In:
eLife, eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, Vol. 7 ( 2018-08-22)
Kurzfassung:
As humans, we have two major types of blood cell: our red blood cells transport oxygen around the body, while our white blood cells fight disease. Both types of cell come from the same stem cells, which first appear early in embryonic development. These stem cells emerge from the walls of major blood vessels, including the aorta – which carries blood from the heart. Stem cells have not yet decided which adult cell to become. Given the right signals, blood stem cells can form red blood cells or any of the different types of white blood cell. Understanding this process could allow scientists to recreate it in the laboratory, making blood stem cells that can give rise to all blood cells found in the body. But, this is not yet possible because we do not know all the conditions needed to make the cells and ensure they survive. One crucial gap in our understanding concerns the importance of blood flow. As the main blood vessel leaving the heart, the aorta experiences mechanical stress every time the heart beats. Lancino et al. wanted to find out whether this influences the development of the blood stem cells. Zebrafish embryos are transparent, making it easy to see their bodies developing under a microscope. Like humans, they also produce both red blood cells and white blood cells meaning Lancino et al. could watch the birth of blood stem cells in these embryos from a part of the aorta called the aortic floor. A new software tool unwrapped pictures of the tube-shaped blood vessel into flat, two-dimensional maps, making it possible to see how the aorta changed over time. This revealed that, as blood stem cells leave the aortic floor, they bend and contract with the direction of the blood flow. Rings of actin and myosin proteins that formed around the stem cells as they are born helped the process along, while stopping the heartbeat changed the way the blood cells emerged. Without any blood flow, the actin proteins did not assemble properly; the stem cells also emerged in the wrong direction and some of them even died. These findings show that physical forces play a role in the formation of blood stem cells. Understanding this process brings scientists a step closer to recreating the conditions for making different kinds of blood cells outside of the body.
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
ISSN:
2050-084X
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.001
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.002
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.003
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.004
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.005
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.006
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.007
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.008
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.009
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.010
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.011
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.012
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.013
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.014
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.015
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.016
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.017
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.018
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.019
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.020
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.021
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.022
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.023
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.024
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.025
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.026
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.027
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.028
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.029
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.030
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.031
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.032
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.033
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.034
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.035
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.036
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.037
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.042
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.043
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.039
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.040
DOI:
10.7554/eLife.37355.041
Sprache:
Englisch
Verlag:
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Publikationsdatum:
2018
ZDB Id:
2687154-3