Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (307 pages) : , illustrations (some color), tables.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-804279-6 , 0-12-804324-5

Series Statement: Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 146

Note: "3rd series." , Front Cover -- Cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section I: General aspects -- Chapter 1: The use of cerebrospinal fluid in biomarker studies -- Introduction -- Definition of biomarkers and type of biomarkers -- Physiology of CSF -- Biomarker subtypes -- Proteins -- Metabolites -- Cell-free DNA -- Messenger RNA/micro RNA -- Exosomes -- Sample collection and biobanking: preanalytic variation -- Patient-related factors -- Age and sex -- Genetic background -- Circadian rhythm -- Coffee, chocolate, smoking, and alcohol consumption -- Preanalytic procedures -- Lumbar puncture -- Risk factors and recommendations in performing an LP -- Type of tube -- Evaporation -- Centrifugation speed and temperature -- Quality assessment of collection procedures -- Analytic aspects in CSF biomarker studies: assay development and validation -- Technical analysis: optimizing immunoassay validation and development of novel biomarkers -- Quality assessment of analytic procedures -- Matrix reference material -- Clinical study design in CSF biomarker studies -- Discussion: how to increase the number of novel biomarkers? -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations -- Introduction -- Physiology of CSF: what is CSF good for, where does it come from, how is it circulating, where does it go? -- Biologic function -- Sites of production -- Circulation -- Absorption -- Transfer mechanisms -- Barriers of the CNS compartment: what are the differences between BBB and BCB? -- The blood-brain barrier -- The blood-CSF barrier -- Anatomy of CSF spaces: which brain areas are reflected by CSF analysis?. , CSF constituents: which factors influence their concentration and what is their implication for CSF analysis? -- Circadian changes -- Site of sampling (lumbar vs. ventricular CSF) -- Volume of CSF sampled -- Physical activity and head movement -- Clearance via specific transporters -- Surgical intervention -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue -- The concept of volume transmission11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References s -- The functional influence of CSF on brain cells -- Adult neurogenesis -- CSF-contacting neurons -- The functional contribution of CSF in pathologic CNS conditions -- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) -- Anti-NMDAR encephalopathy -- Brain aging and dementia -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Dosing, collection, and quality control issues in cerebrospinal fluid research using animal models -- Introduction -- CSF and brain interstitial fluid -- Comparative CSF physiology: species differences affecting CSF dosing and collection -- Dosing into CSF of rodents -- Collection of CSF and quality control in rodents -- CSF dosing and collection in nonhuman primates -- Translation -- Future developments -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Section II: Cerebrospinal fluid research in particular disease entities and its clinical context -- Chapter 5: Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Current knowledge of CSF molecular biomarkers in MS and NMO -- Multiple sclerosis -- Activation/inflammatory biomarkers -- IgG oligoclonal bands -- IgM oligoclonal bands -- Kappa free light chains -- CXCL13 -- CD163 -- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- Osteopontin -- Nitric oxide. , Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- Neurofilaments -- Tau protein -- 14-3-3 protein -- N-acetylaspartate -- Glial fibrillary acidic protein -- S100b protein -- Glutamate -- Chitinase 3-like 1 -- Remyelination -- Neural cell adhesion molecule -- Demyelination -- Myelin basic protein -- Neuromyelitis optica -- Activation/inflammatory markers -- CXCL13 -- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) -- Haptoglobin -- Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- GFAP -- S100b protein -- Anti-AQP-4 antibodies -- Potential use of CSF in clinical practice -- Future development and recommendations for biomarker studies in MS -- References -- Chapter 6: Cerebrospinal fluid in the dementias -- Introduction -- CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF Aβ42 -- CSF T-tau -- CSF P-tau -- Diagnostic performance of combined CSF T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42 tests -- Longitudinal changes in CSF AD biomarkers -- CSF markers of synapse loss -- CSF markers of microglial activation -- CSF Biomarkers for Vascular Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF markers of BBB impairment -- CSF markers of tissue remodeling -- CSF markers of white-matter injury -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF α-synuclein -- CSF AD biomarkers in DLB -- Frontotemporal Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF NFL -- CSF TDP-43 -- CSF progranulin -- CSF AD biomarkers -- Standardization Efforts -- CSF Biomarker-Supported Diagnostic Criteria -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and other neurodegenerative disorders -- Introduction -- Parkinson disease -- Dementia with lewy bodies -- Multiple-system atrophy -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- Corticobasal syndrome -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Huntington disease -- Ataxias. , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Narcolepsy -- Clinical trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Routine parameters -- Biomarker development -- 14-3-3 test -- Protein tau -- Abeta -- Molecular disease phenotype, genes, and CSF alterations in CJD -- PRNP codon 129 genotype -- APOE genotype -- Genetic prion diseases -- Role of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays in prion disease diagnostics -- Development of further biomarkers in CJD: future directions -- α-synuclein -- Immunologic markers in prion diseases -- Proteomics: global alterations of CSF -- References -- Chapter 9: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies -- Introduction -- CSF findings in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy -- CSF findings in miller fisher syndrome and bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis -- CSF findings in acute motor and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy -- CSF findings in rare acute inflammatory neuropathies -- CSF findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy -- CSF findings in atypical cidp: madsam (lewis-sumner syndrome) and dads-i -- CSF findings in multifocal motor neuropathy -- CSF findings in paraproteinemic neuropathies: canomad and poems -- CSF findings in vasculitic neuropathies -- References -- Chapter 10: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of malignancies located in the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Gliomas -- Glioma-derived proteins -- Glioma-derived circulating-tumor DNA -- Glioma-derived RNAs -- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles -- CNS metastases -- Proteins derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from CNS metastases -- RNA derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor cells derived from CNS metastases -- CNS involvement in hematologic cancers. , Proteins derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Cell-free DNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- RNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Circulating tumor cells from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Pediatric CNS tumors -- Proteins derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- RNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor cells derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Impaired cerebrospinal fluid pressure -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Headache -- Visual disturbances -- Olfactory disturbances -- Cognitive impairment -- Auditory symptoms -- Lumbar opening pressure -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Pathophysiology -- Transverse sinus stenoses -- Obesity -- Hormonal and other metabolic factors -- Treatment -- Weight reduction -- Pharmacologic treatment -- Acetazolamide -- Topiramate -- Furosemide -- Steroids -- Endovascular treatment -- Surgical CSF diversion procedures -- Optic nerve sheath fenestration -- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Diagnostic neuroimaging -- Lumbar puncture -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Conservative and pharmacologic strategies -- Epidural blood patch -- Surgical intervention -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 12: CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases -- Introduction -- Acute infectious diseases of the nervous system -- Acute viral diseases of the nervous system -- Introduction -- Viral pathogens -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis and pathophysiology -- Clinical features -- Viral meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis -- Diagnostic features -- Cerebrospinal fluid -- CSF analysis: cells and chemistry. , Virus isolation and culture.

Language: English