Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (x, 451 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 9781108530217 , 1108530214 , 9781108534475 , 1108534473 , 9781108525862 , 1108525865

Content: Why do elephants have sturdier thigh bones than humans? Why can't ostriches fly? How do bacteria swim through fluids? With each chapter structured around relevant biological case studies and examples, this engaging, full-colour book introduces fundamental physical concepts essential in the study of biological phenomena. Optics is introduced within the context of butterfly wing colouration, electricity is explained through the propagation of nerve signals, and accelerated motion is conveniently illustrated using the example of the jumping armadillo. Other key physical concepts covered include waves, mechanical forces, thermodynamics and magnetism, and important biological techniques are also discussed within this context, such as gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy. A detailed appendix provides further discussion of the mathematical concepts utilised within the book, and numerous exercises and quizzes allow readers to test their understanding of key concepts. This book is invaluable to students aiming to improve their quantitative and analytical skills and understand the deeper nature of biological phenomena.

Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 26 Oct 2018). , Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- Preface: How to Use This Book -- 1 Physics as a Basis for Describing Biological Systems -- 1.1 Physical Effects in Biological Systems -- 1.1.1 The Coloration of Butterfly Wings -- 1.1.2 Navigation of Ants -- 1.1.3 Propagation of Nerve Signals -- 1.1.4 Bone Structure and Allometric Scaling Laws -- 1.2 Physics-Based Methods for Investigating Biological Systems -- 1.2.1 Microscopy -- 1.2.2 X-Ray Diffraction -- 1.2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- 1.2.4 Electrophoresis -- 1.2.5 Mass Spectrometry -- 1.3 Acting and Thinking Like a Physicist: How to Gain Scientific Knowledge -- 1.3.1 Making an Abstract Image of the World -- 1.3.2 Quantifying Predictions and Measurements -- 1.3.3 Models and Hypotheses -- 1.3.4 Falsification -- 1.3.5 Reproducibility -- 1.3.6 Approximations and Uncertainties -- Quiz Questions -- 2 Errors, Units, and Scaling Laws -- 2.1 Uncertainties and Error Propagation -- 2.1.1 Systematic and Statistical Uncertainties -- 2.1.2 Distribution of Statistical Uncertainties -- 2.1.3 Estimation of the True Values -- 2.1.4 Error Propagation -- 2.2 Units and Dimensional Analysis -- 2.2.1 SI Units -- 2.2.2 Dimensional Analysis -- 2.3 Scaling Laws -- 2.3.1 Flying Speeds and Masses -- 2.3.2 Bone Shape and Size -- 2.3.3 Metabolic Rates -- 2.3.4 Flightless Birds -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 3 Motions and Oscillations -- 3.1 Describing Motions: Velocity and Acceleration -- 3.2 Periodic Motions: Oscillations -- 3.3 Describing Any Oscillation in Terms of Harmonic Ones: Fourier Series -- 3.4 Motions in Two and Three Dimensions -- 3.4.1 Vectors -- 3.4.2 Differentiating the Vectors of Position and Velocity -- 3.5 A Circular Motion Is an Oscillation -- 3.6 Circular Motion as a Population-Dynamic System -- 3.7 *Nonlinear Dynamical Systems in Ecology. , 3.8 *Damped and Coupled Oscillations -- 3.8.1 Damped Oscillations -- 3.8.2 Coupled Oscillations -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 4 Resonances and Waves -- 4.1 How Resonances and Waves Determine How We Interact with the Environment -- 4.2 Forced Oscillations and Resonance -- 4.2.1 The Forced Harmonic Oscillator -- 4.2.2 *The Damped, Driven Oscillation -- 4.3 One-Dimensional and Harmonic Waves -- 4.3.1 One-Dimensional Waves -- 4.3.2 The Wave Equation for a Rope -- 4.3.3 Harmonic Waves -- 4.4 Waves Are Transporting Energy -- 4.5 The Physiology and Physics of Hearing -- 4.6 Fourier Transforms -- 4.7 The Principle of Superposition -- 4.7.1 Reflection and Transmission of Waves -- 4.7.2 Sonar -- 4.7.3 Standing Waves -- 4.7.4 Interference -- 4.8 Wave Mechanics and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle -- 4.8.1 Particles Are Also Waves -- 4.8.2 The Bohr Model of the Atom -- 4.8.3 Hydrogen Bonds -- 4.9 *The Doppler Effect -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 5 Optics, Light, and Colors -- 5.1 How Light Interacts with Matter and What We Can Learn from This -- 5.2 Refraction and Reflection -- 5.3 Interference and Diffraction -- 5.3.1 Coherence -- 5.3.2 Double-Slit Interference -- 5.3.3 Interference Patterns in Nature -- 5.3.4 More Complex Interference Patterns -- 5.3.5 X-Ray Crystallography -- 5.3.6 Diffraction -- 5.4 Polarization -- 5.4.1 Polarized Light -- 5.4.2 Polarization by Scattering, Reflection, and Refraction -- 5.4.3 Stress Birefringence -- 5.5 Geometric Optics -- 5.5.1 Light Rays -- 5.5.2 Images -- 5.5.3 Mirrors -- 5.5.4 Lenses -- 5.5.5 Optical Imaging Systems -- 5.5.6 Dispersion -- 5.5.7 Aberrations -- 5.5.8 Modern Microscopy -- 5.5.9 The Rainbow -- 5.6 Absorption, Colors, and Fluorescence -- 5.6.1 Absorption Processes -- 5.6.2 Pigments -- 5.6.3 Color Vision -- 5.6.4 Fluorescence -- 5.7 *Absorption of Radiation -- 5.7.1 Alpha and Beta Decay. , 5.7.2 Gamma Decay -- 5.7.3 Natural Radiation -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 6 Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion -- 6.1 Forces and Their Origin -- 6.1.1 Forces Are Described by Vectors -- 6.1.2 Origin of Forces in the Muscle -- 6.1.3 The Principle of Reaction -- 6.1.4 Inertia -- 6.2 Equations of Motion -- 6.2.1 General Considerations -- 6.2.2 Constant Force -- 6.2.3 Surface Forces and Friction -- 6.2.4 Viscosity and Friction in Fluids -- 6.3 Conservation of Momentum -- 6.3.1 Squids and Rockets -- 6.3.2 Collisions -- 6.4 Energy and Its Conservation -- 6.4.1 Work and Kinetic Energy -- 6.4.2 Potential Energy: Conservation of Energy in Mechanics -- 6.4.3 Collisions -- 6.4.4 Applications -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 7 Continuum Mechanics -- 7.1 Elasticity and Materials -- 7.2 Stress and Strain: Hooke's Law -- 7.2.1 Hooke's Law -- 7.2.2 Interpreting Stress-Strain Curves -- 7.2.3 *Poisson's Ratio and Compressibility -- 7.2.4 *Measuring Elastic Constants -- 7.3 Bending a Beam -- 7.4 Flowing and Shear Stress -- 7.5 Surface Tension -- 7.5.1 Adhesion and Cohesion -- 7.5.2 Laplace Pressure -- 7.5.3 Aneurisms and Collapsing Lungs -- 7.6 Fluids -- 7.6.1 The Equation of Continuity -- 7.6.2 *Bernoulli's Principle -- 7.6.3 Friction and Viscosity -- 7.7 Flow through Pipes and Blood Flow -- 7.7.1 Poiseuille Flow through a Pipe -- 7.7.2 Resistance to Flow and Kirchhoff's Laws -- 7.7.3 *Blood Flow -- 7.8 *Cells and Tissues Are Neither Liquid nor Solid: Viscoelasticity -- 7.8.1 Strange Liquids: Maxwell Materials -- 7.8.2 Strange Solids: Kelvin Materials -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 8 Heat, Temperature, and Entropy -- 8.1 How the Interplay of Many Particles Leads to the Whole Being More than the Sum of Its Parts -- 8.1.1 Irreversible Processes -- 8.1.2 Brownian Motion and the Statistics of Many Particle Systems -- 8.1.3 Temperature. , 8.2 Temperature and the Ideal Gas -- 8.2.1 Ideal Gases -- 8.2.2 Microscopic Description: Pressure -- 8.2.3 Microscopic Description: Kinetic Energy -- 8.2.4 *The Equipartition Theorem -- 8.3 Transport via Random Processes -- 8.3.1 Random Walk and the Gaussian Distribution -- 8.3.2 Diffusion in Cells and Embryos and Morphogenesis -- 8.3.3 The Size of Capillaries -- 8.3.4 The Coefficient of Diffusion and the Einstein Relation -- 8.3.5 The Boltzmann Distribution -- 8.3.6 *Heat Conduction and the Age of the Earth -- 8.4 Entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics -- 8.4.1 Work, Internal Energy and Heat -- 8.4.2 Specific Heat -- 8.4.3 Entropy -- 8.4.4 Microscopic Description: Entropy and Probability -- 8.4.5 Entropy and Information -- 8.5 *The Influence of Thermal Motion on Materials Properties -- 8.5.1 Elastic Properties of Single Molecules -- 8.5.2 Polymers -- 8.5.3 The Cytoskeleton -- 8.5.4 Packing DNA within Cells -- 8.5.5 Electrophoresis -- 8.6 *Nonequilibrium Processes -- 8.6.1 Convection -- 8.6.2 Granular Demixing and Instabilities -- 8.6.3 Pattern Formation in Living and Nonliving Systems -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 9 Electrical Charges and Currents -- 9.1 Electric Charges, Fields, and Potentials -- 9.1.1 Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law -- 9.1.2 The Electric Field -- 9.1.3 The Electrostatic Potential -- 9.1.4 Gauss' Law of Electrostatics -- 9.2 Electric Fields and Potentials of Specific Charge Distributions -- 9.2.1 The DNA Molecule: A Linear Chain -- 9.2.2 Membranes: Homogeneously Charged Planes -- 9.2.3 The Water Molecule: Electrical Dipoles -- 9.2.4 Ionic Solutions -- 9.3 Molecular Interactions and Bonds -- 9.3.1 The van der Waals Interaction -- 9.3.2 The Bohr Model Revisited -- 9.3.3 The Periodic Table of the Elements -- 9.3.4 Covalent Bonds -- 9.4 Electrical Currents -- 9.4.1 Current and Current Density -- 9.4.2 Conductivity and Resistance. , 9.4.3 Currents Flowing through Networks: Kirchhoff's Laws -- 9.4.4 Electrolytes: Ionic Transport in Fluids -- 9.5 *Propagation of Nerve Signals -- 9.5.1 Charging a Membrane -- 9.5.2 The Cable Equation -- 9.5.3 The Action Potential -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- 10 Magnetism -- 10.1 Magnetic Fields in Biology -- 10.1.1 Navigation -- 10.1.2 Spectroscopic Methods -- 10.2 Properties of Magnetic Fields -- 10.2.1 Phenomenology of Static Magnetic Fields -- 10.2.2 Ampere's Law: The Magnetic Field of a Constant Current -- 10.2.3 The Lorentz Force -- 10.3 Mass Spectrometry -- 10.4 *Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- 10.4.1 Angular Motion and Angular Momentum -- 10.4.2 Basic Principles -- 10.4.3 Spectroscopy -- 10.4.4 Imaging -- Exercises -- Quiz Questions -- Appendix A Mathematical Tools -- A.1 Functions and Their Derivatives -- A.1.1 General Considerations -- A.1.2 Linear Functions, Polynomials, and Power Laws -- A.1.3 Logarithms and Exponentials -- A.1.4 Trigonometry -- A.1.5 The Derivative -- A.1.6 Series Expansion of Functions -- A.1.7 Expansion of Functions in Periodic Oscillations -- A.2 Vectors -- A.2.1 Adding and Subtracting Vectors -- A.2.2 Representation of a Vector -- A.2.3 Differentiating Vectors -- A.2.4 Multiplying Vectors -- Appendix B Solutions to Quizzes -- References -- Index.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781108423342

Additional Edition: ISBN 1108423345

Language: English