In:
Advanced Materials, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 24 ( 2023-06)
Abstract:
In the literature, Zn–Mn aqueous batteries (ZMABs) confront abnormal capacity behavior, such as capacity fluctuation and diverse “unprecedented performances.” Because of the electrolyte additive‐induced complexes, various charge/discharge behaviors associated with different mechanisms are being reported. However, the current performance assessment remains unregulated, and only the electrode or the electrolyte is considered. The lack of a comprehensive and impartial performance evaluation protocol for ZMABs hinders forward research and commercialization. Here, a pH clue (proton‐coupled reaction) to understand different mechanisms is proposed and the capacity contribution is normalized. Then, a series of performance metrics, including rated capacity ( C r ) and electrolyte contribution ratio from Mn 2+ (CfM), are systematically discussed based on diverse energy storage mechanisms. The relationship between Mn (II) ↔ Mn (III) ↔ Mn (IV) conversion chemistry and protons consumption/production is well‐established. Finally, the concrete design concepts of a tunable H + /Zn 2+ /Mn 2+ storage system for customized application scenarios, opening the door for the next‐generation high‐safety and reliable energy storage system, are proposed.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0935-9648
,
1521-4095
DOI:
10.1002/adma.202300053
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1474949-X