In:
European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 60, No. 3 ( 2021-04), p. 1645-1654
Abstract:
To explore the association of both plasma vitamin D and K concentrations with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events in the general population. Methods We studied 4742 participants of the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-Stage Disease (PREVEND) Study. At baseline, vitamin D and K status was determined by measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP), respectively. Patients were cate gorized into: 25(OH)D 〈 50 or ≥ 50 nmol/L and dp-ucMGP 〈 361 or ≥ 361 pmol/L with 25(OH)D 〉 75 nmol/L and dp-ucMGP 〈 361 pmol/L as reference. Cause of death was coded according to International Classification of Diseases 9 & 10 codes from the 2001-2003 examination until date of death/event or censoring date (January 1st, 2017). Results Mean age was 52.6 ± 11.9 years and 2513 (53%) were female. During a median of 14.2 year follow-up, 620 participants died of which 142 were due to cardiovascular causes. Combined low vitamin D and K status was present in 970 participants (20%) and was associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to high vitamin D and high vitamin K status group ( n = 1424) after adjusting for potential confounders: hazard ratio 1.46 (95% confidence intervals 1.12–1.90). We observed similar trends, albeit non-significant for cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events: 1.42 (0.79–2.55), 1.28 (0.93–1.77), respectively. Conclusions Combined low vitamin D and K status are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk and possibly with cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events compared with adequate vitamin D and K status. Future studies should investigate the effect of combined vitamin D and K supplementation on clinical outcomes.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1436-6207
,
1436-6215
DOI:
10.1007/s00394-020-02352-8
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2021
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1463312-7
