asymmetries -- 3.2. Nonstandard V2 phenomena -- 3.3. V2 deviations18 -- 4. The relation of V2 to morphology -- 5. A note on OT approaches to V2 -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Nonnative acquisition of verb second -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The V2 requirement in German and Swedish -- 3. Exceptions to V2 -- 3.1. Clause-initial connective elements -- 3.2. Clause-initial sen (`then') with optional V3 -- 3.3. Pauseless left dislocations -- 3.4. V3 with certain adverbs -- 4. L2 acquisition of German(ic) verb placement: Common notions -- 5. Existing studies of V2 in L1 Swedish learners of L2 German -- 6. New empirical studies -- 6.1. The intermediate learners -- 6.2. The ab initio learners and the English puzzle -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Clause union and clausal position -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Infinitival complementation in language processing -- 2.1. Extraposition and intraposition: A corpus study -- 2.2. Coherent and non-coherent constructions: A questionnaire study -- 2.3. Scope of negation: A reading time experiment -- 2.4. Summary of empirical investigations -- 3. Syntactic and comparative investigations -- 3.1. The distribution of daß-CPs in German -- 3.2. Distribution of infinitives in German and adjacency -- 3.3. An answer from Bangla -- 3.4. Status checking -- 3.5. Status checking and agreement -- 4. Conclusions -- Appendix: Re-positioned zu -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Explaining Expl -- 0. Introduction -- Part I. Merge-Expl -- 1. An unexpected asymmetry. , 2. Why TP-Expl is inadequate -- 3. Raising a solution -- Part II. Move-Expl -- 4. Empirical support: EPP-satisfaction in Germanic -- 4.1. Introduction: Problematic data and previous accounts -- 4.2. A new proposal -- 5. Diachronic support: The emergence of Expl in the history of Germanic -- 5.1. The diachrony of Expl in German and Icelandic -- 5.2. The diachrony of Expl in Dutch and Afrikaans -- 5.3. The diachrony of Expl in MSc and English -- 5.4. Summary of the diachronic facts -- 6. Synchronic optionality: Evidence from Dutch and Afrikaans -- 7. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Reflexives in contexts of reduced valency: German vs. Dutch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reflexive paradigms -- 2.1. Sich selbst is not zichzelf, and sich is not zich -- 2.2. The organization of reflexive paradigms -- 3. German sich -- 3.1. Anticausatives -- 3.2. Inherent reflexives -- 4. Dutch zich -- 4.1. Everaert's (1986) terminatives -- 4.2. Everaert's (1986) inchoatives -- 4.3. Everaert's (1986) psych-movement verbs -- 4.4. Inherent reflexives -- 4.5. On a generalized notion of `inherent reflexivity' -- 5. Afrikaans and Frisian -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Simple tense -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. The Simple Present with non-stative events -- 4. The Simple Present: States -- 5. Generic sentences as ILP -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Possessor licensing, definiteness and case in Scandinavian -- 1. DP-internal possessors in Scandinavian -- 2. Postnominal possessors -- 3. The syntactic structure of DPs with postnominal possessors -- 4. Pronominal postnominal possessors -- 5. Nonpronominal possessors -- 6. Prenominal possessors -- 6.1. Prenominal nonpronominal possessors -- 6.2. Prenominal possessors trigger definiteness -- 6.3. Prenominal possessors are in Spec-DP -- 6.4. The absence of the suffixed definiteness marker. , 6.5. Prenominal possessors and case -- 6.6. An argument from Solør Norwegian -- 7. The definiteness of possessed DPs -- 8. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Pronouns are determiners after all -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pronominal DPs must have a determiner -- 2.1. Adjectival morphology -- 2.2. Idiot-noun phrases require a determiner -- 3. Pronominal DPs involving proper names -- 3.1. Pronouns as determiners for proper names -- 3.2. Proper names as predicates -- 4. Cardinaletti (1994) and some consequences -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix: Singular pronominal DPs -- Notes -- References -- Index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-2802-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (337 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-16238-1 , 9786612162381 , 90-272-9804-1

Series Statement: Studies in language companion series ; v. 56

Content: The eleven selected contributions making up this volume deal with grammatical relations, their coding and behavioral properties, and the change that these properties have undergone in different languages. The focus of this collection is on the changing properties of subjects and objects, although the scope of the volume goes beyond the central problems pertaining to case marking and word order. The diachrony of syntactic and morphosyntactic phenomena are approached from different theoretical perspectives, generative grammar, valency grammar, and functionalism. The languages dealt with include Old English, Mainland Scandinavian, Icelandic, German and other Germanic languages, Latin, French and other Romance languages, Northeast Caucasian, Eskimo, and Popolocan. This book provides an opportunity to compare different theoretical approaches to similar phenomena in different languages and language families.

Note: Six of the contributions were originally presented at a workshop held during the 14th International Conference of Historical Linguistics which was held in Vancouver, B.C., in 1999. , How far does semantic bleaching go : about grammaticalization that does not terminate in functional categories/ , "Oblique subjects," structural and lexical case marking : some thoughts on case assignment in North Germanic and German/ , The notion of oblique subject and its status in the history of Icelandic/ , Towards personal subjects in English : variation in feature interpretability/ , Focus and universal principles governing simplification of cleft structures/ , Recasting Danish subjects : case system, word order and subject development/ , Ergative to accusative : comparing evidence from Inuktitut/ , Subject and object in Old English and Latin copular deontics/ , The loss of lexical case in Swedish/ , The coding of the subject-object distinction from Latin to modern French/ , Changes in Popolocan word order and clause structure/

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-58811-034-6

Additional Edition: ISBN 90-272-3058-7

Language: English