In:
PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 2, No. 8 ( 2022-8-31), p. e0000819-
Abstract:
Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, saving millions of lives every year. Ethiopia has seen gradual improvements in immunization coverage and access to child health care services; however, inequalities in child mortality across wealth quintiles and regions remain persistent. We model the relative distributional incidence and mortality of four vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) (rotavirus diarrhea, human papillomavirus, measles, and pneumonia) by wealth quintile and geographic region in Ethiopia. Our approach significantly extends an earlier methodology, which utilizes the population attributable fraction and differences in the prevalence of risk and prognostic factors by population subgroup to estimate the relative distribution of VPD incidence and mortality. We use a linear system of equations to estimate the joint distribution of risk and prognostic factors in population subgroups, treating each possible combination of risk or prognostic factors as computationally distinct, thereby allowing us to account for individuals with multiple risk factors. Across all modeling scenarios, our analysis found that the poor and those living in rural and primarily pastoralist or agrarian regions have a greater risk than the rich and those living in urban regions of becoming infected with or dying from a VPD. While in absolute terms all population subgroups benefit from health interventions (e.g., vaccination and treatment), current unequal levels and pro-rich gradients of vaccination and treatment-seeking patterns should be redressed so to significantly improve health equity across wealth quintiles and geographic regions in Ethiopia.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2767-3375
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.t002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.t003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.r001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.r002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgph.0000819.r003
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
3101394-6