Format:
1 online resource (436 pages)
ISBN:
9780128131947
Note:
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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Front Cover -- Soils and Landscape Restoration -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Soils are fundamental to landscape restoration -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Policy context -- 1.3 Nature of soils -- 1.4 Scale and complexity -- 1.5 Importance of soil for ecosystem services -- 1.6 Restoration objectives -- 1.6.1 Recovery of function -- 1.6.2 Setting objectives -- 1.6.3 What to avoid -- 1.6.4 What to preserve -- 1.6.5 What to add -- 1.6.6 What to remove (or reduce) -- 1.7 Historic examples of large-scale restoration -- 1.7.1 Passive restoration: land clearing and abandonment/recovery in Northeast and Puerto Rico, the United States -- 1.7.2 Active restoration in Southeastern United States, Denmark, and South Korea -- 1.8 Soils and climate change -- 1.9 Final thoughts -- References -- 2 Soil ecology and restoration science -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Soil ecology -- 2.3 Soil ecology and ecosystem restoration -- 2.3.1 Soil physical properties -- 2.3.2 Soil chemical properties -- 2.3.3 Soil biological properties -- 2.3.3.1 Soil microbial ecology in restorations -- 2.3.3.1.1 Whole microbial community -- 2.3.3.1.2 Mycorrhizae -- 2.3.3.2 Soil faunal ecology in restoration -- 2.3.3.2.1 Microinvertebrates/mesofauna -- 2.3.3.2.2 Macroinvertebrates (ecosystem engineers) -- 2.3.3.2.3 Vertebrates -- 2.4 Restorative ecological processes in soil -- 2.4.1 Primary productivity -- 2.4.2 Decomposition -- 2.4.3 Bioturbation -- 2.4.4 Soil formation (pedogenesis) -- 2.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 3 Sustaining forest soil quality and productivity -- 3.1 Soil health for sustainable forest management -- 3.1.1 Important factors for soil sustainability -- 3.2 Soil organic matter -- 3.2.1 Loss of soil organic matter during management -- 3.3 Soil nutrients -- 3.4 Forest fertilization -- 3.5 Soil compaction
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3.6 Management impacts on soil properties -- 3.6.1 Harvest operations -- 3.6.1.1 Precommercial thinning -- 3.6.1.2 Salvage logging -- 3.6.1.3 Tethered logging -- 3.7 Harvest operations considerations -- 3.8 Postharvest site preparation -- 3.8.1 Residue management -- 3.8.1.1 Mechanical site preparation -- 3.8.1.2 Pile burning -- 3.9 Drainage and bedding -- 3.10 Herbicide applications -- 3.11 Site preparation, bedding, and herbicide considerations -- 3.12 Soil sustainability monitoring -- 3.12.1 Descriptive soil quality measures versus functional approaches -- 3.12.2 Soil functional integrity -- 3.12.3 Ecosystem stability as measured by soil indicators -- 3.13 Soil monitoring considerations -- 3.14 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Sustainable management of grassland soils -- 4.1 Overview of grassland soils -- 4.2 Threats to grassland soils and management challenges -- 4.3 Keys to sustainable management of grassland soils -- 4.4 Contemporary research highlights -- 4.5 Synthesis and priorities for future research -- References -- 5 Landscape degradation and restoration -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The landscape perspective -- 5.3 What is degradation? -- 5.3.1 Extent of degradation -- 5.3.2 Land use change -- 5.3.3 Erosion -- 5.3.4 Decline in soil organic carbon -- 5.3.5 Sensitive soils -- 5.3.6 Contamination -- 5.3.7 Biodiversity loss -- 5.3.8 Desertification -- 5.4 Restoration -- 5.4.1 Land degradation neutrality -- 5.4.2 Forest landscape restoration -- 5.4.3 Restoration and recovery techniques -- References -- 6 Soil recovery and reclamation of mined lands -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overburden properties -- 6.3 Overburden preparation and technosoil construction -- 6.3.1 Overburden deposition -- 6.3.2 Overburden grading (smooth or rough surface) -- 6.3.3 Topsoil and other soil layer applications -- 6.4 Soil and ecosystem development -- 6.4.1 Biodiversity
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6.4.2 Primary production -- 6.4.3 Soil organic matter storage and improvement of other soil properties -- 6.4.4 Plant, soil biota, and soil interactions -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Salinity and the reclamation of salinized lands -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Global distribution of salinity -- 7.3 Measurement of salinity and impacts on plant growth -- 7.4 Causes of soil salinity -- 7.5 Managing salinized landscapes: Stabilization or reclamation? -- 7.5.1 Engineering approaches -- 7.5.2 Plant-based approaches -- 7.5.2.1 Managing vegetation on naturally saline land -- 7.5.2.2 Treating salinized soils -- 7.5.2.3 Changing landscape-scale water balances -- 7.5.3 Policy and legislative approaches -- 7.6 Summary and conclusion -- References -- 8 Biochar amendments show potential for restoration of degraded, contaminated, and infertile soils in agricultural and fore... -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 Production and characterization of biochar -- 8.2.1 Industrial production -- 8.2.1.1 Pyrolysis -- 8.2.1.2 Activated biochar -- 8.2.2 Pyrogenic C formation by wildfire and prescribed burn -- 8.3 Prescribed and applied uses of biochar in the environment -- 8.3.1 Forest soils -- 8.3.1.1 Tree growth and forest restoration -- 8.3.1.2 Slash and waste management -- 8.3.2 Agricultural production systems -- 8.3.2.1 Yields -- 8.3.2.2 Soil health -- 8.3.2.3 Environmental externalities -- 8.3.3 Contaminated soils -- 8.4 Potential drawbacks of biochar application -- 8.5 Review and future directions -- References -- 9 Bioremediation and soils -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Selection of appropriate plant materials -- 9.2.1 Functional groups -- 9.2.2 Selection criteria and testing -- 9.2.3 Traditional breeding and selection approaches -- 9.3 Soil factors important for designing remediation systems -- 9.4 Applications and experiences
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9.4.1 Grasslands as a mechanism for phytoremediation of excessive soil phosphorus to reverse eutrophication and improve wat... -- 9.4.2 Forest creation in the city: Testing an anthropogenic forest succession strategy -- 9.4.3 Riparian buffer systems to reduce agrichemical transport from agroecosystems -- 9.4.4 Using phytoremediation to enhance ecosystem services of landfills -- 9.4.5 Surface mine reclamation -- 9.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Adaptive management of landscapes for climate change: how soils influence the assisted migration of plants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Types of assisted migration -- 10.2 The interplay between soils and other factors in assisted migration -- 10.2.1 Abiotic factors -- 10.2.2 Biotic factors -- 10.2.2.1 Establishment -- 10.2.2.2 Tree growth and the importance of mycorrhizae -- 10.2.2.3 Vulnerability of mycorrhizae versus site and soil characteristics -- 10.2.2.4 Other vulnerabilities of soil biota -- 10.3 Assisted population migration and soils -- 10.3.1 Risks -- 10.3.2 Mycorrhizae -- 10.4 Assisted range expansion and long-range assisted migration and soils -- 10.4.1 Risks -- 10.4.2 Abiotic and biotic factors -- 10.4.3 Mycorrhizae -- 10.5 Conclusions and future research needs -- References -- 11 Soils and restoration of forested landscapes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Unstable, erosive soils -- 11.3 Inadequate water -- 11.4 Excess moisture -- 11.5 Low organic matter content -- 11.6 Loss of soil structure -- 11.7 Compaction -- 11.8 Poor nutrient supply -- 11.9 Excessive nutrient supply -- 11.10 Soil acidification -- 11.11 Salinity -- 11.12 Vertisols -- 11.13 Impoverished soil biota -- 11.13.1 Mycorrhizal fungi -- 11.13.2 Soil fauna -- References -- 12 Restoring fire to forests: Contrasting the effects on soils of prescribed fire and wildfire -- 12.1 Introduction
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12.1.1 Fire-evolved ecosystems -- 12.1.2 Fire classification -- 12.1.3 Prescribed fire -- 12.1.4 Wildfire -- 12.2 Fire effects -- 12.2.1 Combustion -- 12.2.2 Soil heating -- 12.2.3 Severity -- 12.2.4 Water repellency -- 12.2.5 Effect of water repellency on post-fire erosion -- 12.2.6 Climate -- 12.2.7 The fire nexus -- 12.3 Trends -- 12.3.1 Prescribed fire use -- 12.3.2 Fire size and severity -- 12.4 Desertification -- 12.5 Summary and conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 13 Converting agricultural lands into heathlands: the relevance of soil processes -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Soil chemistry -- 13.3 Vegetation -- 13.4 Soil microbial communities -- 13.5 Soil faunal communities -- 13.6 Effects of alternative restoration strategies -- 13.7 The Noordenveld experiment -- References -- 14 Socioecological soil restoration in urban cultural landscapes -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 What is urban soil restoration and is it possible? -- 14.3 Causes and consequences of urban soil degradation -- 14.4 Decompacting and adding organic matter -- 14.5 Remediating pollution -- 14.6 Manufacturing soils and greening roofs -- 14.7 Working with biota as restoration partners and foes -- 14.8 Urban soil patches in cultural landscapes -- 14.9 The future of urban soil restoration -- 14.9.1 Research -- 14.9.2 Practice -- 14.9.3 Education -- 14.9.4 Final thoughts -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Index -- Back Cover
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Stanturf, John A. Soils and Landscape Restoration San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2020 ISBN 9780128131930
Language:
English
Subjects:
Geography
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Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science
Keywords:
Melioration
;
Rekultivierung
;
Aufsatzsammlung
