Umfang:
1 Online-Ressource (485 Seiten)
ISBN:
9783030812539
Anmerkung:
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
,
Intro -- Acknowledgment -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The GlobalArctic Project -- What Is the GlobalArctic? -- Structure of the Book and Summary of the Chapters -- Evolving Images and Perceptions -- Geography, Environment, and Climate -- Economics and Geopolitics -- Governance -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Evolving Images and Perceptions -- Chapter 2: Indigenous Peoples of the Circumpolar North -- Baseline of Indigeneity: The Peopling of the Arctic -- Recent History -- Self-Identification, Recognition by Arctic States, and Demography -- Pillars of Identities -- Relationship with the Natural Environment -- Language -- Spirituality, Values and Indigenous Knowledge -- Arts, Handicrafts, Sports, and Games -- Some Current Challenges -- Health -- Education and Gender Imbalance -- (Un)Employment and Poverty -- Environment, Renewable Resources, Food Security -- Climate and Environmental Change -- Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Arctic Cities-Pioneers of Industrialization: More than "Mining Towns" -- Introduction -- The Beginning of Industrialization: In Pursuit of Gold -- Iron and Other Ores Create New City-Islands in the Arctic -- Sweden: Kiruna, a Place of an "Ore Rush" -- The Murmansk Railway Opens the Way to the Development of the Kola Ores -- Norilsk: Nickel, Copper, and "Black Gold" -- Cities on the "Caravan Routes" -- Vegetable Gardens and Scientific Bases -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Arctic as a New Strategic Region in the Soviet Union in the 1920s-1930s and Transformation of the Arctic Science -- Introduction -- Terminology: "Arctic", "North", "Polar Countries", or "Zapolyarye"? -- Pre-revolutionary and Soviet Research of the Arctic: Continuity and Novelties -- 1920s: Scientific Community as the Engine of the Arctic Idea
,
The First Arctic Research Institutions -- Northern Scientific-Commercial Expedition, Institute for the Study of the North, All-union Arctic Institute -- Floating Marine Research Institute, State Oceanographic Institute -- Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition, Northern Hydrographic Expedition -- Cooperation, Competition, and Coordination Challenges in the Arctic Science -- Late 1920s: Sovnarkom Arctic Commission and the First Attempts to Centralize Arctic Science -- Centralization of the Soviet Arctic Science in 1932-1941 -- Centralization and Efficiency? -- Dark Side of the Party Intervention and Arctic Explorers' Repressions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Norway in the Cold War - A Contemporary Case for Today -- Introduction -- Existing Explanations, and a New One -- Decision to Join North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1946-1949 -- Containment and the Emerging Bipolar World (1950-1959) -- Militarization and Security Dilemma in the High North (1960-1979) -- US and NATO Naval Strategies and Consequences for Norway in the High North (1980-1990) -- The Cold War: A Contemporary Case for Today -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: The Post-Cold War Arctic -- Introduction -- Visions for, and Triggers Ensuing Significant Geopolitical Changes in, the Arctic -- Characteristics of Post-Cold War Arctic Geopolitics: Main Trends and Dynamics -- Reinterpreting Geopolitics and Security by Broadening the Scope -- Common Interests of the Arctic States and Special Features of the Arctic Geopolitics -- Gorbachev's Vision Vis-à-Vis Current State/Today's Vision -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Arctic as the Last Frontier: Tourism -- Introduction -- Facts and Figures on Arctic Tourism Development -- Arctic Transport Infrastructure -- Tourism Resources of the Arctic -- Arctic Allures -- An Emerging Research Agenda -- Challenges of Sustainability
,
Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: A Primary Node of the Global Economy: China and the Arctic -- Introduction -- China's Primary Node Vision and Functional Economic Regions -- Political Aims of the Primary Node Vision -- China-Arctic Functional Economic Region -- Natural Resources -- Seaborne Goods -- Technology, Knowledge, and Data -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Geography, Environment, and Climate -- Chapter 9: Climate Effects of Other Pollutants - Short-Lived Climate Forcers and the Arctic -- Introduction -- Where Do They Come from? Emissions and Sources of SLCFs -- Are the Emission Trends Visible in Concentrations of SLCFs in the Arctic? -- What Does the "Climate" Stand for in Short-Lived Climate Forcers? -- SLCF in the Arctic Context - Climate and Health Impacts -- Policy Landscape of SLCF Mitigation - An Arctic Perspective -- SLCF Policy Efforts by the Arctic Council -- Can the Arctic Countries Achieve the Vision and the Black Carbon Goal? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Permafrost Climate Feedbacks -- Introduction -- Background -- Subdividing the Permafrost Zone -- Why Do Permafrost Regions Contain So Much Carbon and Nitrogen? -- Permafrost and Climate Response -- Greenhouse gases Ruled by Redox Conditions, Microbial Communities, and Substrate -- How Is Climate Changing in the Permafrost Zone? -- How Are These Changes Affecting Permafrost Climate Feedbacks? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Impacts of Global Warming on Arctic Biota -- Introduction -- Sea-Ice Retreat and Its Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences on Wildlife -- Loss of Multi-Year Ice Threatens Native Ice-Associated Communities -- Loss of a Productive Habitat at the Ice Edge -- Alteration of the Coastal Sea-Ice and Consequences for Land Organisms -- Effects of Boreal Invasion on Arctic Species -- Replacement Species of Lower Quality
,
Arctic Specialists Outcompeted by Boreal Generalists -- Tundra Ecosystem Altered from Changes in Vegetation Productivity and Availability -- Arctic Vegetation Greening or Browning? -- Ecosystem Consequences of Winter Warm Spells -- Spatial Variation as a Key to Maintaining Tundra Biodiversity -- Conclusion and Future Outlooks -- References -- Chapter 12: Pollution and Monitoring in the Arctic -- Introduction -- Background -- Materials and Methods -- Pollution in the Arctic -- Microplastic -- Persistent Organic Pollutants -- Human Biological Monitoring -- Stakeholders of the Environmental Monitoring in the Arctic -- Access to Monitoring Data -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Economics and Geopolitics -- Chapter 13: The Quest for the Ultimate Resources: Oil, Gas, and Coal -- Introduction -- Analytical Framework -- Policy Considerations -- Technologies -- Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) -- Brief History -- Country-by-Country Analysis -- Canada -- Denmark/Greenland -- Iceland -- Norway -- Russia -- United States -- Conclusions and Future Outlook -- References -- Chapter 14: Arctic Fisheries in a Changing Climate -- Introduction -- Arctic Marine Ecosystems and Their Fishery Resources -- Physical Setting and Biological Dynamics -- Fish Communities in the Arctic -- Climate Change Impacts on Arctic Marine Environments -- Fisheries Research and Management for a Sustainable Arctic -- Changing Fisheries in Arctic Shelf Regions -- Fisheries Monitoring and Research in the Central Arctic Ocean -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Infrastructure Projects in the Global Arctic -- Introduction -- Features and Drivers of Infrastructure Megaprojects in the Arctic -- Technology and Arctic Infrastructure Megaprojects -- Modern Features of Arctic Infrastructure Megaprojects: Globalization, Climate Change, and Attraction to the Sea
,
General Types and Special Cases of Arctic Infrastructure Megaprojects -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: New Arctic Seaways and the Role of China in Regime Formation -- Introduction -- China's Participation in Arctic Seaways Development -- The North-East Passage -- The North-West Passage (NWP) -- The Central Passage (CP) -- China's Capacity to Influence the Arctic Regime -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: Sustainable Development of the Arctic? -- Introduction -- From Earth System Dynamics to Arctic Tipping Points -- Earth System Dynamics -- "Development Was the Problem, Not the Solution" -- Arctic Tipping Points -- The "Arctic Paradox" -- The World's Hunger for Resources -- What Does the Warming Arctic Have in Store? -- Sustainable Development of the Arctic? -- Actors of Arctic Development -- Human Development of the Arctic? -- Conclusion: Why "Sustainable Development of the Arctic" Still Matters -- References -- Part IV: Governance -- Chapter 18: Between Resource Frontier and Self-Determination: Colonial and Postcolonial Developments in the Arctic -- Introduction -- The Arctic by Region -- Siberia -- Russian America/Alaska -- Canada -- Greenland -- Sápmi - The Land of the Sámi (or, Northern Fennoscandia and Northwest Russia) -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 19: Understanding Cold War Trust-Building Between Norway and the Soviet Union. Norwegian-Russian Relations - A History of Peaceful Coexistence -- Introduction -- Current Outlook -- Historical Background of Norway-Russia Relations -- Pomor Trade -- The Second World War -- Cold War Trust-Building -- Culture Agreement -- Science Cooperation and Fisheries Management -- Barents Sea Boundary Delimitation and a Moratorium on Hydrocarbon Extraction -- Self-Imposed Military Restrictions -- Trust in Norway-Soviet Union Relations -- Trust-Building and Costly Signaling
,
A Departure from Cold War Trust
Weitere Ausg.:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Finger, Matthias Global Arctic Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 ISBN 9783030812522
Sprache:
Englisch
Fachgebiete:
Geographie
Schlagwort(e):
Arktis
;
Anthropogeografie
;
Aufsatzsammlung
