In:
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 313, No. 5 ( 2017-11-01), p. H1000-H1012
Abstract:
Aging is associated with chronic inflammation partly mediated by increased levels of damage-associated molecular patterns, which activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Furthermore, many aging-related disorders are associated with inflammation. PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), are expressed not only in cells of the innate immune system but also in other cells, including cells of the neurovascular unit and cerebral vasculature forming the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge about the relationship between activation of PRRs expressed by cells of the neurovascular unit-blood-brain barrier, chronic inflammation, and aging-related pathologies of the brain. The most important damage-associated molecular pattern-sensing PRRs in the brain are TLR2, TLR4, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein-1 and pyrin domain-containing protein-3, which are activated during physiological and pathological aging in microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and possibly endothelial cells and pericytes.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0363-6135
,
1522-1539
DOI:
10.1152/ajpheart.00106.2017
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Physiological Society
Publication Date:
2017
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1477308-9
SSG:
12
