UID:
almafu_9961294352702883
Umfang:
1 online resource (ix, 425 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
Ausgabe:
First edition.
ISBN:
9781108546911
,
1108546919
,
9781108548014
,
1108548016
,
9781107280809
,
110728080X
Serie:
Cambridge Texts in Biomedical Engineering Series
Inhalt:
This unique introductory text explains cell functions using the engineering principles of robust devices. Adopting a process-based approach to understanding cell and tissue biology, it describes the molecular and mechanical features that enable the cell to be robust in operating its various components, and explores the ways in which molecular modules respond to environmental signals to execute complex functions. The design and operation of a variety of complex functions are covered, including engineering lipid bilayers to provide fluid boundaries and mechanical controls, adjusting cell shape and forces with dynamic filament networks, and DNA packaging for information retrieval and propagation. Numerous problems, case studies and application examples help readers connect theory with practice, and solutions for instructors and videos of lectures accompany the book online. Assuming only basic mathematical knowledge, this is an invaluable resource for graduate and senior undergraduate students taking single-semester courses in cell mechanics, biophysics and cell biology.
Anmerkung:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 25 Sep 2018).
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Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- Preface and acknowledgments -- Part I Principles of Complex Functions in Robust Machines -- 1 Robust Self-replicating Machines Shaped by Evolution -- 1.1 The Cell is a Self-contained and Self-replicating Machine -- 1.2 Cell Functions have Evolved According to Darwinian Selection -- 1.3 Robustness is Strongly Favored in the Evolution of Cell Functions -- 1.3.1 Number of Proteins per Cell -- 1.3.2 Salinity and pH -- 1.3.3 Temperature -- 1.3.4 Nutrient Level -- 1.3.5 Other Environmental Factors -- 1.4 The Cell State and its Environment have an Effect on Cellular Functions -- 1.5 Eukaryotic Cells are Organized into Compartments -- 1.6 Coordination of Functions Can Yield Emergent Properties -- 1.7 Summary -- 1.8 Problems -- 1.9 References -- 1.10 Further Reading -- 2 Complex Functions of Robust Machines with Emergent Properties -- 2.1 Principles of Robust Machines with Standard Functions -- 2.2 Compartmentalization of Complex Functions (Localized and Modular) -- 2.2.1 Nucleus -- 2.2.2 Endoplasmic Reticulum -- 2.2.3 Golgi Apparatus -- 2.2.4 Mitochondria -- 2.2.5 Endosomes -- 2.2.6 Lysosomes -- 2.2.7 Peroxisomes -- 2.2.8 Non-membranous Compartments -- 2.2.8.1 Implications of Compartments for Modeling of Complex Functions -- 2.3 Compartments Communicate to Coordinate Functions for Emergent Properties -- 2.4 Complex Functions Should Not Be Overly Complex -- 2.5 Complex Functions are Largely Digital (On/Off) and Automatically Turn Off (Term Limits) -- 2.6 Term Limits (Complex Functions Automatically Turn Off) -- 2.7 Complex Functions are Cyclic in Nature -- 2.8 Backups or Variations of Important Complex Functions -- 2.9 Summary -- 2.10 Problems -- 2.11 References -- 2.12 Further Reading -- 3 Integrated Complex Functions with Dynamic Feedback.
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3.1 How to Approach a Complex Function -- 3.2 Steps in a Complex Function -- 3.3 Decision-making in Complex Functions -- 3.4 Integrated Complex Functions -- 3.4.1 Non-linear Complex Functions in Robust Integrated Systems -- 3.5 Summary -- 3.6 Problems -- 3.7 References -- 4 Cells Exhibit Multiple States, Each with Different Functions -- 4.1 The Role of Cell State or Phase in Cell Functions -- 4.2 Cell Phase versus Linked Complex Functions -- 4.3 Cell Phases in Cultured Cells -- 4.4 Protein Composition and Phase Behaviors -- 4.5 Analysis of Functions and Cell Phases -- 4.6 Definition of Cell Cycle Phases -- 4.6.1 Analysis of Mitosis -- 4.7 How Do Cells Make Important Decisions to Change Phases? -- 4.8 What Does a Cell Need to Know About the Matrix for Growth? -- 4.9 Detailed Consideration of Suspension Phase and Transition to Spreading -- 4.10 Two Different Modes of Spreading Constitute Two Different Phases -- 4.11 Contractile Spreading Enables the Cell to Sense Substrate Rigidity -- 4.11.1 Force and Adhesion Maturation -- 4.12 Regional Specialization in Cells Can Involve Phase Changes -- 4.13 Many Integrated Complex Cell Functions Involve Multiple Cell Phases -- 4.14 Summary -- 4.15 Problems -- 4.16 References -- 4.17 Further Reading -- 5 Life at Low Reynolds Number andthe Mesoscale Leads to StochasticPhenomena -- 5.1 Thermal Energy versus Momentum at Low Reynolds Number -- 5.1.1 Viscous Drag on Particles -- 5.1.2 Diffusion of Small Particles -- 5.1.2.1 Important Features of Diffusion -- 5.1.3 Root-mean-square displacement < -- .X2(n)> -- 1/2 -- 5.1.3.1 Gaussian Distribution of Diffusing Particles -- 5.1.3.2 Diffusive Transport -- 5.1.4 Practical Implications of the Diffusion Equation -- 5.2 Diffusion in Cells -- 5.2.1 Ion and Metabolite Diffusion -- 5.2.2 Protein Diffusion -- 5.2.3 Membrane Diffusion -- 5.2.4 Diffusion of Cytoskeletal Proteins.
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5.2.4.1 Non-ideal Diffusive Processes -- 5.2.4.2 Diffusion within a Corral -- 5.3 Diffusional Transport and Active Transport -- 5.3.1 Active Transport -- 5.3.2 Constraints of Diffusion -- 5.4 Summary -- 5.5 Problems -- 5.6 References -- 5.7 Further Reading -- Part II Design and Operation of Complex Functions -- 6 Engineering Lipid Bilayers to Provide Fluid Boundaries and Mechanical Controls -- 6.1 Membranes as Compartment Boundaries -- 6.2 Chemical Order of Membranes -- 6.3 Lipid Composition -- 6.4 Linking Proteins to Membranes -- 6.5 Lipid Organization - Matching of Surface Areas, Phases, Charges -- 6.6 Fusion and Fission -- 6.7 Lipid Asymmetry and the Bilayer Couple -- 6.7.1 Transport across Membranes -- 6.8 Physical Reality of Membranes -- 6.8.1 (a) Membranes are Inelastic -- 6.8.2 (b) Membranes are Fluid (Diffusion and Flow) -- 6.9 Plasma Membrane Protein Diffusion is Controlled by Cytoskeletal Corrals -- 6.10 Membrane Exchange Rates are Sufficient to Produce Lateral Inhomogeneities -- 6.11 Membrane Curvature and Protein or Metabolite Concentration -- 6.12 Concentration at Membrane Surfaces Enables More Dynamic Interactions -- 6.13 Lipid Asymmetry and Charge Effects -- 6.14 Inositol Lipids and Changes in Level of Charge -- 6.15 Flippases and the Loss of Asymmetry -- 6.16 Summary -- 6.17 Problems -- 6.18 References -- 6.19 Further Reading -- 7 Membrane Trafficking: Flow and Barriers Create Asymmetries -- 7.1 Secretory Pathway -- 7.2 Fission-Fusion Mechanisms -- 7.3 Coatamers in Vesicular Exocytic Pathway -- 7.4 Golgi Processing Involves a Series of Steps with Ordered Enzymes -- 7.5 Endocytosis is Designed to Send Back Good and Degrade Bad Proteins -- 7.6 Sorting Mechanisms -- 7.7 Physical versus Biochemical Sorting -- 7.8 Summary -- 7.9 Problems -- 7.10 References -- 7.11 Further Reading.
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8 Signaling and Cell Volume Control through Ion Transport and Volume Regulators -- 8.1 Intracellular and Extracellular Ionic Environments Differ -- 8.2 Transmembrane Gradients Store Useful Energy -- 8.3 Ion Transport by Membrane Transport Proteins -- 8.3.1 Permeability through Membrane Pores -- 8.3.2 Membrane Transport Proteins (Na+/K+ Pump, Ca2+ Pump and Na+, H+ Pump) -- 8.4 Electrochemical Gradients -- 8.5 Ion Channels Fluctuate between Closed and Open Confirmations -- 8.6 Equilibrium Potentials and Action Potentials -- 8.7 Important Aspects of Depolarization Waves -- 8.8 Muscle Cells Propagate Depolarization Waves -- 8.8.1 Broader Implications of Depolarization Waves -- 8.9 Calcium Signals can be Different -- 8.10 Resting Membrane Potential Formation and Relevant Diseases -- 8.11 Mechanosensitive (MS) Ion Channels Initiate Cell Volume Regulatory Responses -- 8.12 Cell Volume Control over Longer Timescale or in Tissue Repair via Cellular Hypertrophy -- 8.13 Summary -- 8.14 Problems -- 8.15 References -- 8.16 Further Reading -- 9 Structuring a Cell by Cytoskeletal Filaments -- 9.1 The Case for a Dynamic Cytoskeleton -- 9.2 What Are Major Cytoskeleton Functions? -- 9.3 Polymerization in Cellular Systems -- 9.4 Monomeric Filaments -- 9.5 Dimeric Filaments -- 9.6 Multimeric Filaments -- 9.7 The Consequences of Filament Polarity -- 9.8 Energetics of Polymerization and Depolymerization -- 9.9 Microtubule Dynamics (Nucleotide Hydrolysis, Polarity, Treadmilling, and Dynamic Instability) -- 9.10 Microtubules as Cytoplasmic Organizers -- 9.11 Cilia (Primary Cilia) and Flagella -- 9.12 Intermediate Filaments -- 9.13 Filament Mechanics -- 9.14 Persistence Length -- 9.15 Freely Jointed Chain -- 9.16 Consequences for Cellular Mechanics -- 9.17 Molecular Mechanics -- 9.18 Organization of the Cytoskeleton -- 9.18.1 Formin-dependent Actin Polymerization.
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9.18.2 ENA/VASP and WAVE -- 9.18.3 Arp2/3 Branching -- 9.18.4 Actin Filament Disassembly -- 9.18.5 Actin Filament Crosslinking -- 9.19 Microtubule Dynamics -- 9.19.1 Mitosis and Cytokinesis as Cytoskeletal Functions -- 9.20 Summary -- 9.21 Problems -- 9.22 References -- 9.23 Further Reading -- 10 Moving and Maintaining Functional Assemblies with Motors -- 10.1 Defining Linear Motor Systems -- 10.2 How do Motors Move? -- 10.3 AAA Family of ATPases -- 10.4 Energetics of Motor Movement -- 10.5 Motor Types -- 10.6 Processive vs. Non-processive Myosin -- 10.6.1 Non-muscle Contraction Systems -- 10.7 Kinesin -- 10.8 Dynein -- 10.9 Why Is There So Much Microtubule Motor Traffic in Cells? -- 10.10 Summary -- 10.11 Problems -- 10.12 Reference -- 10.13 Further Reading -- 11 Microenvironment Controls Life, Death, and Regeneration -- 11.1 Microenvironment in Regeneration -- 11.2 Cell-ECM Receptors and Mechanics -- 11.3 Clustering and Geometry -- 11.4 Matrix Adhesion Signaling -- 11.5 Rigidity -- 11.6 Matrix Configurations in Tissues -- 11.7 Fibrous Matrices -- 11.8 Basement Membranes -- 11.9 Cell Encompassing Matrices -- 11.9.1 3D versus 2D -- 11.10 Tissue Formation through Cell-Cell Adhesions -- 11.10.1 Conveying Mechanical Information between Cells -- 11.11 Cell-Cell Adhesions -- 11.12 Processing by Adhesions -- 11.13 The Role of Cell-Cell Adhesions in Cell Death -- 11.14 Junction Migration -- 11.15 Epithelial Wound-healing -- 11.16 Summary -- 11.17 Problems -- 11.18 References -- 11.19 Further Reading -- 12 Adjusting Cell Shape and Forces with Dynamic Filament Networks -- 12.1 Motility Processes in Isolated Cells -- 12.2 Matrix Shape can Control Cell Behavior -- 12.3 Cell Migration Mechanisms -- 12.3.1 Mesenchymal Cell Migration -- 12.4 Lamellipodial Extensions -- 12.5 Filopodial Extensions -- 12.6 Amoeboid Extensions -- 12.7 Sarcomere Contraction Units.
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12.8 Podosomes and Invadopodia.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 9781107052734
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 1107052734
Sprache:
Englisch
