Format:
Online-Ressource (391 p)
Edition:
Online-Ausg.
ISBN:
9780805826036
Content:
Drawing together research and theory in ethology and psychology, this book offers a clear and provocative account of the ways in which living organisms learn. Throughout, the authors' focus is on the importance of operational definition. In lively prose, describing experiments in enough depth to involve readers in the drama of experimental method, they recount the history of scientists' attempts to answer basic questions, and show how one study builds on another. Although they present the major traditional positions, they demand that readers examine actual evidence, recognize weakness
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
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Cover; THE STRUCTURE OF LEARNING: From Sign Stimuli to Sign Language; Copyright; Contents; Preface; CHAPTER 1 Introduction; DISCOVERY VERSUS UNDERSTANDING; BELIEF VERSUS EVIDENCE; OPERATIONAL DEFINITION; Facial Vision; Dependent Variable; Independent Variable; Experimental Control; Introspection; Intervening Variable; Experiment Versus Correlation; Adaptive Versus Maladaptive; ETHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; Color Vision; Arbitrary and Obligatory; Obligatory Patterns; Observation and Experiment; Experimental Psychology; Ethology of the Skinner Box; PLAN OF THIS BOOK; CHAPTER 2 Classical Conditioning
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TYPICAL PROCEDURESSalivation; Leg Withdrawal; Eyeblink; Knee Jerk; BASIC TERMS; Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS); Conditioned Stimulus (CS); Orienting Response (OR); Unconditioned Response (UCR); Conditioned Response (CR); Response Measures; Acquisition; Extinction; Resistance to Extinction; Spontaneous Recovery; Habituation; Sensitization; RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED RESPONSES; Conditioned Response as a Fractional Response; Conditioned Response as a Preparatory Response; GENERALITY; Experimental Subjects; Unconditioned Responses; Conditioned Stimuli; Arbitrary Stimuli
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Ethology of Stimulus/Response CompatibilityTIME AND SEQUENCE; Interstimulus Interval (lSI); Length of the Interstimulus Interval; CONDITIONED EMOTIONAL RESPONSE; SOCIAL CONDITIONING; Imprinting; Conditioned Mobbing; Chemical Alarms; Emotional Words; SUMMARY; CHAPTER 3 Instrumental Conditioning; TYPICAL PROCEDURES; Reward; Escape; Avoidance; Punishment; BASIC TERMS; Unconditioned Stimulus; Response Measures; Response Variability; Acquisition; Extinction; Resistance to Extinction; Spontaneous Recovery; GENERALITY; MAZE LEARNING; SKINNER BOX; Schedules; Fixed Interval; Variable Interval
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Fixed RatioVariable Ratio; Maintenance Versus Conditioning; Time Schedules; DISCRIMINATION; Successive Procedure; Simultaneous Procedure; Multiple Stimuli and Responses; REINFORCEMENT AND INHIBITION VERSUS DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE; SUMMARY; CHAPTER 4 Mechanisms of Conditioning; THEORY AND EXPERIMENT; STIMULI AND RESPONSES; FOUR BASIC MECHANISMS; Common Sense; Parsimony; IMPLICATIONS; S-S CONTIGUITY; Fractional Anticipatory Response; Length of the Interstimulus Interval; Direction of the Interstimulus Interval; S-S* CONTINGENCY; S-R-S* CONTINGENCY; ROLE OF S*; Higher-Order Conditioning
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PreconditioningA Hybrid Paradigm; A Misnomer; S-R CONTIGUITY; Sign Stimuli; Action Patterns; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; Feedback Systems; Feed Forward Systems; Anticipatory Responses; Backward Conditioning; RHYTHMIC PATTERNS; Delay Conditioning; S-R SEQUENCES; Contrast With Stimulus Substitution; SUMMARY; CHAPTER 5 Reinforcement Versus Expectancy; RESPONSE CONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT; S-R-S* Contingency; Goal Gradient; Learning the Shorter Path to a Goal; Order of Elimination of Blinds; Speed-of-Locomotion Gradient; COGNITIVE EXPECTANCY; Unrewarded Trials; Free Exploration; Irrelevant Drive; SUMMARY
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CHAPTER 6 Sequence and Anticipation
Additional Edition:
9781134805143
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe The Structure of Learning : From Sign Stimuli To Sign Language
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
