Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (520 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 0-323-98414-2

Content: This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests. The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids. This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic.

Note: Front Cover -- Insect Pests of Potato -- Insect Pests of Potato: Global Perspectives on Biology and Management -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- I - Potato as an important staple crop -- 1 - Potatoes and their pests: setting the stage -- 1.1 History and present status -- 1.2 Potatoes and human civilization -- 1.3 Insect pests -- 1.4 Meeting the challenge -- References -- 2 - Growing potatoes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Geographic distribution -- 2.3 Climate requirements -- 2.4 Soil requirements -- 2.5 Soil reaction (pH) -- 2.6 Major inputs: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and organic matter -- 2.7 Irrigation requirements -- 2.8 Seed planting depth, spacing, and hilling -- 2.9 Time to maturity -- 2.10 Types of cultivars -- 2.11 Remote sensing -- References -- 3 - Economic considerations in potato production -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Economics of seed pricing and production -- 3.2.1 Pricing -- 3.2.2 Seed production -- 3.3 Frozen processed potatoes -- 3.3.1 Market structure -- 3.3.2 Frozen processed contract negotiations and complications -- 3.3.3 Frozen processed contract parameters -- 3.4 Potato chips -- 3.5 Fresh potatoes -- 3.5.1 Market structure -- 3.5.2 Grading and packing -- 3.5.3 Bargaining associations in the fresh potato industry -- 3.6 Storage economics -- 3.6.1 Fixed costs -- 3.6.2 Storage variable costs -- 3.6.3 Understanding shrinkage -- 3.6.4 Other storage variable costs -- 3.6.5 Monthly break-even points -- 3.7 US potato consumption trends -- 3.8 Potato demand -- 3.8.1 Population size and distribution -- 3.8.2 Consumer income -- 3.8.3 Other goods -- 3.8.3.1 Substitutes -- 3.8.3.2 Complements -- 3.8.4 Consumer tastes and preferences -- 3.9 Global trends and future prospects for potato demand in developing countries -- References -- II - Biology of major pests -- 4 - Colorado potato beetle. , 4.1 Taxonomy and morphological description -- 4.2 Origins and history of spread -- 4.3 Genetic variability -- 4.4 Pest status and yield loss -- 4.5 Seasonal life cycle and diapause -- 4.6 Interactions with host plants -- 4.7 Reproduction and individual development -- 4.8 Movement and dispersal -- 4.9 Management implications -- References -- 5 - Aphids -- 5.1 Basic biology -- 5.1.1 Taxonomy -- 5.1.2 Morphology -- 5.1.3 Life cycles -- 5.1.4 Diversity of aphids affecting potato -- 5.1.5 Population growth and regulation -- 5.1.6 Movement and dispersal -- 5.2 Interactions with host plants -- 5.2.1 Host finding, recognition, and acceptance -- 5.2.2 Phloem feeding -- 5.2.3 Overcoming plant defenses -- 5.2.4 Social facilitation -- 5.3 Virus transmission -- 5.4 Management approaches -- 5.4.1 Monitoring aphid populations -- 5.4.2 Aphid control versus virus control -- 5.4.3 Manipulation of crop borders -- 5.4.4 Mineral oils -- 5.5 Summary and future directions -- References -- 6 - Psyllids -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) -- 6.2.1 Identification -- 6.2.2 Geographic distribution -- 6.2.3 Biology and ecology -- 6.2.3.1 Host range -- 6.2.3.2 Haplotypes -- 6.2.3.3 Lifecycle and reproductive biology -- 6.2.3.4 Phenology -- 6.2.4 Damage -- 6.2.4.1 Psyllid yellows -- 6.2.4.2 Zebra chip disease -- 6.2.4.2.1 Symptoms -- 6.2.4.2.2 Liberibacter, the putative causal agent of ZC -- 6.2.4.2.3 Lso haplotypes -- 6.2.4.2.4 Geographic distribution -- 6.2.4.2.5 Epidemiology -- 6.2.4.2.6 Economic impact -- 6.2.5 Management -- 6.2.5.1 Monitoring -- 6.2.5.2 Insecticides -- 6.2.5.3 Cultural and physical control -- 6.2.5.4 Biological control -- 6.2.5.5 Host plant resistance -- 6.3 Other psyllids -- 6.3.1 Bactericera nigricornis -- 6.3.2 Russelliana solanicola -- 6.3.3 Acizzia spp. -- 6.4 Final remarks -- References -- 7 - Wireworms as pests of potato. , 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Elaterid biology -- 7.2.1 Wireworm diversity -- 7.2.2 Identification -- 7.2.2.1 Identifications based on larval morphology -- 7.2.2.2 Molecular approaches -- 7.2.2.3 Pheromone-based approaches -- 7.3 Species of economic importance in the holarctic -- 7.3.1 Pacific Northwest, Montana, California -- 7.3.2 Midwestern USA -- 7.3.3 Mid-Atlantic, Central Eastern USA -- 7.3.4 Southeastern USA -- 7.3.5 Northeastern USA -- 7.3.6 Canada, Alaska -- 7.3.7 Russia and Eastern Europe -- 7.3.8 Western and Central Europe -- 7.3.9 Asia -- 7.4 Differences within economic species -- 7.4.1 Mating, oviposition, and larval development -- 7.4.2 Larval activity -- 7.4.3 Preferences in soil type and soil moisture content -- 7.4.4 Feeding preferences -- 7.5 Wireworms and the potato crop -- 7.6 Sampling -- 7.6.1 Wireworm sampling and risk assessment -- 7.6.1.1 Absolute sampling methods -- 7.6.1.2 Relative sampling methods -- 7.6.1.3 Absolute versus relative sampling -- 7.6.1.4 Timing of sampling in potato fields -- 7.6.1.5 Habitat and risk to potatoes -- 7.6.2 Click beetle sampling -- 7.6.2.1 Pheromone traps -- 7.6.2.2 In-field click beetle monitoring -- 7.6.2.3 Field headland click beetle monitoring -- 7.6.2.4 Other click beetle trapping systems -- 7.7 Wireworm control -- 7.7.1 Cultural methods -- 7.7.1.1 Crop avoidance and rotation -- 7.7.1.2 Cultivation -- 7.7.1.3 Soil amendments -- 7.7.1.4 Potato varietal tolerance -- 7.7.1.5 Early harvest -- 7.7.2 Chemical methods -- 7.7.2.1 Wireworm controls -- 7.7.2.2 Organochlorines -- 7.7.2.3 Organophosphates and carbamates -- 7.7.2.4 Neonicotinoids -- 7.7.2.5 Synthetic pyrethroids -- 7.7.2.6 Phenylpyrazols -- 7.7.2.7 Diamides -- 7.7.2.8 Meta diamides -- 7.7.2.9 Insecticide combinations -- 7.7.2.10 Click beetle controls -- 7.7.3 Biological controls -- 7.7.3.1 Predators -- 7.7.3.2 Microbial pathogens. , 7.7.3.3 Nematodes -- 7.7.4 Semiochemical controls -- 7.8 Conclusions -- References -- 8 - Potato tuberworm∗ -- 8.1 Taxonomy of P. operculella and other "tuberworms" -- 8.2 Phthorimaea operculella distribution around the world -- 8.2.1 America -- 8.2.2 Asia and Australasia -- 8.2.3 Europe -- 8.3 Host range -- 8.4 Life cycle -- 8.4.1 Adults -- 8.4.2 Eggs -- 8.4.3 Larvae -- 8.4.4 Pupae -- 8.5 Life table -- 8.6 Damage in the field -- 8.7 Damage from field to storage -- 8.8 Developmental thresholds and temperatures -- 8.9 Monitoring Phthorimaea operculella -- 8.9.1 Pheromones -- 8.9.2 Trapping -- 8.10 Integrated pest management of P. operculella -- 8.10.1 Cultural control -- 8.10.1.1 Elimination of volunteer potatoes and cull piles -- 8.10.1.2 Rolling potatoes -- 8.10.1.3 Vine killing -- 8.10.1.4 Soil moisture -- 8.10.2 Biological control -- 8.10.2.1 Parasitoids -- 8.10.2.2 Predators -- 8.10.2.3 Nematodes -- 8.10.2.4 Pathogens -- 8.10.3 Chemical control -- 8.10.4 Control in storage -- 8.10.5 Plant resistance -- 8.11 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 - Hemipterans, other than aphids and psyllids affecting potatoes worldwide -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Leafhoppers -- 9.2.1 Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper) -- 9.2.1.1 Biology and ecology -- 9.2.1.2 Damage and pest status -- 9.2.1.3 Pest management -- 9.2.2 Empoasca decipiens (green leafhopper) -- 9.2.2.1 Biology and ecology -- 9.2.2.2 Damage and pest status -- 9.2.2.3 Pest management -- 9.2.3 Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper) -- 9.2.3.1 Biology and ecology -- 9.2.3.2 Damage and pest status -- 9.2.3.3 Pest management -- 9.2.4 Macrosteles quadrilineatus (aster leafhopper) -- 9.2.4.1 Biology and ecology -- 9.2.4.2 Damage and pest status -- 9.2.4.3 Pest management -- 9.3 Planthoppers -- 9.3.1 Hyalesthes obsoletus -- 9.3.2 Reptalus panzeri and R. quinquecostatus -- 9.4 True bugs. , 9.4.1 Lygaeidae (seed bugs) -- 9.4.2 Pentatomidae (stinkbugs) -- 9.4.3 Miridae (plant bugs) -- 9.4.4 Lygus hesperus and L. elisus -- 9.4.4.1 Biology and ecology -- 9.4.4.2 Damage and pest status -- 9.4.4.3 Pest management -- 9.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Potato ladybirds -- 10.1 Underappreciated defoliator -- 10.2 Morphology -- 10.3 Geographic distribution, host range, and taxonomy -- 10.4 Damage -- 10.5 Biology -- 10.5.1 Life cycle -- 10.5.2 Interactions with host plants -- 10.5.3 Abiotic effects -- 10.5.4 Natural enemies -- 10.6 Management -- 10.6.1 Chemical control -- 10.6.2 Biological control -- 10.6.3 Host plant resistance -- 10.6.4 Other methods -- 10.7 Conclusions and future directions -- References -- III - Management approaches -- 11 - Chemical control -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Early history of chemical control in potatoes -- 11.3 The pesticide treadmill -- 11.3.1 Chlorinated hydrocarbons -- 11.3.2 Organophosphates and carbamates -- 11.3.3 Pyrethroids -- 11.3.4 Neonicotinoids -- 11.4 A plethora of chemical control options still available in the 21st century -- 11.4.1 Diamides -- 11.4.2 Cryolite -- 11.4.3 Avermectins -- 11.4.4 Novaluron -- 11.4.5 Cyromazine -- 11.4.6 Indoxacarb -- 11.4.7 Metaflumizone -- 11.4.8 Tolfenpyrad -- 11.4.9 Spinosyns -- 11.5 Insecticide options for organic potatoes -- 11.5.1 Pyrethrins -- 11.5.2 Azadirachtin -- 11.5.3 Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis (Bt) -- 11.6 Chemical control of hemipteran pests -- 11.6.1 Pymetrozine -- 11.6.2 Flonicamid -- 11.6.3 Spirotetramat -- 11.7 Chemical control of wireworms -- 11.8 Chemical control of potato tuberworm -- 11.9 Final thoughts -- References -- 12 - Insecticidal RNA interference (RNAi) for control of potato pests -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Parameters affecting insecticidal activity of dsRNA -- 12.3 Delivery of dsRNA to potato pests. , 12.4 Safety of insecticidal dsRNA.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-821237-3

Language: English