In:
Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-1)
Abstract:
Low nadir CD4 T-cell counts in HIV + patients are associated with high morbidity and mortality and lasting immune dysfunction, even after antiretroviral therapy (ART). The early events of immune recovery of T cells and B cells in severely lymphopenic HIV + patients have not been fully characterized. In a cohort of lymphopenic (CD4 T-cell count & lt; 100/µL) HIV + patients, we studied mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood (PB) and lymph nodes (LN) pre-ART (n = 40) and 6-8 weeks post-ART (n = 30) with evaluation of cellular immunophenotypes; histology on LN sections; functionality of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells; transcriptional and B-cell receptor profile on unfractionated LN and PB samples; and plasma biomarker measurements. A group of 19 healthy controls (HC, n = 19) was used as a comparator. T-cell and B-cell lymphopenia was present in PB pre-ART in HIV + patients. CD4:CD8 and CD4 T- and B-cell PB subsets partly normalized compared to HC post-ART as viral load decreased. Strikingly in LN, ART led to a rapid decrease in interferon signaling pathways and an increase in Tfh, germinal center and IgD - CD27 - B cells, consistent with histological findings of post-ART follicular hyperplasia. However, there was evidence of cTfh cells with decreased helper capacity and of limited B-cell receptor diversification post-ART. In conclusion, we found early signs of immune reconstitution, evidenced by a surge in LN germinal center cells, albeit limited in functionality, in HIV + patients who initiate ART late in disease.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1664-3224
DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.752782
DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.752782.s001
DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.752782.s002
Language:
Unknown
Publisher:
Frontiers Media SA
Publication Date:
2021
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2606827-8
