Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (480 pages) : , illustrations

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-804036-X , 0-12-804084-X

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- The Neurobiology of Brain and Behavioral Development -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I General Perspectives in Brain Development -- 1 Brain Development -- Abbreviations -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Cells of the Brain -- 1.2.1 Neural cells -- 1.2.2 Glial cells -- 1.2.2.1 Macroglia -- 1.2.2.2 Microglia -- 1.3 Phases of Brain Development -- 1.4 Constructing the Human Brain -- 1.4.1 Construction of the brain: embryonic development (conception to week 8) -- 1.4.2 Construction of the brain: fetal development (week 9 to birth) -- 1.4.3 Construction of the brain: postnatal development -- 1.5 Brain Systems Construction and Emerging Behavior -- 1.6 The Genetic Blueprint for Brain Construction -- 1.7 Epigenetic Edits to the Blueprint for Brain Construction -- 1.7.1 Altering brain construction with environmental cues -- 1.7.2 Environmental cues: lessons learned from animals models -- 1.8 Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 2 Perspectives on Behavioral Development -- 2.1 Historical Perspectives on Behavioral Development -- 2.1.1 The innate-learned dichotomy -- 2.1.2 Tinbergen's ethology -- 2.1.3 Conditioned learning theories -- 2.2 Contemporary Perspectives on Behavioral Development -- 2.2.1 Gene-environment interaction -- 2.2.2 Gottlieb's probabilistic epigenesis -- 2.2.3 Hogan's behavior mechanism -- 2.3 The Importance of Attachment -- 2.3.1 Attachment in humans -- 2.3.2 Attachment in animals -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 3 Overview of Factors Influencing Brain Development -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Epigenetics and Brain Development -- 3.3 Sensory Experiences Affecting Brain Development -- 3.3.1 Effects of sensory deprivation on brain development -- 3.3.2 Effects of sensory "enrichment" on brain development -- 3.3.3 Effects of tactile stimulation on brain development. , 3.3.4 Early multilingual experiences -- 3.3.5 Early musical experiences -- 3.3.6 Effect of early stress -- 3.3.7 Effect of psychoactive drugs -- 3.3.8 Effect of parent-infant and peer relationships -- 3.3.9 Effect of diet -- 3.3.10 Effect of poverty -- 3.3.11 Effect of brain injury -- 3.4 Internal Experiences Affecting Brain Development -- 3.4.1 Role of the microbiome -- 3.4.2 Role of the immune system -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 4 The Role of Animal Models in Developmental Brain Research -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Rise of Comparative Neurobiology -- 4.3 Research in Neurosciences -- 4.4 Development of the Central Nervous System -- 4.5 The Mixing of Genes and Environment in Development -- 4.6 Aberrant Brain Development -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Molecular Perspectives in Brain Development -- 5 Stem Cells to Function -- 5.1 History of Neurogenesis -- 5.2 Adult Neural Stem Cells-Definition, Origin, & -- Location -- 5.3 The NSC Continuum-From Embryonic Development to Adulthood -- 5.4 Adult Neural Stem Cells-The SE Niche -- 5.4.1 Cellular composition -- 5.5 Defining the lineage -- 5.5.1 Primitive NSCs -- 5.5.2 Quiescent versus active B1 cells -- 5.6 Olfactory bulb neurogenesis -- 5.6.1 Migration of cells to the OB -- 5.6.2 Survival of cells in the RMS/OB -- 5.6.3 Differentiation of cells in OB -- 5.6.3.1 Wiring newborn neurons into the preexisting circuitry -- 5.6.4 Regional and temporal specification of OB neurons -- 5.7 Function of OB neurogenesis under physiological conditions -- 5.7.1 Olfaction related behaviors -- 5.7.1.1 Odor discrimination and memory -- 5.7.1.2 Odor associative learning/fear conditioning -- 5.7.2 Reproductive, maternal, and social behaviors -- 5.7.3 Nonneurogenic functions of neural precursor cells -- 5.8 The response of SE-derived neural precursor cells after injury. , 5.8.1 SE regeneration following NPC ablation -- 5.8.2 Increased SE neurogenesis after acute injury -- 5.8.2.1 Neurogenesis in the striatum -- 5.8.2.2 Neurogenesis in the cortex -- 5.8.3 SE-derived neurogenesis in response to (chronic) neurodegeneration -- 5.9 The role of SE-derived cells after injury -- 5.9.1 Trophic support -- 5.9.2 Glia -- 5.10 Future directions -- 5.10.1 Mobilizing endogenous neural stem cells for repair -- 5.10.2 Reprograming cells to an earlier NSC like state -- 5.11 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 Critical Periods in Cortical Development -- 6.1 Critical Periods in Early Brain Development -- 6.2 The Amblyopia Model -- 6.3 Reorganizing Connections -- 6.4 Mechanisms Controlling Critical Periods -- 6.5 Molecular Constraints on Critical Period Plasticity -- 6.6 Environmental Reactivation of Critical Periods in Adulthood -- 6.7 Reactivating Plasticity to Enhance Functional Recovery -- 6.8 Generalizing Beyond Amblyopia -- 6.9 The Future -- References -- Further Reading -- 7 Epigenetics and Genetics of Development -- Abbreviations -- 7.1 Foreword -- 7.2 Introduction to Genetics -- 7.3 Introduction to Epigenetics -- 7.3.1 What is epigenetics? -- 7.3.2 DNA modifications -- 7.3.2.1 DNA methylation -- 7.3.2.2 Non-CpG DNA methylation -- 7.3.2.3 DNA hydroxymethylation -- 7.3.3 Regulation of chromatin structure -- 7.3.3.1 Histone modifications -- 7.3.3.2 Histone variants -- 7.3.3.3 Chromatin remodeling complexes -- 7.3.4 Noncoding RNA -- 7.3.4.1 Short noncoding RNA -- 7.3.4.2 Long noncoding RNA -- 7.3.4.3 Additional noncoding RNA classes and RNA modifications -- 7.4 Gene-Environment Interactions -- 7.5 Major Epigenetic Events During Development -- 7.5.1 Imprinting -- 7.5.2 X-inactivation -- 7.6 Preconception Epigenetics -- 7.6.1 Spermatozoa -- 7.6.2 Oocytes -- 7.6.3 Trans and intergenerational inheritance -- 7.7 Prenatal Development. , 7.7.1 Periconceptional development -- 7.7.2 Embryonic development and neurogenesis -- 7.8 Developmental Vulnerability Throughout the Lifetime -- 7.8.1 Prenatal environments -- 7.8.2 Childhood -- 7.8.3 Puberty -- 7.8.4 Later life manifestation of early life environments -- 7.8.5 Aging -- 7.9 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Behavior -- 8 Visual Systems -- 8.1 Retinal Limitations -- 8.2 Limitations of the Primary Visual Cortex -- 8.3 Limitations beyond the Primary Visual Cortex -- 8.4 Dorsal Stream Limitations: Example of Global Motion -- 8.5 Ventral Stream Limitations: Example of Global Form -- 8.6 Dorsal Stream Vulnerability -- 8.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9 The Development of the Motor System -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Development of Human Walking -- 9.2.1 Birth to 6-Months of Age -- 9.2.2 Six to Twelve Months of Age -- 9.3 Development of Reaching: The First 12 Months of Life -- 9.3.1 Birth to Six Months of Age -- 9.3.1.1 Reaching and grasping the self -- 9.3.1.2 Reaching and grasping distal targets -- 9.3.1.3 Sensory guidance -- 9.3.1.4 Summary -- 9.3.2 Six to Twelve Months of Age -- 9.3.2.1 Reach-to-grasp -- 9.3.2.2 Oral exploration and eating -- 9.3.2.3 Kinematics -- 9.3.2.4 Sensory guidance -- 9.3.2.5 Handedness -- 9.3.2.6 Summary -- 9.4 Interactions Between the Development of Motor and Cognitive Abilities -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 10 Neural Foundations of Cognition and Language -- 10.1 A Precis to Brain Development -- 10.2 Connecting Brain and Behavior -- 10.2.1 The general value of developmental neuroscience -- 10.2.2 Developmental neuroscience methods -- 10.3 Cognition -- 10.3.1 Face processing -- 10.3.2 Memory development -- 10.3.3 Theory of mind -- 10.4 Language -- 10.4.1 Phonology -- 10.4.2 Morphology and syntax -- 10.4.3 Word learning (lexical development) -- 10.5 Conclusion. , 10.5.1 Timing, experience, and individual differences -- 10.5.2 Thoughts for the future -- References -- Further Reading -- 11 Toward an Understanding of the Neural Basis of Executive Function Development -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Cool Executive Function -- 11.2.1 Working memory -- 11.2.2 Inhibitory control -- 11.2.2.1 Cognitive flexibility -- 11.3 Hot Executive Function -- 11.4 Neurodevelopmental Theories of Executive Function -- 11.5 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Further Reading -- 12 Rough-and-Tumble Play and the Development of the Social Brain: What Do We Know, How Do We Know It, and What Do We Need t... -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The RTP of Rats and Its Lessons -- 12.3 Limitation 1: How Do We Know that RTP is the Critical Social Experience? -- 12.4 Limitation 2: Are All Rats the Same? -- 12.5 Limitation 3: Are All Measurements of Play Equally Informative? -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Part IV Factors Influencing Development -- 13 Brain Plasticity and Experience -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Assumptions and Biases -- 13.2.1 Behavioral states, including mind states, correspond to brain states -- 13.2.2 The structural properties of the brain are important in understanding its function -- 13.2.3 Plasticity is a property of the synapse -- 13.2.4 Behavioral plasticity results from the summation of plasticity of many neurons -- 13.2.5 Overall brain plasticity increases as the number of neurons increases -- 13.2.6 Experience-dependent changes in the brain tend to be focal -- 13.2.7 Experience-dependent changes interact -- 13.2.8 There are critical periods for some forms of plasticity -- 13.3 Types of Brain Plasticity -- 13.3.1 Experience-independent plasticity -- 13.3.2 Experience-expectant plasticity -- 13.3.3 Experience-dependent plasticity -- 13.3.4 Plasticity in the adolescent brain. , 13.4 Measuring Brain Plasticity.

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books.

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