In:
PLOS Pathogens, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2020-12-7), p. e1009092-
Abstract:
Yersinia pestis can be transmitted by fleas during the first week after an infectious blood meal, termed early-phase or mass transmission, and again after Y . pestis forms a cohesive biofilm in the flea foregut that blocks normal blood feeding. We compared the transmission efficiency and the progression of infection after transmission by Oropsylla montana fleas at both stages. Fleas were allowed to feed on mice three days after an infectious blood meal to evaluate early-phase transmission, or after they had developed complete proventricular blockage. Transmission was variable and rather inefficient by both modes, and the odds of early-phase transmission was positively associated with the number of infected fleas that fed. Disease progression in individual mice bitten by fleas infected with a bioluminescent strain of Y . pestis was tracked. An early prominent focus of infection at the intradermal flea bite site and dissemination to the draining lymph node(s) soon thereafter were common features, but unlike what has been observed in intradermal injection models, this did not invariably lead to further systemic spread and terminal disease. Several of these mice resolved the infection without progression to terminal sepsis and developed an immune response to Y . pestis , particularly those that received an intermediate number of early-phase flea bites. Furthermore, two distinct types of terminal disease were noted: the stereotypical rapid onset terminal disease within four days, or a prolonged onset preceded by an extended, fluctuating infection of the lymph nodes before eventual systemic dissemination. For both modes of transmission, bubonic plague rather than primary septicemic plague was the predominant disease outcome. The results will help to inform mathematical models of flea-borne plague dynamics used to predict the relative contribution of the two transmission modes to epizootic outbreaks that erupt periodically from the normal enzootic background state.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1553-7374
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.g007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009092.s010
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2020
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2205412-1