UID:
almahu_9949915440702882
Format:
1 online resource (180 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789264792548
Content:
Spain has a dynamic and competitive agro-food sector. However, higher productivity has not always reduced environmental pressures. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain undertakes a thorough examination of the Spanish agro-food sector.
Note:
Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Executive summary -- Recommendations for improved policy in Spain cover three main areas -- Assessment and recommendations -- Assessment of performance -- A productive, competitive, and dynamic agro-food sector in transition -- Farms are increasing in size and becoming larger commercial operations -- Spain has undertaken policy initiatives to improve the gender balance in the sector, but change has proven to be challenging -- Productivity is growing, but environmental sustainability remains a challenge to ensure the sector's future -- Innovation can play a key role in balancing productivity gains and environmental sustainability, if supported by ambitious policy strategies -- Spain should continue reducing the urban-rural digital gap to guarantee that digital technology is an engine of innovation in agriculture -- Tackling environmental pressures should be a priority with clear incentives to foster innovation for sustainability -- Water stress is a longstanding environmental concern that must be prioritized with a more comprehensive and ambitious policy approach -- The current policy focus on irrigation efficiency is not delivering enough response in terms of total water use and water quality… -- …and must better reflect the sense of urgency: A deeper change in paradigm is needed -- Subsidies and tax advantages for agriculture in Spain could potentially increase irrigation water use or be harmful for the environment -- As climate change impacts grow, adaptation and resilience require more determined policy action with a holistic approach -- Agricultural policy is evolving, but there is room for policy choices and regulations to better reflect environmental and innovation priorities.
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The change in CAP delivery through national strategic plans is an opportunity for Spain to tailor policy to national needs… -- …but continuity has prevailed in keeping income support that is not fully targeted and tends to prevent change… -- … while environmental sustainability is mainly reflected on new eco-schemes that in Spain are focused on practices related to carbon agriculture and agroecology -- Implementing and monitoring good environmental practices, changing the mindsets and inducing subsequent innovation require investments on good data… -- ...as well as ex post evaluation of policies, including of the eco-schemes and irrigation modernisation programmes… -- … and SMART regulatory approaches that foster innovation -- The potential of the innovation system to improve sustainability and resilience is very high, but needs policy ambition and a propitious enabling environment -- The Spanish agricultural innovation system needs to avoid the costs of fragmentation, with a shared national vision of the AKIS that exploits the advantages of its diversity -- Spain successfully participates in collaborative research at the EU level. A similar collaboration model could be valuable at the national level among ACs -- Data on innovation effort and performance is scarce and scattered -- Public investment in R& -- D& -- I is relatively low, and smaller companies have difficulties to access fiscal incentives -- Low education and skills among farmers are concerning. The educational system should seek to respond to the needs of the agro-food sector -- Advisory services have evolved towards private service providers often focused on administrative paperwork… -- …the government could incentivise high quality advisory services focused on innovation, digital and environmental sustainability -- Policy recommendations.
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Strengthen institutions, policies and regulations to strategically guide and support agricultural innovation -- 1. Develop an ambitious and comprehensive long-term policy strategy to make innovation the cornerstone for reconciling environmental performance and productivity growth -- 2. Target agricultural policies to specific objectives and make them work for innovation, sustainability and resilience -- 3. Embrace administrative simplification, clarity and stability of rules and regulations -- 4. Develop an agricultural data strategy as part of the innovation strategy, and improve the collection and use of data for policy design, assessment and monitoring -- Boost the agricultural innovation system and exploit its synergies to make it work for sustainability -- 5. Strengthen the AKIS and get the maximum advantage of its diversity through better co-ordination, public-private collaboration, and engaging farmers in co-creation processes -- 6. Increase public investment, create incentives for private investment, and promote a more efficient use of the funding -- 7. Reduce the remaining gaps in access to digital technologies by farmers and in rural areas and encourage the adoption of digital technologies at the farm level -- 8. Encourage independent advisory services with the capacity to respond to the environmental challenges and farmers' needs -- Tackle the urgent environmental pressures and induce innovation towards a more sustainable agriculture -- 9. Act on the serious water pressures by addressing the full extent of the problem and the responsibility of the agricultural sector -- 10. Strengthen climate change mitigation and adaptation and foster the preparedness of the agro-food sector -- 11. Align irrigation and insurance policies with the urgency to tackle water stress and adaptation to the new climate -- References.
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1 Context, drivers and outcomes -- 1.1. The Spanish agro-food sector -- 1.1.1. The role of the agro-food sector in the Spanish economy -- Half of Spain's territory is agricultural land -- the sector's contribution to value added is above the OECD average and has remained constant in the last decade -- 1.1.2. Evolution of Spain's agro-food trade -- In the last two decades, Spain has grown into an agricultural export powerhouse -- 1.1.3. Evolution of the organic farming sector -- Spain is a key producer and exporter of organic products at the EU and global level. Its domestic market, while growing, is still relatively small -- 1.1.4. Food consumption and trends -- Spanish household expenditure in food is close to the EU average, although the COVID-19 pandemic drove an increase in food purchases -- 1.2. Policy setting of the agro-food sector -- 1.2.1. Spain's decentralised system of government -- According to the Spanish Constitution, regions have considerable autonomy, but competences are often shared between administrations -- 1.2.2. Spain's new CAP Strategic Plan -- New elements of the 2023-27 CAP Strategic Plan include the consolidation of the rural development pillar in a single national plan and the definition of seven agricultural practices as voluntary eco-schemes -- 1.3. Drivers and outcomes of the agro-food sector performance -- 1.3.1. Productivity changes -- Agricultural output in Spain experienced remarkable growth in the last five decades. Growth was driven by total factor productivity increases, as the use of inputs declined. In the last decade, input use has picked up pace -- 1.3.2. Natural resources and climate change -- Spain's agricultural area grew slightly between 2009 and 2020. The area under greenhouse cover - concentrated in the Mediterranean coast and the Canary Islands - had the strongest increase.
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Spain's agricultural output and productivity have grown in the last decade, but there are worrying trends in some input use indicators -- Habitat deterioration, pressures on water resources and agricultural pollution threaten Spain's rich biodiversity. Soil degradation poses a risk for the future of agricultural activities -- Agricultural energy consumption has decreased after its 2004 peak, but the sector could still optimise its energy use -- GHG emissions are on the rise again after declining in the previous decade -- The impacts of climate change on Spanish agriculture will be numerous and uneven -- 1.3.3. Structural changes -- The Spanish agricultural sector is experiencing a transformation toward fewer farms of a larger average size -- The number of farmers is declining, and their average age is increasing -- Farm income has increased, but there are large differences depending on the farm output and activities -- 1.4. Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- Annex 1.A. Survey for the Autonomous Communities -- Part I: Innovation -- 1. Innovation: Institutions and long-term strategies -- 2. Investment in agro-food R& -- D& -- I (research, development and innovation) -- 3. Farm advisory services -- 4. Digital: Information and communications technology (ICT) -- 5. Education and skills -- 6. Statistics on agricultural R& -- D& -- I -- Part II: Environmental aspects -- 7. Environmental challenges and regulations -- 8. Environmental policies -- 9. Final remarks -- 2 Environmental sustainability -- 2.1. The Spanish policy perspective on agriculture and the environment -- 2.1.1. General environmental policies and regulations -- There is a complex set of rules and strategies for different environmental domains -- Spain was an early adopter of the concept of strategic environmental assessment.
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Autonomous communities apply their own environmental policies and regulations.
Additional Edition:
Print version: Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development,c2023 ISBN 9789264528956
Language:
English
Keywords:
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