Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource: , illustrations (some color)

Ausgabe: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 3-446-42882-8

Inhalt: Plastics failure, to a certain extent, is the result of a phenomenal increase in the number and variety of applications in relatively few years. The focus of this book is on actual field and product failures. The treatment is comprehensive, emphasizing cause and prevention.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Intro -- Preface to Second Edition -- Acknowledgements -- First Edition -- Second Edition -- Contents -- 1 A Preliminary Look at the Nature, Causes, and Consequences of Plastics Failure -- 1.1  Introduction -- 1.2  Plastics -- 1.3  Polymers -- 1.4  Rubbers and Elastomers -- 1.5  Natural Polymers -- 1.6  Plastics in the Family of Materials -- 1.7  Common Features and Differences in Performance or Failure of all Materials -- 1.8  Unintentional Factors Affecting Failure -- 1.9  Types and Causes of Failure -- 1.9.1  When Failure is Not Really a Failure -- 1.10  The People Factor -- 1.11  The Consequences of Plastics Failure -- 1.12  Legal and Financial Aspects of Plastics Failure (see Chapter 9) [3, 34] -- 1.12.1  Lessons -- 1.13  References -- 1.14  Papers by Myer Ezrin and Coauthors on Plastics Failure Analysis, Plastics Analysis, and Related Subjects -- 1.14.1  Plastics Failure Analysis -- 1.14.2  Plastics Analysis -- 1.14.3  Electrical Insulation -- 1.14.4  Solar Panel Encapsulant Discoloration -- 1.14.5  Plastics Recycling -- 2 Fundamental Materials Variables Affecting Processing and Product Performance or Failure -- 2.1  The Overall Picture -- 2.2  Polymer Composition [1, 2, 3] -- 2.2.1  Major Categories of Plastics Composition -- 2.2.1.1  Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Plastics -- 2.2.1.2  Thermoplastic Elastomers [3, 7] -- 2.2.2  Types of Polymers -- 2.2.2.1  Addition Polymers Based on Vinyl Monomers -- 2.2.2.2  Thermal and Photolytic Stability of Vinyl Addition Polymers -- 2.2.2.3  Thermal Analysis in the Study of Polymer Degradation -- 2.2.2.4 Controlling Thermal Effects in Performance or Failure of Plastics -- 2.2.2.5  Elastomeric Addition Polymers Based on Diene Monomers -- 2.2.2.6  Condensation Polymers -- 2.2.2.7  Other Polymer Types [1, 2, 3] -- 2.2.2.8  Homopolymers, Copolymers, Terpolymers, and Blends. , 2.3  Composition-Intentional Additives -- 2.3.1  Types of Additives (Table 2.3 [9]) -- 2.3.2  Failure Effects of Intentional Additives -- 2.3.2.1  Plasticizers -- 2.3.2.1.1  Adhesion Failure of Vinyl Floor Tiles -- 2.3.2.1.2  Other Plasticizer-Related Failures -- 2.3.2.2  Colorants -- 2.3.2.2.1  Staining of Clothes by Plastic Hangers [4,11] -- 2.3.2.2.2  Effect of Colorants on Notch Sensitivity -- 2.3.2.2.3  Poor Mixing of Colorant in Water Filter Canister -- 2.3.2.3  Flame Retardants -- 2.3.2.3.1  Omission of Flame Retardants -- 2.3.2.3.2  Effect on Mold and Part Dimensions -- 2.3.2.3.3  Effect on a Secondary Part of the Product [11] -- 2.3.2.3.4  Effect of Frozen-In Stress on Molded Parts Causing Early Failure in Service -- 2.3.2.4  Unanticipated Effect of Additive -- 2.3.2.4.1  Enhanced Crystallization Due to a Pigment -- 2.3.2.4.1.1  Shampoo Tube Screw Caps -- 2.3.2.4.1.2  The Case of the Shrinking Polyethylene Milk Case -- 2.3.2.5  Poor Dispersion of Additives-Antioxidant -- 2.3.2.6  Volatility of Additives-Antioxidant -- 2.4  Composition-Unintentional Additives -- 2.4.1  Types of Unintentional Additives -- 2.4.2  Failure Effects of Unintentional Additives -- 2.4.2.1  Extraneous Dirt, Lint, and Other Contaminant Materials -- 2.4.2.1.1  Contaminant from Previous Run in Extruder -- 2.4.2.2  Residual Monomer, Solvent, or Other Low Level Chemicals -- 2.4.2.3  Water -- 2.4.2.3.1  Beneficial Effects of Water Absorbed from the Air -- 2.4.2.3.2  Hydrolysis of Condensation Type Plastics in Melt Processing -- 2.4.2.3.3  Appearance Problem Due to Water in Melt Processing -- 2.4.2.3.4  Voids Formed by Water in Melt Processing -- 2.4.2.3.5  Water Treeing of Extruded Polyolefin Electrical Power Cables (see Chapter 13, Section 13.5.2.5) -- 2.4.2.3.6  Shrinkage and Expansion of Moldings -- 2.4.2.4  Compounding Process Aids in Additives Concentrates. , 2.4.2.5  Additives in Formulation Ingredients to Improve their Performance -- 2.4.2.6  Ionic Impurities from Water in Service (Chapter 13) -- 2.4.2.7  Ionic Impurities in Carbon Black (see Chapter 13) -- 2.4.2.8  Trace Metal from Extruder Barrel and Screw Coating -- 2.4.2.9  Impurities in Intentional Additives or Processing Materials -- 2.5  Molecular Weight (MW) -- 2.6  Intermolecular Order -- 2.6.1  Crystallinity -- 2.6.2  Crosslinking -- 2.6.3  Orientation Due to Processing -- 2.6.4  Degree of Fusion -- 2.6.5  Physical Aging [38-41] -- 2.7  Combined Effect of Molecular Weight and Crystallinity -- 2.8  Lessons -- 2.9  References -- 3 Failures Related to Design and Material Selection -- 3.1  Introduction -- 3.2  Basic and Practical Considerations in Design-Related Failures -- 3.2.1  The People Factor -- 3.2.2  Declaring War on Failure -- 3.2.3  To Test or Not to Test-or How Much is Enough? -- 3.2.4  The Perfect Design and Product-Does It Exist? -- 3.2.5  The Prototype -- 3.2.6  Effect of Design on Processing -- 3.2.7  Design Checklist -- 3.2.8  The Most Common Mistakes in Design of Plastics -- 3.2.8.1  Creep (see Section 3.2.16) -- 3.2.8.2  Stress (see Chapter 5, Section 5.6.1 -- Chapter 7, Section 7.6, 7.7) -- 3.2.8.3  Hostile Environment -- 3.2.8.4  Shrinkage -- 3.2.8.5  Color Variance -- 3.2.8.6  Gate Marks -- 3.2.8.7  Inadequate Draft -- 3.2.8.8  Sink Marks -- 3.2.8.9  Unanticipated Use -- 3.2.8.10  Time -- 3.2.9  Product Specifications -- 3.2.9.1  Materials -- 3.2.9.2  Design Specifications -- 3.2.9.3  Performance Specifications -- 3.2.10  Design for Service Life and Service Conditions -- 3.2.11  The Hazards of Simultaneous Service Factors -- 3.2.12  Brittle Fracture-A Balancing Act of Design and Material -- 3.2.12.1  The Ductile to Brittle Transition -- 3.2.12.2  Molecular Weight (MW) and Brittle Fracture. , 3.2.13  Comparison of Plastics and Metals [15] -- 3.2.14  Crack Phenomena in Fracture -- 3.2.15  Failure by Fatigue [24-27] (see Section 7.5.3) -- 3.2.15.1  Fatigue Failure by Crack Propagation -- 3.2.15.2  Failure by Softening Due to Hysteretic Heating -- 3.2.15.3  Effect of Environment -- 3.2.16  Failure by Creep -- 3.2.16.1  Fundamentals of Creep Behavior -- 3.2.16.2  Tests to Predict Creep Behavior -- 3.2.16.3  A Case Study of Creep Failure (see Section 3.2.20, Weld Lines) -- 3.2.16.4  Creep Failure of a Thermoset Polymer -- 3.2.17  Failure by Impact (see Chapter 7, Section 7.5.5) -- 3.2.17.1  Design Effects -- 3.2.17.1.1  Case Study of a Design Failure -- 3.2.17.2  Material Effects [31] -- 3.2.17.3  Molding Effects [31] -- 3.2.17.4  Molecular Weight (MW) Effects [32] -- 3.2.17.5  Polymer Composition and Crystallinity Effects -- 3.2.18  Electrical Stress [33, 36] (see Chapter 13) -- 3.2.19  Surface Effects in Failures Related to Design -- 3.2.20  Weld Lines -- 3.2.20.1  Examples of Weld Line Failures and Effects -- 3.2.20.1.1  Case Studies of Weld Line Failures -- 3.2.21  Warpage -- 3.3  Lessons -- 3.4  References -- 4 Examples of Failure Due to Design and Material Selection -- 4.1  Introduction -- 4.2  Part or Product Design -- 4.2.1  Examples of Failure Due to Design and/or Material -- 4.2.1.1  Mold Design Problems -- 4.2.1.1.1  The Replacement New Mold that Failed [22] -- 4.2.1.1.2  Fracture of Ultrasonically Welded ABS Part Due to Mold Design Problem [27] -- 4.2.1.1.3  Fracture of Plastic Parts in Water Service Due to a Mold Problem [28] -- 4.2.1.2  Water Service Failures Not Related to a Mold Problem -- 4.2.1.2.1  Fracture of a Toilet Connector Nut at an Abrupt Wall Thickness Change [29] -- 4.2.1.2.2  How to Turn a Threaded Part Inside Out [22] -- 4.2.1.2.3  Toilet Valve Design [22] -- 4.2.1.2.4  Water Filter Design [22]. , 4.2.1.2.5  Elbow Coupling Design [22] -- 4.2.1.2.6  Plastic Failure Because of a Metal Failure [22] -- 4.2.1.3  Processing-Related Failure Due to Design -- 4.2.1.3.1  Spin Welding of a Water Filter [22] -- 4.2.1.3.2  A War-Material Process Problem [30, 31] -- 4.2.1.4  Failure Due to a Metal Component of a Part -- 4.2.1.4.1  Plastic Over Metal-The Fractured Kitchen Blender [32] -- 4.2.1.4.2  Metal Inserts (see Chapter 3, Section 3.2.13) -- 4.2.1.5  Design Based on Metal Design-Bad News [1] -- 4.2.1.6  Attachment Stresses-Fracture of Bosses Attaching Motor Housing to Lawnmower [35] -- 4.2.1.7  Failure Due to Static Load Imposed by Screws and Rivets -- 4.2.1.7.1  Cracks at Molded-In Holes -- 4.2.1.7.2  Cracks at Screw Holes Drilled into Plastic Sheet -- 4.2.1.8  Stress Concentration at a Weak Point -- 4.2.1.8.1  Weld Lines (see Chapter 3, Section 3.2.20) [38-41] -- 4.2.1.8.1.1  Fracture of ABS Syringe Needle Holder with Flats Close to Weld Lines (see Section 7.3.2.1.3, Figs. 7.5, 7.6) -- 4.2.1.8.2  Externally Applied Stress -- 4.2.1.8.2.1  Failure to Consider Occasional Impact in Design of Umbrella -- 4.2.1.8.2.2  Fracture at Gate of PP Antiperspirant Bottle Cap Located at High Stress Location Where Cap is Tightened [27] -- 4.2.1.8.2.3  Microwave Oven Door Handle Screw Located at Point of High Stress When Door is Opened -- 4.2.1.8.3  Internal Stress Due to Design -- 4.2.1.8.3.1  Poor Design and Stress Concentrations in Automobile Coolant Reservoir Tank [42] -- 4.2.1.8.3.2  Stresses in Interference Fit-Fracture of Nylon Head Harness Inside Hard Hat [43] -- 4.2.1.9  Poor Design -- 4.2.1.9.1  Multiple Modes of Failure of a Poorly Designed PS Pitcher [35] -- 4.2.1.9.2  Flexible Hinges Require Special Design-Polyethylene Soap Dish. , 4.2.1.9.3  Fracture of Pultruded E-Glass Rod Due to Retention of Atmospheric Liquid in Cuplike Design of Metal End Fitting (see Section 6.3.9, Fig. 6.19, and Section 10.5.1.2).

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-446-41684-6

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (465 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-823198-X

Inhalt: Principles and Clinical Diagnostic Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy summarizes the principles of surface-enhanced Raman scattering/spectroscopy (SERS) and plasmonic nanomaterials for SERS, with a focus on SERS applications in clinical diagnostics. This book covers the key concepts from the fundamentals, materials, experimental aspects, and applications of SERS in clinical diagnostics with discussions on label-free/direct SERS assay, design and synthesis of SERS nanotags, SERS nanotags for point-of-care diagnostics, microfluidic SERS assay, and in vitro and in vivo sensing and imaging. Written by experts from around the world, this comprehensive volume showcases the recent progress of SERS applications in clinical diagnostics and helps readers understand when and how to use SERS in a clinical setting.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Principles and Clinical Diagnostic Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 Principles of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Surface plasmon resonance -- 1.3 Optical properties of metals -- 1.4 Local field enhancement -- 1.5 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enhancement and E4 approximation -- 1.6 Choice of metals -- 1.7 The effect of size and shape on the field enhancement -- 1.8 Hot spots and various configurations for SERS -- 1.9 Estimation of the surface enhancement factor -- 1.10 Chemical mechanism -- 1.11 Spectral analysis -- 1.12 Selection of SERS substrates -- 1.13 SERS detection modes -- 1.14 Key to the success of SERS measurements -- References -- 2 Nanoplasmonic materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering -- 2.1 The role of nanoplasmonic materials in surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement -- 2.2 Metallic nanoplasmonic materials -- 2.2.1 Shape-controlled synthesis of individual nanoparticles (0D/1D) -- 2.2.1.1 Capping agent-directed shape-controlled nanoparticles -- 2.2.1.2 Postsynthetic morphological modifications -- 2.2.2 Two-dimensional platforms for electromagnetic field enhancement -- 2.2.2.1 DNA-programmable self-assembly -- 2.2.2.2 Interfacial self-assembly -- 2.2.2.3 Template-assisted self-assembly -- 2.2.3 Three-dimensional platforms for electromagnetic field enhancement -- 2.2.3.1 Multilayered 3D supercrystals -- 2.2.3.2 Template-based 3D platforms -- 2.2.3.3 Substrate-less 3D platforms -- 2.2.4 Analyte manipulation strategies -- 2.2.4.1 Modifying surface wetting properties of plasmonic surfaces -- 2.2.4.2 Metal-organic frameworks -- 2.3 Nonconventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering platforms -- 2.3.1 Bimetallic systems -- 2.3.2 Hybrid nanoplasmonic platforms -- 2.3.2.1 Shell-isolated nanoparticles. , 2.3.2.2 Graphene-based hybrid surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates -- 2.3.2.3 Semiconductor-based hybrid platforms -- 2.4 Conclusion and outlook -- References -- 3 Experimental aspects of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for biological applications -- 3.1 Combination ways of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates with the analytical systems -- 3.1.1 Colloidal metal nanoparticles -- 3.1.1.1 The combination ways of metal nanoparticles to different sized biosystems -- 3.1.1.1.1 Electrostatic interaction -- 3.1.1.1.2 Random distribution -- 3.1.1.1.3 In situ reduction of metal nanoparticles -- 3.1.1.1.4 Active/passive targeting of metal nanoparticles -- 3.1.1.2 Biocompatibility -- 3.1.1.3 Tendency of aggregation or monodisperse of metal colloids -- 3.1.1.3.1 Salt induced aggregation and activation -- 3.1.1.3.2 Aggregation driven by external factors -- 3.1.1.3.3 Monodisperse -- 3.1.2 Solid-supported metal nanostructures -- 3.1.2.1 Surface modification for metal nanostructures -- 3.1.2.2 Needle-like surface-enhanced Raman scattering microprobes -- 3.1.2.2.1 Fabrication -- 3.1.2.2.2 Excitation/collection ways -- 3.1.2.2.3 Platforms for single-cell analysis -- 3.1.2.2.4 Merits and uniqueness -- 3.1.3 Other unique surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates -- 3.1.3.1 2D surface-enhanced Raman scattering hotspot substrates for high-resolution imaging -- 3.1.3.2 3D plasmonic colloidosomes for single-cell analysis -- 3.2 Laser-related issues -- 3.2.1 Laser wavelength selection according to surface plasmon resonance -- 3.2.2 Laser wavelength and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering -- 3.2.3 Laser power setting and defocusing for avoiding photodamage -- 3.2.4 Light penetration depth for in vivo detection -- 3.3 Reproducibility and reliability -- 3.3.1 Mean spectra -- 3.3.2 Homogenization of sample. , 3.3.3 Controlled immobilization and orientation -- 3.3.4 Purification of the surface of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates -- 3.3.5 Contributions of media and reagents -- 3.3.6 Integration of surface-enhanced Raman scattering with microfluidics -- 3.3.7 Internal standard method -- 3.3.8 Reporters having bands in silent range -- 3.4 Raman data-related issues -- 3.4.1 Data processing -- 3.4.2 Chemometric sorting algorithm -- References -- 4 Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering for clinical applications -- 4.1 General aspects -- 4.1.1 Defining label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering -- 4.2 Label-free SERS and the complexity of biological samples -- 4.3 Clinical needs and analytical strategies -- 4.4 Experimental aspects -- 4.4.1 Preanalytical sample processing -- 4.4.2 SERS substrates and the nano-bio interface -- 4.4.3 Excitation wavelengths -- 4.4.4 Common artifacts and anomalous bands -- 4.5 Study design and data analysis -- 4.5.1 Sources of variability -- 4.5.2 Data structure and sample size -- 4.5.3 Data analysis: preprocessing, representation, and modeling -- 4.6 Spectral interpretation -- 4.7 Perspectives and challenges -- References -- 5 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags design and synthesis -- 5.1 SERS nanotags and its optical properties -- 5.2 Clinical application of SERS nanotags: strategies and essence -- 5.3 SERS nanotags design and synthesis -- 5.3.1 Highly bright SERS nanotags: substrate construction -- 5.3.1.1 Single gold/silver NPs -- 5.3.1.2 Gold nanoparticles rich in tips or gaps -- 5.3.1.3 Gold/silver nanoaggregates -- 5.3.2 Weak-background SERS nanotags: signal output -- 5.3.2.1 New generation of Raman reporters in "bio-silent" region -- 5.3.2.1.1 Small triple-bond containing molecules -- 5.3.2.1.2 Graphitic nano capsules -- 5.3.2.1.3 Prussian-blue and its analogs shells. , 5.3.2.2 Spectral coding on SERS nanotags -- 5.3.2.2.1 Click, mixing and combined SERS emission -- 5.3.2.2.2 Joint-encoding by fluorescence-SERS emission -- 5.3.3 Low-blinking SERS nanotags: surface coating -- 5.3.3.1 Biomolecule coating -- 5.3.3.2 Polymer coating -- 5.3.3.3 Silica coating -- 5.3.4 Multifunctional SERS nanotags: materials combination -- 5.3.4.1 Magnetic materials for separation -- 5.3.4.2 Multimodal imaging materials -- 5.3.4.3 Therapeutic materials -- 5.4 Summary and prospect -- References -- 6 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for circulating biomarkers detection in clinical diagnosis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sample preparation and detection methods -- 6.3 Circulating tumor cells -- 6.3.1 Features and current techniques for circulating tumor cells analysis -- 6.3.2 SERS strategy for CTCs analysis -- 6.3.2.1 Quantification of circulating tumor cells -- 6.3.2.2 Characterization of circulating tumor cells surface biomarkers -- 6.3.3 SERS-based assays for CTCs analysis in clinical samples -- 6.3.4 Insights on SERS-based CTCs analysis in a clinical setting -- 6.4 SERS analysis of extracellular vesicles -- 6.4.1 Biological roles and current analysis techniques of extracellular vesicles -- 6.4.2 SERS strategies for EVs detection and characterization -- 6.4.2.1 Discrimination of EVs origins -- 6.4.2.2 Profiling of EVs bio-composition -- 6.4.3 SERS-based assay for EV analysis with clinical samples -- 6.4.4 Insights on SERS-based EVs analysis with clinical setting -- 6.5 SERS analysis of circulating tumor-derived nucleic acids -- 6.5.1 Biological significance and current analysis techniques for ctNAs -- 6.5.2 SERS strategies for ctNAs analysis -- 6.5.2.1 Selectively labeling ctNA regions of interest -- 6.5.2.2 Direct readout of ctNA molecular information -- 6.5.3 ctDNA analysis by SERS -- 6.5.3.1 Mutant ctDNA detection. , 6.5.3.2 Aberrant methylated ctDNA detection -- 6.5.3.3 Other ctDNA detection -- 6.5.4 ctRNA analysis by SERS -- 6.5.4.1 ctmiRNA detection -- 6.5.4.2 Other disease-associated RNA detection -- 6.5.5 Insights into SERS-based ctNAs analysis with clinical samples -- 6.6 Tumor-associated proteins -- 6.6.1 Clinical significance and current analysis techniques of circulating proteins -- 6.6.2 SERS-based strategy for protein analysis -- 6.6.2.1 Magnetic enrichment-based immunoassay -- 6.6.2.2 Assays with unique signal-output design -- 6.6.2.3 Immunoassays on 2D arrays -- 6.6.3 Insights on SERS-based assays for disease-associated protein detection -- 6.7 Conclusions and perspectives -- References -- 7 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based microfluidic devices for in vitro diagnostics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Various surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based microfluidic devices for in vitro diagnostics -- 7.2.1 Application of paper-based microfluidics -- 7.2.2 Magnetic particle-based microfluidics -- 7.2.3 Gold-patterned microarray-embedded microfluidic platforms -- 7.2.4 Continuous-flow microfluidics -- 7.2.5 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy assays using droplet-based microfluidics -- 7.3 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8 SERS for sensing and imaging in live cells -- 8.1 Recent trends in SERS from animal cells: probe of cellular biochemistry -- 8.2 Biomolecular SERS from intracellular nanoprobes -- 8.3 Probing lipid-rich environments in pathology -- 8.4 SERS for monitoring of drug action -- 8.5 Composite SERS probes for intracellular applications with different physical functions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 iSERS microscopy: point-of-care diagnosis and tissue imaging -- 9.1 Point-of-care diagnosis -- 9.1.1 Principle of a lateral flow assay -- 9.1.2 SERS-based lateral flow assay -- 9.1.3 SERS-based multiplex lateral flow assay. , 9.1.4 Portable Raman/SERS-POC reader.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-821121-0

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (xiv, 138 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-78527-956-4 , 1-78527-955-6

Inhalt: Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is set to redefine our day-to-day activities. Many companies across the globe are engaged in doing research on the application of AI in almost each and every aspect of our life. Many companies have already integrated AI in their manufacturing, supply chain, marketing and aftersales operations, but there is a lot that needs to be done to capitalize the full potential of this technology. 〈i〉International Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence〈/i〉 is an attempt to put together the work done across various countries on adapting and integrating AI not only in organizations but also at individual and social levels.

Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 02 Mar 2022). , Cover -- Front Matter -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Contributors -- Chapters 1-14 -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 Artificial Intelligence in the United States -- References -- Chapter 3 Artificial Intelligence in Canada -- Introduction -- Canada: A Global Artificial Intelligence Hub -- Understanding Canada's Research-Led AI Model -- Building the Foundations: Creation of CIFAR -- Attracting Global Talent: The Godfathers of Artificial Intelligence -- Strengthening the Foundations: Canada's AI National Strategy-a World's First -- Modelling Canada's AI Research Ecosystem: Deep Research -- Montreal Hub -- Toronto-Waterloo Hub -- Edmonton Hub -- Developing Canada's Business-Led AI Model -- Designing Canada's AI Business Ecosystem: Scale AI SuperCluster -- Training of an AI-Driven Workforce -- Industrial Adoption of Artificial Intelligence -- Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence -- Recent Regulatory Trends -- Toward a Learning Community: CIFAR's AI & -- Society Program -- Montreal as Pioneer: Declaration for Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence -- Federal Call to Action: Directive on Automated Decision-Making -- Guiding Principles for AI Regulation -- Artificial Impact Assessments: An Ethical Solution to AI Concerns -- Legislative Backstory, Political Pressures and Canadian Governance -- G7 Multistakeholder Conference on Artificial Intelligence -- International Initiatives: GPAI and ICEMAI Explained -- Recent Developments-UNESCO World Consultation -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 4 The Mad Max Interceptor Experience in the UK: Artificial Intelligence in Mortgages -- Introduction -- The Slow and the Furious -- How Do You Find a Needle in a Haystack? -- Need for Speed: A Case Study -- The Sane Max Interceptor Model. , Explanatory Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Artificial Intelligence in Germany: Strategy and Policy-the Impact of AI on German Economy -- Introduction -- Research on AI in Germany -- German Strategy and Policy on AI -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Japan's 'Artificial-Intelligence Hospital' Project: Can It Help the Ageing Population? -- Introduction -- Japan's Ageing Society and AI in Healthcare -- Japan's Ambition for AI Hospitals -- Institutional Obstacles to the Development of AI Hospitals -- Japan's Weak Triple Helix -- Issues with the National Innovation System -- Lagging Digital Transformation -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7 Artificial Intelligence in the Middle East European Countries -- Introduction -- AI and the Visegrad Four -- General Knowledge of AI -- Factors Influencing the Use of AI -- Knowledge -- Technical Readiness -- Financial Conditions -- AI Strategies of the V4s -- Expected Effects of AI -- Innovative Businesses in the Light of AI -- Future in the Focus -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8 A Million Products for a Billion People: Artificial Intelligence in Consumer Industries in India -- Selected Use Cases in Indian Market in Consumer Industries -- Other Use Cases Gaining Popularity in Consumer Industries in India -- Improving Interaction with Retailers and End Consumers with the Help of AI -- Data-Led Strategy Adopted by Consumer Brands -- Customer Success Stories in Indian Consumer Market -- Barriers to Implementing AI in Consumer Industries -- Digilytics as a Pioneer in Revenue Growth Management -- Selected Case Studies -- AI in Other Sectors in India -- References -- Chapter 9 "All-In AI": What is Compelling Companies in China to Bet the House on Artificial Intelligence? -- Introduction -- Humble Beginnings -- Things Change Quickly -- China Speed, Scale, and Access to Data. , China-Style Innovation and the Development of AI: "Crossing the River while Feeling for Stones" -- The Rallying Effect of Government for AI Development -- AI Is a "Must-Have" -- The AI "Splinterverse"? -- Chapter 10 Artificial Intelligence Research in Russia: Recovering from the Polar Winter -- First Decades: The Soviet Era -- New Wave of AI Research in Russia -- Academia -- Industry -- National Russian Strategy in AI and Ethics of AI -- References -- Chapter 11 The Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa -- Introduction -- The Four Industrial Revolutions -- Africa in the Context of Industrial Revolutions -- Preparedness of Africa for the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- Infrastructure -- Human Capacity -- Policy -- Ongoing Progress in Africa in the Era of 4IR -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence within the Caribbean: Resuscitating the CARICOM's Single Market and Economy -- Introduction -- Introduction of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) -- CARICOM Single ICT Space -- AI within CARICOM -- Challenges of AI within the Caribbean -- Opportunities for AI within the Caribbean -- Demographic Data -- Weather/Natural Disasters -- Agriculture -- Trade -- Healthcare -- Survey Analysis and Discussion of Findings -- CARICOM's Way Forward -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Has Australia Been Late in Addressing the Artificial Intelligence Challenges? -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Findings -- Perception on AI -- Transition to AI -- Strategy Involving AI -- Government in Relation to AI -- Industry Type (Effects of AI on Industry Type) -- HR/HR Professionals -- Fear -- Frustration -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Conclusion -- Governments -- Corporations -- Executives and Entrepreneurs -- End Matter -- Index.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-78527-954-8

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Aufsatzsammlung

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781785279553/type/BOOK

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (374 pages)

Ausgabe: First edition.

ISBN: 3-031-30320-2

Serie: Principles of Specialty Nursing Series

Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Introduction to Kidney Functions and Pathophysiology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Anatomy of the Kidney -- 3 Nephron Structure and Functions -- 4 Blood Supply -- 5 Fluid Regulation -- 6 Acid Base Balance -- 7 Blood Pressure Regulation (Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System-RAAS) -- 8 Calcium Phosphate Regulation -- 9 Excretion of Waste Products -- 10 Regulation of Electrolytes -- 11 Erythropoietin Production -- 12 Drugs and the Kidney -- 13 Kidney Pathophysiology and Links to Kidney Disease -- References -- Management of Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Chronic Kidney Disease Definition -- 1.2 Chronic Kidney Disease Classification -- 1.3 Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1.4 Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1.5 Costs in Chronic Kidney Disease -- 2 Management -- 2.1 Hyperfiltration -- 2.1.1 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors (RAASi) -- Hyperkalemia -- 2.1.2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) -- 2.2 Hypertension -- 2.2.1 Therapeutic Target -- 2.2.2 Blood Pressure Measurement -- 2.2.3 Treatment of Hypertension -- 2.3 Diabetes -- 2.3.1 Diagnosis of Diabetes -- 2.3.2 Therapeutic Target -- 2.3.3 Lifestyle Recommendations for Chronic Kidney Disease Individuals and Family -- 2.3.4 Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetes -- 2.4 Dyslipidemia -- 2.4.1 Pharmacological Treatment of Dyslipidemia -- Hypercholesterolemia -- Hypertriglyceridemia -- 2.5 Obesity -- 2.5.1 Management of Obesity -- Lifestyle Recommendations in the Management of Obesity -- Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity -- Surgical Treatment in Obesity -- 2.6 Hyperuricemia -- 2.7 Acidosis -- 2.8 Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) -- 2.9 Anemia -- 2.9.1 Definition of Anemia. , 2.9.2 Recommended Periodicity for Hemoglobin Determinations -- 2.9.3 Pharmacological Treatment of Anemia -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Oral Care for Adults with CKD -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Importance of Good Oral Hygiene -- 3 Oral Health and CKD -- 4 Oral Manifestations of CKD -- 5 Oral Cavity Assessment -- 6 Toothbrushing -- 7 Denture Care -- 8 Recommended Oral Care and Advice for Oral Health Problems -- 9 Dental Checkup -- 10 Case Studies -- 10.1 Case Study A -- 10.2 Case Study B -- 10.3 Case Study C -- 10.4 Case Study D -- 11 Conclusions -- 12 Implications for Nursing Practice -- References -- Pharmacological Management of CKD -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hypertension -- 3 Proteinuria -- 4 Anemia in CKD -- 5 Cardiovascular Disease in CKD -- 6 Acute Kidney Injury in CKD -- 7 Prescribing in CKD -- 8 Self-Management Strategies and Improving Adherence in CKD -- 9 Case Vignettes -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Nutrition and Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nutritional Assessment: Anthropometry and Other Indexes -- 3 Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) -- 4 Nutritional Scores and Assessment of Dietary Intake -- 5 Laboratory Tests Used in Nutritional Assessment -- 6 Nutritional Management of People with CKD Stage 1-3 -- 7 Nutritional Management of People with CKD Stage 3-5, Before Dialysis -- 7.1 Sodium and Fluid Intake -- 7.2 Potassium Intake -- 7.3 Phosphorus -- 8 Nutritional Management of Peoples on Hemodialysis -- 8.1 Energy Intake -- 8.2 Protein Intake -- 8.3 Sodium and Fluids -- 8.4 Potassium -- 8.5 Phosphate -- 8.6 Vitamins -- 9 Nutrition for People on Peritoneal Dialysis -- 9.1 Protein Intake -- 9.2 Energy Intake -- 9.3 Sodium and Fluids -- 9.4 Potassium -- 9.5 Phosphate -- 10 Nutritional Management of People with Kidney Transplantation. , 10.1 Nutritional Approach to the Patient Preoperatively -- 10.2 Nutritional Approach to the Patient in the Acute and Chronic Postoperative Period -- 10.3 Protein and Energy -- 10.4 Sodium and Fluids -- 10.5 Potassium -- 10.6 Phosphate and Magnesium -- 10.7 Nutritional Approach in the Chronic Post-Transplant Period -- References -- Acute Kidney Injury -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition of AKI -- 3 Staging of AKI -- 4 Background and Epidemiology of AKI -- 5 Acute Kidney Disease (AKD) -- 6 Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Classifications of AKI -- 6.1 Pre-kidney AKI -- 6.2 Intrinsic AKI -- 6.3 Post-kidney AKI -- 7 Clinical Sequence of AKI -- 8 Clinical Presentation of AKI -- 9 Diagnosis of AKI -- 10 Initial Management of AKI -- 11 Ongoing Management of AKI -- 11.1 Volume Status -- 11.2 Medication Review -- 11.3 Pharmacological Management -- 11.4 Nutritional Support -- 12 Management of Complications of AKI -- 12.1 Hyperkalemia -- 12.2 Metabolic Acidosis (pH < -- 7.25) -- 12.3 Pulmonary Edema -- 12.4 Indications for Kidney Replacement Therapy -- 13 COVID-19 Associated Acute Kidney Injury (C19-AKI) -- 14 Sepsis-Associated AKI -- 15 Contrast-Induced AKI -- 16 Education for Individuals with AKI -- 17 Emotional Support for Individuals with AKI -- 18 Education for Nurses -- 19 Prevention of AKI -- 20 Conclusion -- 21 Reflective Questions -- References -- Kidney Replacement Therapies: Hemodialysis -- 1 Hemodialysis -- 1.1 Principles of Hemodialysis, Dialyzer, and the Hemodialysis Machine -- 1.2 Hemodialysis Fluid and Dialysate -- 2 Hemodialysis Modalities -- 2.1 Conventional Hemodialysis -- 2.2 Hemodiafiltration -- 2.3 Home Hemodialysis -- 2.4 Nocturnal Hemodialysis -- 3 Hemodialysis Vascular Access -- 3.1 Buttonhole Technique -- 3.2 Rope Ladder Technique -- 4 Hemodialysis Adequacy. , 5 Hemodialysis Potential Complications -- 5.1 Cardiovascular Complications -- 5.2 Neuromuscular -- 5.3 Hematological Complications -- 5.4 Pulmonary Complications -- 5.5 Technical Malfunction Complications -- 5.6 Dialysis Reaction -- 5.7 Vascular Access Complications -- 5.8 Miscellaneous Complications -- 6 Fluid Managements -- 7 Anticoagulation -- 8 Implications for Nursing Practice in HD Individuals -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Dialysis Fluid for Hemodialysis and Associated Treatments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Treatment -- 3 Dialysate Components -- 4 Bicarbonate: The Currently Most Widely Used Buffer -- 5 The Weak Acid -- 6 Sodium -- 7 Potassium -- 8 Magnesium -- 9 Calcium -- 10 Phosphate -- 11 Glucose -- 12 Conclusions -- References -- Vascular Access Management and Care: Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) -- 1 Definitions -- 2 Creation and Maturation Phase of AVF -- 3 Pre-Cannulation Care -- 4 Home Care -- 5 Main Principles to Prevent Complication and Failure -- 6 Do's -- 7 Don'ts -- References -- Vascular Access Management and Care: Arterio-Venous Grafts (AVG) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Types of AVG -- 2.1 Pre-cannulation Care -- 3 AVG Cannulation -- 4 Needle Removal and Hemostasis Care -- 5 Home Care When Having an AVG -- 6 Main Principles to Prevent Complications and Failure -- 7 Actions to Maintain a Healthy Vascular Access -- References -- Vascular Access Management and Care: CVC -- 1 Definition -- 2 Implantation Care -- 3 Connection Procedure to HD Therapy with CVC -- 3.1 Materials Needed for the Connection Procedure with CVC -- 3.2 Disconnection Procedure to HD Therapy with CVC Vascular Access -- 3.3 Materials Needed While Disconnecting from CVC -- 3.4 Step-by-Step Process When Disconnecting from HD Therapy with CVC -- 4 CVC Exit Site Care -- 4.1 Actions When Caring for the CVC Site. , 4.2 Materials Used When Caring for the CVC Site -- 4.3 Dressing Replacement in 30 Steps -- 5 CVC Exit Side Home Care -- 6 Main Principles to Prevent Complications and Failures -- 6.1 Dos and Don'ts When Having a CVC -- References -- Use of the Ultrasound in Hemodialysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Use of Ultrasound in Hemodialysis -- 3 Postsurgical AVFs Maturation Monitoring -- 4 Site Choice for Cannulations -- 5 Assessment After Extravasation -- 6 Training in the Use of US -- 7 Cannulation -- 7.1 US-Guided Cannulation -- 7.2 US-Guided Cannulation in Practice -- 8 Needle Insertion Procedure -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Kidney Replacement Therapies: Peritoneal Dialysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Anatomy, Physiology, and Solute Transportation of the Peritoneum -- 3 Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis -- 4 Catheter Care in PD -- 4.1 Introduction -- 5 PD Modalities for Adults -- 5.1 Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) -- 5.2 Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) -- 5.3 Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) -- 5.4 Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD) -- 5.5 The PD Plus Prescription -- 5.6 Tidal PD (TPD) -- 5.7 Adapted Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (Adapted APD) -- 5.8 Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis (aPD) -- 6 The Management of PD Complications -- 6.1 Abdominal Pain During Outflow or Inflow -- 6.2 Bloody PD Outflow Solution -- 6.3 Catheter Malfunction -- 6.4 Fracture of PD Catheter or Accidental Contamination -- 6.5 Fluid (PD Outflow Solution) Leakage -- 6.6 Hernia -- 6.7 Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) -- 7 Infection Complications -- 7.1 Catheter Related Infections -- 7.1.1 Exit-Site Infection (ESI) -- 7.2 Peritonitis -- 8 Education and Training for Individuals on PD [1] -- 9 Nursing Perspectives in PD -- References. , Infection Prevention and Control: The Importance of Hygiene in Dialysis Care.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-031-30319-9

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (198 pages) : , illustrations.

Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019.

ISBN: 3-030-16628-7

Serie: In Clinical Practice,

Inhalt: This book presents a selection of neurological clinical cases and tests the reader in order to allow them to gain clinical self-confidence in approaching the case, requesting tests (negotiating test with other specialties e.g. radiology) and also in referring to other specialties. The book examines a range of different clinical scenarios and neurological conditions from multiple sclerosis and degenerative disorders to epilepsy and headache. The book can serve as a teaching aid in a classroom setting, where teacher introduces the case (“telling the story”, neurological examination) and the students then propose differential diagnoses and further tests. Teacher, when suitable, shows representative test result to students and expects students to interpret scan/test, eventually concluding the case, proposing further referrals and discussing prognosis Each chapter also contains visual aids in the form of Neuroexam, helping the reader gain a quick understanding of the case. Aimed at trainee neurologists and any non-neurologists who might encounter neurological cases in the clinic, this book is useful for bedside teaching especially when there are not enough available patients on ward.

Anmerkung: Case 1 Anticoagulation and fall -- Case 2 Pain in the face -- Case 3 Dementia and something else -- Case 4 New symptoms and old illness -- Case 5 Young lady with severe arm pain -- Case 6 “Remember bingo numbers!” -- Case 7 60 year old female with new onset epilepsy -- Case 8 Tired and sleepy female -- Case 9 Disorientation, confusion I -- Case 10 Disorientation, confusion II -- Case 11 Sudden onset headache in young woman -- Case 12 First seizure -- Case 13 Elephant in the room vs. red herring -- Case 14 Gait disorder and falls -- Case 15 Tongue tied, addiction and unconsciousness -- Case 16 Right sided hemiparesis in young smoker -- Case 17 Young man with pins and needles -- Case 18 Painful and weak young man -- Case 19 Recurrent otitis media -- Case 20 Deafness and shoulder weakness -- Case 21 Young girl with the wrist drop -- Case 22 Paraesthesias in the left side of face and tongue -- Case 23 Balance/ gait problems -- Case 24 Man with numb legs and constipation -- Case 25 Man with dizziness.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-030-16627-9

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16628-1

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource

ISBN: 9781118700938 , 1118700937 , 9781118700877 , 1118700872

Inhalt: Real case studies on insurance fraud written by real fraud examiners Insurance Fraud Casebook is a one-of-a-kind collection consisting of actual cases written by fraud examiners out in the field. These cases were hand selected from hundreds of submissions and together form a comprehensive picture of the many types of insurance fraud-how they are investigated, across industries and throughout the world. Entertaining and enlightening, the cases cover every type of insurance fraud, from medical fraud to counterfeiting. Each case outlines how the fraud was engineered, ho.

Anmerkung: Includes index. , Insurance Fraud Casebook: Paying A Premium for Crime; Contents; Preface; Insurance Fraud Classification System; Chapter 1 Needles in a Paystack; A Growing Company; Another New Case on My Desk; Rolling Up Our Sleeves; Presenting the Facts for Justice; About the Author; Chapter 2 The Good Doctor and the Insurance Consultant; A Growing Company; On a Hunch; Paging Dr. Ahmet; Working Through the Pain; Indisputable Evidence; Trend Setting; About the Author; Chapter 3 Greasing the Wheels in the Oil Business; Long-Distance Call for Help; A Groundbreaking Case; Looking Outside for Suspects. , Lack of accountabilityAbout the Author; Chapter 4 Living the Dream, Keeping Up the Lie; The Family Illness; Watching and Waiting; About the Author; Chapter 5 Extinguishing an Arson Fraud; Backyard Barbecue; Expanding the Team; Good Faith Is Easily Exploited; Lazy Appraisal Work; Outcome of the Investigation; About the Author; Chapter 6 Weakest Link in the Chain; The Unexpected Meeting; The Interview; The Interrogation; The Second Interview and Interrogation; The Crime Ring Breaks; About the Author; Chapter 7 Everyone Gets Hurt: A Study in Workers' Compensation Fraud; Bundled and Bungled. , Unlikely RescuerCrash Course in Insurance; Tracking the Letters of Credit; It All Comes Together; About the Author; Chapter 8 The Hazards of Doing Business with Friends; It Started with a Single Call; Understanding the Industry; What Jack Did Not Know; It Does Not End with a Confession; Plea Deal; About the Author; Chapter 9 There's Gold in Them Thar Malls!; When It Rains, It Pours; Divide and Conquer; Just the Tip of the Iceberg; Whistleblower, Beware; Complications Begin to Mount; Delay, Delay and Delay!; Our Team Enters the Fray; An Outcome, Not a resolution; About the Author. , Chapter 10 Damsel in DiamondsViceroy Jewelers; One Thing Leads to Another; The Truth Comes Out; Solving the Paperwork Puzzle; Duty Calls; Police Involvement; About the Author; Chapter 11 Operation Give and Go; Designing a Sting; The First Deal; On a Roll; Unexpected Consequences; Successful Sting; About the Author; Chapter 12 An Inspection Is Worth a Thousand Photos; Start Your Engines; Bringing on a Navigator; Becoming Car Buffs; Seeing What's Behind the Photos; One More for the Road; About the Author; Chapter 13 The Danger of Trusting Too Much; A Single Suspicious Check. , Climbing the Fraud LadderSurprise Interview; Where Did It Go?; About the Author; Chapter 14 The Twin-Cities Machine; Running a Machine; The Team Versus the Machine; Ambulance Chasers, Runners and the Mob; Interviews; Medical Mill; Out of Sight, Not Out of Mind; The Big Picture; About the Author; Chapter 15 With Friends Like These . . .; False Alarm?; Nagging Suspicions; Mounting Dread; Now What?; Justice; About the Author; Chapter 16 All the Buzz; Partnerships in Action; Confirmed Suspicions; Lying Under Oath; Understanding the Elements; Preparing for Legal Action; Realities of the Courtroom.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Insurance fraud casebook. Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2013] ISBN 9781118617717

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Case studies. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Case studies. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Case studies.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118700990

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118700990

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118700990

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (374 pages)

Ausgabe: First edition.

ISBN: 3-031-30320-2

Serie: Principles of Specialty Nursing Series

Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Introduction to Kidney Functions and Pathophysiology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Anatomy of the Kidney -- 3 Nephron Structure and Functions -- 4 Blood Supply -- 5 Fluid Regulation -- 6 Acid Base Balance -- 7 Blood Pressure Regulation (Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System-RAAS) -- 8 Calcium Phosphate Regulation -- 9 Excretion of Waste Products -- 10 Regulation of Electrolytes -- 11 Erythropoietin Production -- 12 Drugs and the Kidney -- 13 Kidney Pathophysiology and Links to Kidney Disease -- References -- Management of Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Chronic Kidney Disease Definition -- 1.2 Chronic Kidney Disease Classification -- 1.3 Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1.4 Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1.5 Costs in Chronic Kidney Disease -- 2 Management -- 2.1 Hyperfiltration -- 2.1.1 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors (RAASi) -- Hyperkalemia -- 2.1.2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) -- 2.2 Hypertension -- 2.2.1 Therapeutic Target -- 2.2.2 Blood Pressure Measurement -- 2.2.3 Treatment of Hypertension -- 2.3 Diabetes -- 2.3.1 Diagnosis of Diabetes -- 2.3.2 Therapeutic Target -- 2.3.3 Lifestyle Recommendations for Chronic Kidney Disease Individuals and Family -- 2.3.4 Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetes -- 2.4 Dyslipidemia -- 2.4.1 Pharmacological Treatment of Dyslipidemia -- Hypercholesterolemia -- Hypertriglyceridemia -- 2.5 Obesity -- 2.5.1 Management of Obesity -- Lifestyle Recommendations in the Management of Obesity -- Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity -- Surgical Treatment in Obesity -- 2.6 Hyperuricemia -- 2.7 Acidosis -- 2.8 Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) -- 2.9 Anemia -- 2.9.1 Definition of Anemia. , 2.9.2 Recommended Periodicity for Hemoglobin Determinations -- 2.9.3 Pharmacological Treatment of Anemia -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Oral Care for Adults with CKD -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Importance of Good Oral Hygiene -- 3 Oral Health and CKD -- 4 Oral Manifestations of CKD -- 5 Oral Cavity Assessment -- 6 Toothbrushing -- 7 Denture Care -- 8 Recommended Oral Care and Advice for Oral Health Problems -- 9 Dental Checkup -- 10 Case Studies -- 10.1 Case Study A -- 10.2 Case Study B -- 10.3 Case Study C -- 10.4 Case Study D -- 11 Conclusions -- 12 Implications for Nursing Practice -- References -- Pharmacological Management of CKD -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hypertension -- 3 Proteinuria -- 4 Anemia in CKD -- 5 Cardiovascular Disease in CKD -- 6 Acute Kidney Injury in CKD -- 7 Prescribing in CKD -- 8 Self-Management Strategies and Improving Adherence in CKD -- 9 Case Vignettes -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Nutrition and Chronic Kidney Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nutritional Assessment: Anthropometry and Other Indexes -- 3 Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) -- 4 Nutritional Scores and Assessment of Dietary Intake -- 5 Laboratory Tests Used in Nutritional Assessment -- 6 Nutritional Management of People with CKD Stage 1-3 -- 7 Nutritional Management of People with CKD Stage 3-5, Before Dialysis -- 7.1 Sodium and Fluid Intake -- 7.2 Potassium Intake -- 7.3 Phosphorus -- 8 Nutritional Management of Peoples on Hemodialysis -- 8.1 Energy Intake -- 8.2 Protein Intake -- 8.3 Sodium and Fluids -- 8.4 Potassium -- 8.5 Phosphate -- 8.6 Vitamins -- 9 Nutrition for People on Peritoneal Dialysis -- 9.1 Protein Intake -- 9.2 Energy Intake -- 9.3 Sodium and Fluids -- 9.4 Potassium -- 9.5 Phosphate -- 10 Nutritional Management of People with Kidney Transplantation. , 10.1 Nutritional Approach to the Patient Preoperatively -- 10.2 Nutritional Approach to the Patient in the Acute and Chronic Postoperative Period -- 10.3 Protein and Energy -- 10.4 Sodium and Fluids -- 10.5 Potassium -- 10.6 Phosphate and Magnesium -- 10.7 Nutritional Approach in the Chronic Post-Transplant Period -- References -- Acute Kidney Injury -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition of AKI -- 3 Staging of AKI -- 4 Background and Epidemiology of AKI -- 5 Acute Kidney Disease (AKD) -- 6 Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Classifications of AKI -- 6.1 Pre-kidney AKI -- 6.2 Intrinsic AKI -- 6.3 Post-kidney AKI -- 7 Clinical Sequence of AKI -- 8 Clinical Presentation of AKI -- 9 Diagnosis of AKI -- 10 Initial Management of AKI -- 11 Ongoing Management of AKI -- 11.1 Volume Status -- 11.2 Medication Review -- 11.3 Pharmacological Management -- 11.4 Nutritional Support -- 12 Management of Complications of AKI -- 12.1 Hyperkalemia -- 12.2 Metabolic Acidosis (pH < -- 7.25) -- 12.3 Pulmonary Edema -- 12.4 Indications for Kidney Replacement Therapy -- 13 COVID-19 Associated Acute Kidney Injury (C19-AKI) -- 14 Sepsis-Associated AKI -- 15 Contrast-Induced AKI -- 16 Education for Individuals with AKI -- 17 Emotional Support for Individuals with AKI -- 18 Education for Nurses -- 19 Prevention of AKI -- 20 Conclusion -- 21 Reflective Questions -- References -- Kidney Replacement Therapies: Hemodialysis -- 1 Hemodialysis -- 1.1 Principles of Hemodialysis, Dialyzer, and the Hemodialysis Machine -- 1.2 Hemodialysis Fluid and Dialysate -- 2 Hemodialysis Modalities -- 2.1 Conventional Hemodialysis -- 2.2 Hemodiafiltration -- 2.3 Home Hemodialysis -- 2.4 Nocturnal Hemodialysis -- 3 Hemodialysis Vascular Access -- 3.1 Buttonhole Technique -- 3.2 Rope Ladder Technique -- 4 Hemodialysis Adequacy. , 5 Hemodialysis Potential Complications -- 5.1 Cardiovascular Complications -- 5.2 Neuromuscular -- 5.3 Hematological Complications -- 5.4 Pulmonary Complications -- 5.5 Technical Malfunction Complications -- 5.6 Dialysis Reaction -- 5.7 Vascular Access Complications -- 5.8 Miscellaneous Complications -- 6 Fluid Managements -- 7 Anticoagulation -- 8 Implications for Nursing Practice in HD Individuals -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Dialysis Fluid for Hemodialysis and Associated Treatments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Treatment -- 3 Dialysate Components -- 4 Bicarbonate: The Currently Most Widely Used Buffer -- 5 The Weak Acid -- 6 Sodium -- 7 Potassium -- 8 Magnesium -- 9 Calcium -- 10 Phosphate -- 11 Glucose -- 12 Conclusions -- References -- Vascular Access Management and Care: Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) -- 1 Definitions -- 2 Creation and Maturation Phase of AVF -- 3 Pre-Cannulation Care -- 4 Home Care -- 5 Main Principles to Prevent Complication and Failure -- 6 Do's -- 7 Don'ts -- References -- Vascular Access Management and Care: Arterio-Venous Grafts (AVG) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Types of AVG -- 2.1 Pre-cannulation Care -- 3 AVG Cannulation -- 4 Needle Removal and Hemostasis Care -- 5 Home Care When Having an AVG -- 6 Main Principles to Prevent Complications and Failure -- 7 Actions to Maintain a Healthy Vascular Access -- References -- Vascular Access Management and Care: CVC -- 1 Definition -- 2 Implantation Care -- 3 Connection Procedure to HD Therapy with CVC -- 3.1 Materials Needed for the Connection Procedure with CVC -- 3.2 Disconnection Procedure to HD Therapy with CVC Vascular Access -- 3.3 Materials Needed While Disconnecting from CVC -- 3.4 Step-by-Step Process When Disconnecting from HD Therapy with CVC -- 4 CVC Exit Site Care -- 4.1 Actions When Caring for the CVC Site. , 4.2 Materials Used When Caring for the CVC Site -- 4.3 Dressing Replacement in 30 Steps -- 5 CVC Exit Side Home Care -- 6 Main Principles to Prevent Complications and Failures -- 6.1 Dos and Don'ts When Having a CVC -- References -- Use of the Ultrasound in Hemodialysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Use of Ultrasound in Hemodialysis -- 3 Postsurgical AVFs Maturation Monitoring -- 4 Site Choice for Cannulations -- 5 Assessment After Extravasation -- 6 Training in the Use of US -- 7 Cannulation -- 7.1 US-Guided Cannulation -- 7.2 US-Guided Cannulation in Practice -- 8 Needle Insertion Procedure -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Kidney Replacement Therapies: Peritoneal Dialysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Anatomy, Physiology, and Solute Transportation of the Peritoneum -- 3 Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis -- 4 Catheter Care in PD -- 4.1 Introduction -- 5 PD Modalities for Adults -- 5.1 Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) -- 5.2 Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) -- 5.3 Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) -- 5.4 Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD) -- 5.5 The PD Plus Prescription -- 5.6 Tidal PD (TPD) -- 5.7 Adapted Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (Adapted APD) -- 5.8 Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis (aPD) -- 6 The Management of PD Complications -- 6.1 Abdominal Pain During Outflow or Inflow -- 6.2 Bloody PD Outflow Solution -- 6.3 Catheter Malfunction -- 6.4 Fracture of PD Catheter or Accidental Contamination -- 6.5 Fluid (PD Outflow Solution) Leakage -- 6.6 Hernia -- 6.7 Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) -- 7 Infection Complications -- 7.1 Catheter Related Infections -- 7.1.1 Exit-Site Infection (ESI) -- 7.2 Peritonitis -- 8 Education and Training for Individuals on PD [1] -- 9 Nursing Perspectives in PD -- References. , Infection Prevention and Control: The Importance of Hygiene in Dialysis Care.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 3-031-30319-9

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (207 p.)

ISBN: 981-4612-47-2

Inhalt: Organisms endowed with life show a sense of awareness, interacting with and learning from the universe in and around them. Each level of interaction involves transfer of information of various kinds, and at different levels. Each thread of information is interlinked with the other, and woven together, these constitute the universe - both the internal self and the external world - as we perceive it. They are, figuratively speaking, Nature''s longest threads. This volume reports inter-disciplinary research and views on information and its transfer at different levels of organization by reputed s

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1. Mathematics In-forms physics and physics Per-forms mathematics: comments; 1. Appendix; References; 2. An incomplete summing up of Quantum Measurements; 1. Introduction; 2. The Principle of Superposition - A Bolt from the Blue; 2.1. The demise of the individual!; 2.2. The no cloning theorem- an amazing consistency; 3. Models for Quantum Measurements (QM); 3.1. The apparatus; 3.2. Macroscopic Objects in Quantum Mechanics; 3.3. The Dirac-von Neumann model; 3.4. vN model: the pointer states; 3.5. Issues with decoherence; 4. Arthurs-Kelly Type Measurements , 5. Protective Measurements6. Weak Measurements; 7. Weak Value Measurements; 8. Work in Progress; Acknowledgment; References; 3. Predictive Information for Quantum Bio-Systems; 1. Introduction; 2. Predictive Information; 3. Predictive Information, Entropy and Quantum Correlation; 4. Conclusions; References; 4. Quantum Effects in Biological Systems; 1. Introduction; 2. Quantum Weirdness; 3. Quantum Coherence in Biology; 3.1. Quantum Entanglement and Photosynthesis; 3.2. Quantum Physics and Olfaction; 3.3. Navigating Birds and Magnetoreceptor; 4. Ion Channel and Information Propagation in Brain , 5. Decoherence Time and Quantum Coherence6. Conclusions; 7. Acknowledgement; References; 5. Instabilities in sensory processes; 1. Introduction; 2. Fluctuation-Induced Instability: A Model for Natural Chemosensors; 3. Type-I and Type-II Neuronal Oscillations; 4. Conclusions; References; 6. Active Cellular Mechanics and Information Processing in the Living Cell; 1. Introduction; 2. Cell Surface as an Active Medium; 3. Cell Surface as a Distributed System for Information Processing and Computation; 4. Conclusion; 5. Acknowledgements; References , 7. On the importance of length scales in determining the physics of biological systems1. Introduction; 2. Macromolecules and Polyelectrolyte Solutions; 3. Motion of Micro-Organisms in Fluids; 4. Microtubules and Plant Growth; 5. Concluding Remarks; References; 8. q-Deformations and the dynamics of the larch bud-moth population cycles; 1. Introduction; 2. q-deformations; 3. The Larch Bud-Moth Population Cycle; The Bud-Moth - Needle-Quality - Parasitoid Tritrophic Model; 4. A q-deformed Tritrophic Model; Linear Stability Analysis; Dynamics of the System for Various Parameter Values , 5. Conclusions6. Acknowledgement; References; 9. Newtonian chimpanzees? A molecular dynamics approach to understanding decision-making by wild chimpanzees; 1. Introduction; 2. Results; 3. Conclusions; 4. Appendix A: The Model, in Detail; 5. Appendix B: Group Analysis; Acknowledgements; References; 10. Quantum Probability - A New Direction for Modeling in Cognitive Science; 1. Introduction; 2. New Empirical Evidences; 3. Quantum Ontology and Context Dependence; 4. Concluding Remarks; References; 11. Knowledge, its hierarchy and its direction; 1. Introduction; 2. The Meaning of Life , 3. Evolution: Direction vs. Goal , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 981-4612-46-4

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: XIII, 806 p. 32 illus. , online resource.

Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2016.

ISBN: 9783662494981

Serie: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 9632

Inhalt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 25th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2016, which took place in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in April 2016, held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2016. The 29 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. Being devoted to fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems, ESOP features contributions on all aspects of programming language research; theoretical and/or practical advances. .

Anmerkung: Simulating Cities: A Software Engineering Perspective -- Regular Programming for Quantitative Properties of Data Streams -- Formalizing Single-assignment Program Verification: an Adaptationcomplete Approach -- Practical Optional Types for Clojure -- A Timed Process Algebra for Wireless Networks with an Application in Routing -- Computing with semirings and weak rig groupoids -- On Hierarchical Communication Topologies in the pi-calculus -- Modular Termination Verification for Non-blocking Concurrency -- Call-by-Push-Value from a Linear Logic point of view -- Visible Type Application -- Automatically Splitting a Two-Stage Lambda Calculus -- Probabilistic NetKAT.-Coordinated Concurrent Programming in Syndicate -- An application of computable distributions to the semantics of probabilistic programming languages -- Weakest Precondition Reasoning for Expected Run-Times of Probabilistic Programs -- Improving Floating-Point Numbers: a Lazy Approach to Adaptive Accuracy Refinement for Numerical Computations -- Needle & Knot: Binder boilerplate tied up -- On the Relative Expressiveness of Higher-Order Session Processes -- A Realizability Model for a Semantical Value Restriction -- Probabilistic functions and cryptographic oracles in higher order logic -- Extensible and Efficient Automation through Reflective Tactics -- An Algorithm Inspired by Constraint Solvers to Infer Inductive Invariants in Numeric Programs -- Functional Big-step Semantics -- Classical by-need -- Macrofication: Refactoring by Reverse Macro Expansion -- Type Error Diagnosis for Embedded DSLs by Two-Stage Specialized Type Rules -- Actor Services: Modular Verification of Message Passing Programs -- Transfinite Step-indexing: Decoupling Concrete and Logical Steps -- A Higher-Order Abstract Syntax Approach to Verified Transformations on Functional Programs -- The Expressive Power of Monotonic Parallel Composition.

In: Springer eBooks

Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783662494974

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49498-1

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49498-1

UID:

Umfang: 3 CD , 1 Beih.

Anmerkung: CD 1: I heard it through the grapevine (Marvin Gaye). Dancing in the street (Martha Reeves & The Vandellas). For once in my life (Stevie Wonder). Baby love (The Supremes). I can't help myself [Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch] (Four Tops). Needle in a haystack (The Velvelettes). Get ready (The Temptations). You can't hurry love (The Supremes). Heaven must have sent you (The Elgins). Nowhere to run (Martha Reeves & The Vandellas). Jimmy Mack (Martha Reeves & The Vandellas). This old heart of mine [Is Weak For You] (The Isley Brothers). The tears of a clown (Smokey Robinson & The Miracles). ABC (Jackson 5). It takes two (Marvin Gaye & Kim Weston). My guy (Mary Wells). Do you love me (The Contours). Do I Love You [Indeed I Do] (Frank Wilson). There's A Ghost In My House (R. Dean Taylor). Stop! In the name of love (The Supremes). Shotgun (Jr. Walker & The All Stars). Signed, sealed, delivered [I'm yours] (Stevie Wonder). I want you back (Jackson 5). Are everything (Diana Ross & Marvin Gaye You). Ain't no mountain high enough (Diana Ross) , CD 2: Papa was a Rollin' Stone (The Temptations).What's going on (Marvin Gaye). Brick house (Commodores).War (Edwin Starr).My girl(The Temptations).The tracks of my tears (Smokey Robinson & The Miracles).Endless love (Lionel Richie & Diana Ross).Easy (Commodores).Reflections (Diana Ross & The Supremes).Reach out, I'll be there (Four Tops).- Let's get it on (Marvin Gaye). What becomes of the brokenhearted (Jimmy Ruffin).Got to be there (Michael Jackson). Being with you (Smokey Robinson).I'm still waiting (Diana Ross). It's a shame (The Detroit Spinners).Love machine (The Miracles).All night long [All Night] (Lionel Richie).Love hangover (Diana Ross). Don't leave me this way (Thelma Houston) , CD 3: Nightshift (Commodores). Upside down (Diana Ross). Super freak (Rick James). Treat her like a lady (The Temptations). My destiny (Lionel Richie). Light my fire (Stevie Wonder). Everybody's talking (Four Tops). Get ready (Rare Earth). Let's do it [Let's fall in love] (Kim Weston & Marvin Gaye). I say a little prayer (Martha Reeves & The Vandellas). Wichita lineman (Smokey Robinson & The Miracles). Jumpin' Jack Flash (Thelma Houston). The first time ever I saw your face (The Temptations). Come together (The Supremes). Put a little love in your heart (David Ruffin). You've got a friend (Michael Jackson)