Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (xxviii, 760 pages) : , illustrations

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-280-64135-5 , 9786610641352 , 0-08-045415-1

Content: Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review ever assembled on the topic. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage is developed in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone reappears when we break a leg, or even regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a tail. This book also looks at the molecules and cells that make bones and cartilages and how they differ in various parts of the body and across species.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Intro -- Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology -- Epigraph -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Part I Skeletal Tissues -- Chapter 1 Types of Skeletal Tissues -- BONE -- CARTILAGE -- DENTINE -- ENAMEL -- INTERMEDIATE TISSUES -- Cementum -- Enameloid -- Chondroid and chondroid bone -- BONE OR CARTILAGE -- NOTES -- Chapter 2 Bone -- DISCOVERY OF THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF BONE -- CELLULAR BONE -- OSTEOCYTES -- INTRAMEMBRANOUS VERSUS ENDOCHONDRAL BONE -- Embryonic origins -- Other modes -- Metabolic differences -- Morphogenetic differences -- OSTEONES -- GROWTH -- REGIONAL REMODELING -- AGEING -- Osteones over time -- ACELLULAR BONE -- Caisson disease and abnormal acellular bone in mammals -- Acellular bone in teleost fishes -- Development -- Resorption -- Repair of fractures -- Ca++ regulation -- Aspidine -- BONE IN CARTILAGINOUS FISHES (SHARKS AND RAYS) -- NOTES -- Chapter 3 Cartilage -- TYPES -- CHONDRONES -- CARTILAGE GROWTH -- CARTILAGE CANALS -- SECONDARY CENTRES OF OSSIFICATION -- ELASTIC CARTILAGE -- Elastic fibres -- The cells -- Elastic cartilage intermediates -- SHARK CARTILAGE -- Development and mineralization -- Growth -- Inhibition of vascular invasion -- LAMPREYS -- Mucocartilage -- Lamprin -- Mineralization -- HAGFISH -- NOTES -- Part II Natural Experiments -- Chapter 4 Invertebrate Cartilages -- CHONDROID, CARTILAGE OR NEITHER -- ODONTOPHORE CARTILAGE IN THE CHANNELED WHELK, BUSYCON CANALICULATUM -- BRANCHIAL (GILL BOOK) CARTILAGE IN THE HORSESHOE CRAB, LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS -- CRANIAL CARTILAGES IN SQUID, CUTTLEFISH AND OCTOPUSES -- Composition of the extracellular matrix -- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) -- Collagens -- TENTACULAR CARTILAGE IN POLYCHAETE ANNELIDS -- LOPHOPHORE CARTILAGE IN AN ARTICULATE BRACHIOPOD, TEREBRATALIA TRANSVERSA -- MINERALIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE CARTILAGES -- CARTILAGE ORIGINS. , NOTES -- Chapter 5 Intermediate Tissues -- CHONDROID AND CHONDROID BONE -- MODULATION AND INTERMEDIATE TISSUES -- CARTILAGE FROM FIBROUS TISSUE AND METAPLASIA -- METAPLASIA OF EPITHELIAL CELLS TO CHONDROBLASTS OR OSTEOBLASTS -- Chondroid -- Teleosts -- Mammals -- CHONDROID BONE -- Teleosts -- Mammals -- Chondroid bone and pharyngeal jaws -- TISSUES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN BONE AND DENTINE -- Dentine -- Cementum -- ENAMELOID: A TISSUE INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DENTINE AND ENAMEL -- NOTES -- Chapter 6 An Evolutionary Perspective -- FOSSILIZED SKELETAL TISSUES -- ALL FOUR SKELETAL TISSUES ARE ANCIENT -- EVOLUTIONARY EXPERIMENTATION -- Intermediate tissues in fossil agnatha -- DINOSAUR BONE -- DEVELOPING FOSSILS -- PROBLEMATICA -- PALAEOPATHOLOGY -- CONODONTS -- NOTES -- Part III Unusual Modes of Skeletogenesis -- Chapter 7 Horns and Ossicones -- HORNS -- DISTRIBUTION OF HORNS AS ORGANS -- Bovidae -- Rhinos -- Titanotheres -- Pronghorn antelopes -- Giraffes -- HORN AS A TISSUE -- DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF HORNS -- NOTES -- Chapter 8 Antlers -- ANTLERS -- Size and absence -- INITIATION OF ANTLER FORMATION -- Pedicle formation -- The antler bud and dermal-epidermal interactions -- HORMONAL CONTROL OF PEDICLE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH -- ANTLER REGENERATION -- The shedding cycle -- HISTOGENESIS OF ANTLERS -- White-tailed deer, American elk, European fallow and roe deer -- Rocky Mountain mule deer -- Sika deer -- HORMONES, PHOTOPERIOD AND ANTLER GROWTH -- Sika deer Photoperiod and testosterone -- Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin -- NOTES -- Chapter 9 Tendons and Sesamoids -- TENDONS AND SKELETOGENESIS -- Fibrocartilage in tendons -- Rodent Achilles tendons -- Ossification of avian tendons -- Formation and composition of tendon fibrocartilages -- Condensation -- Scleraxis -- Composition -- SESAMOIDS -- Amphibians -- Reptiles -- Birds -- Teleosts -- NOTES. , Part IV Stem Cells -- Chapter 10 Embryonic Stem Cells -- STEM CELLS -- SET-ASIDE CELLS -- STEM CELLS FOR PERIOSTEAL OSTEOGENESIS IN LONG BONES -- MODULATION OF SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND DIFFERENTIATIVE PATHWAYS OF CELL POPULATIONS -- Fibroblast-chondroblast modulation -- Modulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis -- MODULATION OF SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND DIFFERENTIATIVE PATHWAYS IN SINGLE CELLS -- Degradative activity -- NOTES -- Chapter 11 Stem Cells in Adults -- FIBROBLAST COLONY-FORMING CELLS -- OSTEOGENIC PRECURSOR CELLS -- Clonal analysis -- Lineages of cells -- Dexamethasone -- EPITHELIAL INDUCTION OF ECTOPIC BONE -- Epithelial cell lines -- NOTES -- Part V Skeletogenic Cells -- Chapter 12 Osteo- and Chondroprogenitor Cells -- IDENTIFYING OSTEO- AND CHONDROPROGENITOR CELLS -- Execrable terminology -- Features -- Cell cycle dynamics -- BIPOTENTIAL PROGENITOR CELLS FOR OSTEOGENESIS AND CHONDROGENESIS -- Bipotential cell populations or bipotential cells? -- Uncovering bipotentiality -- Discovering bipotentiality -- Biochemical and metabolic markers -- Collagen types -- The tumor suppressor gene p53 -- CONDYLAR CARTILAGE ON THE CONDYLAR PROCESS OF THE MAMMALIAN DENTARY -- Histodifferentiation and scurvy -- One or two cell populations -- Evidence against bipotentiality -- Evidence supporting bipotentiality -- All or some? -- SECONDARY CARTILAGE ON AVIAN MEMBRANE BONES -- NOTES -- Chapter 13 Dedifferentiation Provides Progenitor Cells for Jaws and Long Bones -- CONDYLAR CARTILAGE OF THE MAMMALIAN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT -- The temporomandibular joint -- Hypertrophic chondrocytes survive -- Hypertrophic chondrocytes transform to osteoprogenitor cells -- MECKEL'S CARTILAGE -- Mammalian Meckel's -- Prx-1, Prx-2 -- Alx-3 -- Ptx-1 -- DEDIFFERENTIATION DURING ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION -- Rodent ribs -- Mice -- Rats -- Appendicular long bones -- Enzyme activity. , Evidence from 3 H-thymidine-labeling and other approaches -- Murine interpubic joints -- NOTES -- Chapter 14 Dedifferentiation and Urodele Amphibian Limb Regeneration -- DEDIFFERENTIATION -- Morphological dedifferentiation -- Functional dedifferentiation -- Hyaluronan -- BLASTEMA FORMATION -- Aneurogenic limbs -- More than one cell fate -- MYOBLAST AND CHONDROBLAST FATES -- FACTORS CONTROLLING DEDIFFERENTIATION -- Innervation -- Aneurogenic limbs -- Proliferation -- Not the stump -- Electrical signals? -- Hox genes -- FgfR-1 and FgfR-2 -- Radical fringe -- WHY CAN'T FROGS REGENERATE? -- Augmenting regeneration -- FINGERTIPS OF MICE, MONKEYS AND MEN -- Comparison with urodele limb regeneration -- NOTES -- Chapter 15 Cells to Make and Cells to Break -- CLASTS AND BLASTS -- RESORPTION -- COUPLING BONE RESORPTION TO BONE FORMATION -- COUPLING OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS -- SOME MOLECULAR PLAYERS -- WHEN COUPLING GOES AWRY -- TRAP-STAINING FOR OSTEOCLASTS -- Mammalian osteoclasts -- Teleost osteoclasts -- NITRIC OXIDE - IT'S A GAS -- PROGENITOR CELLS FOR OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS -- Japanese quail-domestic fowl chimaeras -- OSTEOPETROSIS AND OSTEOCLAST ORIGINS -- OSTEOCLAST-PHAGOCYTE-MACROPHAGE OR OSTEOCLAST-MONOCYTE LINEAGES? -- Phagocyte/macrophage origin -- Interleukins -- IL-1 -- Osteogenesis -- Chondrogenesis -- IL-6 -- IL-10 -- Evidence against monocytes -- Evidence for monocytes -- CHONDROCLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS -- SYNOVIAL CELLS -- NOTES -- Part VI Embryonic Origins -- Chapter 16 Skeletal Origins: Somitic Mesoderm -- SOMITIC MESODERM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE VERTEBRAE -- PARAXIAL MESODERM → SOMITES -- SCLEROTOME FORMATION AND MIGRATION -- RESEGMENTATION -- SOMITIC CONTRIBUTION TO LIMB BUDS -- Formation of muscle -- Innervation and myogenesis -- Signals to initiate a limb bud -- A COMMENT ON PECTORAL GIRDLES -- THE CLAVICLE: EVEN MORE SURPRISING. , Humans -- Other mammals -- Mammals that lack clavicles -- Birds -- Wishbone or clavicles -- NOTES -- Chapter 17 Skeletal Origins: Neural Crest -- DIFFERENT MESENCHYMES, SAME TISSUES -- NEURAL CREST AS A SOURCE OF SKELETAL CELLS -- EVIDENCE OF SKELETOGENIC POTENTIAL -- Ablation and transplantation experiments -- Marker experiments -- 3H-thymidine -- Xenopus laevis-Xenopus borealis chimaeras -- Quail-chick chimaeras -- Genetic markers for murine neural crest -- Information from mutants -- REGIONALIZATION OF THE CRANIAL NEURAL CREST -- THE VENTRAL NEURAL TUBE -- MIGRATION OF NCC: THE ROLE OF THE ECM -- NOTES -- Chapter 18 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions -- URODELE AMPHIBIANS: CHONDROGENESIS -- AVIAN MANDIBULAR SKELETON: CHONDROGENESIS AND OSTEOGENESIS -- Isolated mesenchyme - chondrogenesis -- Isolated mesenchyme - osteogenesis -- Ruling out any role for Meckel's cartilage -- Molecular mechanisms -- OSTEOGENESIS IN AVIAN MAXILLARY ARCH SKELETON -- MAMMALIAN MANDIBULAR SKELETON -- Endothelin-1 (Et-1) -- The Dlx gene family and craniofacial development -- TELEOST MANDIBULAR ARCH SKELETON -- Fgf -- Hoxd-4 and retinoic acid -- Limb development -- Craniofacial development -- Fish -- Endothelin-1 (Et-1) -- Mutants -- LATERAL LINE, NEUROMASTS AND DERMAL BONE -- Hope from a single trout -- TERATOMAS -- Germ-layer combinations -- MESENCHYME SIGNALS TO EPITHELIUM -- SPECIFICITY OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL INTERACTIONS -- NOTES -- Part VII Getting Started -- Chapter 19 The Membranous Skeleton: Condensations -- THE MEMBRANOUS SKELETON -- CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS (ch) -- CHARACTERIZING CONDENSATIONS -- HOW CONDENSATIONS ARISE -- Altered mitotic activity -- Changing cell density -- Aggregation and/or failure to disperse -- Limb buds and limb regeneration -- Molecular control -- ESTABLISHING BOUNDARIES -- Syndecan and tenascin -- Fgfs -- Wnt-7a -- NOTES. , Chapter 20 From Condensation to Differentiation. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-319060-6

Language: English