In:
BMC Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2013-12)
Abstract:
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP 1), the nuclear effector of the Hippo pathway, is a key regulator of organ size and a candidate human oncogene in multiple tumors. However, the expression dynamics of YAP 1 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and its clinical/prognostic significance are unclear. Methods In this study, the methods of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to investigate mRNA/ protein expression of YAP 1 in UCBs. Spearman’s rank correlation, Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the data. Results Up-regulated expression of YAP 1 mRNA and protein was observed in the majority of UCBs by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, when compared with their paired normal bladder tissues. By IHC, positive expression of YAP 1 was examined in 113/213 (53.1%) of UCBs and in 6/86 (7.0%) of normal bladder specimens tissues. Positive expression of YAP 1 was correlated with poorer differentiation, higher T classification and higher N classification ( P 〈 0.05). In univariate survival analysis, a significant association between positive expression of YAP 1 and shortened patients’ survival was found ( P 〈 0.001). In different subsets of UCB patients, YAP 1 expression was also a prognostic indicator in patients with grade 2 ( P = 0.005) or grade 3 ( P = 0.046) UCB, and in patients in pT1 ( P = 0.013), pT2-4 ( P = 0.002), pN- ( P 〈 0.001) or pT2-4/pN- ( P = 0.004) stage. Importantly, YAP 1 expression ( P = 0.003) together with pT and pN status ( P 〈 0.05) provided significant independent prognostic parameters in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our findings provide evidences that positive expression of YAP 1 in UCB may be important in the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype, and it is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of patients with UCB.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1471-2407
DOI:
10.1186/1471-2407-13-349
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2013
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2041352-X
