Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (486 pages)

ISBN: 3-031-14545-3

Note: Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- 1 Fission Cross Sections -- 1.1 General Observations -- 1.1.1 Historical Notes -- 1.1.2 Some Terminology: Fissile, Fissionable, and Fertile -- 1.1.3 Low-Energy Fission Cross Sections -- 1.1.3.1 Resolved Neutron Resonances -- 1.1.3.2 The (n,γf) Reaction -- 1.1.3.3 The Unresolved Resonance Region -- 1.1.3.4 Resonance Features on a Grosser Scale -- 1.1.4 Multi-Chance Fission at Higher Excitation Energies -- 1.1.5 Other Entrance Channels -- 1.1.6 Fission Product Angular Distributions -- 1.1.7 Shape Isomers -- 1.2 Experimental Setups and Data -- 1.2.1 How to Measure Fission Cross Sections -- 1.2.2 Detectors for Cross Section Measurements -- 1.2.2.1 Ionization Chambers -- 1.2.2.2 Time Projection Chambers -- 1.2.2.3 Normalization Techniques -- 1.2.3 Fission Cross Section Data -- 1.2.4 Fission Fragment Angular Distribution Data -- 1.2.5 Direct vs. Transfer (Surrogate) Fission Reactions -- 1.3 Theoretical Interpretation -- 1.3.1 Compound Nucleus Reaction Cross Section Theory -- 1.3.1.1 The Compound Nucleus and Related Models -- 1.3.1.2 Neutron Transmission Coefficients -- 1.3.1.3 Level Density -- 1.3.1.4 Radiative Capture -- 1.3.2 The Fission Decay Mode and Transmission Coefficient -- 1.3.3 R-Matrix Theory Incorporating Fission -- 1.3.4 Shell Effects in the Fission Process -- 1.3.4.1 Phenomena Not Explained by the Simple Liquid Drop Model -- 1.3.4.2 Shell Correction Theory -- 1.3.4.3 Class-I and Class-II Compound States and their Coupling -- 1.3.4.4 Observations and Analysis of Narrow Intermediate Resonances -- 1.3.4.5 Effect of Statistical Properties of Resonances on Average Cross Sections -- 1.3.4.6 Properties of Transition States in the Double-humped Fission Barrier -- 1.3.4.7 Barrier Penetrability -- 1.3.4.8 Model Calculations of Fission Cross Sections. , 1.3.4.9 The (n,γf) Reaction -- 1.3.5 Angular Distributions of Fission Products -- 1.3.6 More Complex Fission Barriers -- 1.3.7 Summary of Barrier Properties -- 1.4 Evaluations -- 1.4.1 Fission Paths and Fission Barriers -- 1.4.2 Transition States -- 1.4.3 Transmission Coefficients -- 1.4.4 Multi-Chance Fission -- 1.4.5 Evaluated Fission Cross Sections -- References -- 2 Fission Fragments and Fission Products -- 2.1 General Observations -- 2.1.1 Basic Definitions -- 2.1.2 Experimental Data -- 2.1.2.1 Kinetic Properties of Fission Fragments -- 2.1.2.2 Fission Fragment Mass Yields -- 2.1.2.3 Charge Distribution of Fission Fragments -- 2.2 Experiments -- 2.2.1 The Double Kinetic Energy (2E) Method -- 2.2.2 Mass Identification Based on Time-of-Flight -- 2.2.3 Mass Separators -- 2.2.4 Gamma Spectroscopy Techniques -- 2.2.5 Inverse Kinematics -- 2.2.6 Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy of Fission Fragments -- 2.3 Fission Yield Theories -- 2.3.1 Fission Shape Dynamics -- 2.3.1.1 Shape Families -- 2.3.1.2 Potential Energy -- 2.3.1.3 Inertial Mass -- 2.3.1.4 Dissipation -- 2.3.1.5 Transport Treatment of Nuclear Shape Dynamics -- 2.3.1.6 Strong Dissipation -- 2.3.1.7 Brownian Shape Motion -- 2.3.1.8 Shape-Dependent Level Density -- 2.3.2 Microscopic Approaches to Fission -- 2.3.2.1 Methods and Approximations -- 2.3.2.2 Nuclear Energy Density Functional Theory -- 2.3.2.3 Static Description of Fission -- 2.3.2.4 Fission Dynamics -- 2.3.2.5 Initial Conditions of the Fission Fragments -- 2.3.3 Summary -- 2.4 Evaluation of Fission Product Yields -- 2.4.1 Evaluation Method -- 2.4.2 Evaluation of Experimental Data -- 2.4.3 β Decays of Fission Products -- 2.4.4 FPY Models -- 2.4.4.1 Primary Fission Fragment Mass Distribution -- 2.4.4.2 Primary Fission Fragment Charge Distribution -- 2.4.4.3 Prompt Neutron Multiplicities -- 2.4.4.4 Statistical Hauser-Feshbach Approach. , 2.4.5 Isomeric Ratios -- 2.4.6 Energy Dependence of FPYs -- 2.4.6.1 Fission Dynamics -- 2.4.6.2 Multi-Chance Fission -- 2.4.7 Energy Dependence of the Delayed Neutron Yield -- References -- 3 Prompt and Delayed Emission -- 3.1 General Observations -- 3.1.1 Time Scales in Fission -- 3.1.2 Neutron Emission -- 3.1.2.1 Multiplicity -- 3.1.2.2 Energy Spectrum -- 3.1.2.3 Single Neutron Angular Distributions -- 3.1.2.4 Neutron Emission Anisotropy Due to Fragment Spin -- 3.1.2.5 Pre-scission Neutron Emission -- 3.1.2.6 Multi-Chance Fission and Pre-equilibrium Neutron Emission -- 3.1.2.7 Delayed Neutrons -- 3.1.3 Gamma Emission -- 3.1.3.1 Time Scales for Prompt Gamma Emission -- 3.1.3.2 Multiplicity Distributions -- 3.1.3.3 Energy Spectrum -- 3.1.3.4 Energy Dependence of Prompt Gamma Emission -- 3.1.3.5 Dependence of Gamma Emission on Fragment Characteristics -- 3.1.3.6 Gamma Emission Anisotropy as a Function of Fragment Spin -- 3.1.3.7 X-Ray Emission -- 3.1.4 Correlations -- 3.1.4.1 Neutron-Neutron -- 3.1.4.2 Neutron-Light Fragment -- 3.1.4.3 Neutron-Gamma -- 3.1.4.4 Gamma-Gamma -- 3.2 Experimental Measurements -- 3.2.1 Prompt Neutron Measurements -- 3.2.1.1 Energy Spectra by Time of Flight -- 3.2.1.2 Multiplicity, Including Dependence on Fragment Mass and Energy -- 3.2.1.3 Modern Neutron Experiments -- 3.2.2 Prompt γ-Ray Measurements -- 3.2.2.1 General Considerations for γ-Ray Detectors -- 3.2.2.2 Neutron-Gamma Discrimination -- 3.2.2.3 Unfolding the Detector Response -- 3.2.2.4 γ-Ray Multiplicity as a Function of Fragment Mass -- 3.2.2.5 Prompt Fission Gamma Spectra Measurements -- 3.2.3 Correlated Neutron-Neutron, Neutron-Light Fragment and Neutron-Gamma Measurements -- 3.3 Theory and Modeling of Prompt Emission -- 3.3.1 Mechanisms of Prompt Neutron Emission -- 3.3.1.1 Emission During the Acceleration Phase -- 3.3.1.2 Emission from Ternary Fission. , 3.3.1.3 Scission Neutrons -- 3.3.1.4 Multi-Chance Fission -- 3.3.1.5 Pre-fission Neutron Emission Mechanisms -- 3.3.2 Mechanisms of Prompt Gamma Emission -- 3.3.2.1 Energy Available for Gamma Emission -- 3.3.2.2 Statistical and Discrete Transitions -- 3.3.3 Models of Prompt Neutron and Photon Emission -- 3.3.3.1 Deterministic Models -- 3.3.3.2 Monte Carlo Codes -- 3.3.4 Prompt Neutron Observables -- 3.3.4.1 Multiplicity -- 3.3.4.2 Spectrum -- 3.3.4.3 Correlations -- 3.3.5 Prompt Gamma Observables -- 3.3.5.1 Multiplicity -- 3.3.5.2 Spectrum -- 3.3.5.3 Time Evolution of Gamma Emission -- 3.3.5.4 Prompt Gamma Emission and Fragment Spin -- 3.3.6 Neutron-Gamma Correlations -- 3.4 Delayed Neutron and Gamma Emission -- 3.4.1 Origin of Delayed Neutron and Gamma Emission -- 3.4.2 Main Precursors -- 3.4.3 Examples of Delayed Neutron and Gamma Spectra -- 3.4.3.1 DANCE/NEUANCE -- 3.4.4 Influence of Incident Neutron Energy on Delayed Multiplicity -- References -- 4 Impact on Science and Technology -- 4.1 Reactor Physics -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1.1 Historical Context -- 4.1.1.2 Basics of Reactor Physics -- 4.1.1.3 Nuclear Reactor Designs -- 4.1.2 Fission Phenomena at Play in Reactor Physics -- 4.1.2.1 Fission Cross Sections -- 4.1.2.2 Prompt Fission Neutrons -- 4.1.2.3 ps: [/EMC pdfmark [/Subtype /Span /ActualText (beta) /StPNE pdfmark [/StBMC pdfmarkβps: [/EMC pdfmark [/StPop pdfmark [/StBMC pdfmark-Delayed Neutrons -- 4.1.2.4 Prompt and Delayed Fission Gammas -- 4.1.2.5 Fission Products -- 4.2 Global Security and Defense Applications -- 4.2.1 Critical Assemblies -- 4.2.1.1 Fission Data for Criticality Simulations -- 4.2.1.2 Neutron-Diagnosed Subcritical Experiment (NDSE) -- 4.2.2 Fission Signatures of Special Nuclear Materials -- 4.2.2.1 Coincidence and Neutron Multiplicity Counting -- 4.2.2.2 Anisotropy of Prompt Fission Neutron Emission. , 4.2.2.3 Prompt and Delayed Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy -- 4.2.3 Radiochemistry and Postdetonation Nuclear Forensics -- 4.2.3.1 K-Factors, Q-Factors and R-Values -- 4.2.3.2 Radiochemistry of Extinct Species -- 4.2.4 Nuclear Explosions as a Source of Neutrons -- 4.3 Nuclear Fission in Astrophysics -- 4.3.1 Evidence of Actinide Production in Nature -- 4.3.2 Fission in the r Process -- 4.3.2.1 Fission Barriers -- 4.3.2.2 Fission Processes -- 4.3.2.3 Timescales for Fission in the r Process -- 4.3.2.4 Fission Yields in the r Process -- 4.3.3 Prospects for Future Observations of Fissionin the r Process -- References -- Index.

Additional Edition: Print version: Talou, Patrick Nuclear Fission Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 ISBN 9783031145445

Language: English