Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (410 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-799930-2

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Allergy, Immunity and Tolerance in Early Childhood: The First Steps of the Atopic March -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 - The Maturation of Immune Function in Pregnancy and Early Childhood -- Introduction -- Immune development in health and disease -- Early life immune regulation -- Interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation in organ-specific responses -- Key influences and determinants of early immune function and regulation -- Genetic factors -- Direct effects of maternal allergy on immune maturation -- Maternal environmental exposures and immune maturation -- Early postnatal exposures and immune maturation -- Modulating early immune development to promote immune regulation -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 - Immunological Aspects of the Atopic March -- Introduction -- Global inventory of the developmental pattern of allergen-specific antibody -- Tentative interpretation of phases observed in the serological picture -- The trends of IgE levels to allergenic sources -- Immunoglobulin E trends examined at a molecular level -- Discussion -- References -- 3 - Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy and Childhood -- Definition -- Family history and genetics -- Natural history of disease -- Allergic sensitization and allergy as comorbidity -- Rhinitis and asthma as comorbidity -- Urticaria as comorbidity -- Determinants of the disease -- Socioeconomic status -- Infant feeding -- Domestic environment -- Key elements of treatment -- Prevention -- Long-term outcome in adulthood -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Adverse Reactions to Food -- Clinical presentation of food allergy in infancy -- Epidemiology and natural course -- Pathogenesis -- Diagnostic -- Therapy -- Immunotherapy for food allergy -- References -- Further reading -- 5 - Viral-Induced Wheeze and Asthma Development -- Introduction. , Longitudinal studies of childhood wheezing -- Etiology of wheezing illnesses in infancy -- Risk factors for virus-induced wheezing -- Progression from virus-induced wheezing to asthma -- Do severe viral respiratory infections in infancy cause asthma? -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 - Infantile Lung Function and Airway Hyperresponsiveness -- Introduction -- Lung development -- Lung function measurements -- Lung function development -- Postnatal impact on lung function development -- Factors that may influence in utero lung function development -- Infantile AHR -- Summary and conclusion -- References -- 7 - The Development of Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood -- Incidence -- Period prevalence -- Sex differences -- Comorbidity -- The role of sensitization -- Early predictors -- Protective factors -- Principles of therapy -- Options for prevention -- References -- Further reading -- 8 - Genes and Atopic Phenotypes -- Introduction -- Tools for disentangling the genetics of atopy -- Do genes co-associated with multiple childhood atopy phenotypes represent atopic march candidate genes? -- Summary and conclusions -- References -- 9 - Epigenetic Factors Before and After Birth -- Introduction -- Principles of epigenetic mechanisms -- Epigenetics in T-cell development as a decisive mechanism for allergy development -- Epigenetic control in fetal immune development -- Environmental factors and epigenetic modifications in early allergy development -- Allergens as triggers for Th2 responses are associated with epigenetic modifications in target cells -- Microbes in the human environment are capable to protect against allergy development via epigenetic mechanisms -- Airborne, xenobiotic exposures act though epigenetic modulation and enhance early allergic development -- Dietary and metabolic factors are capable to modify epigenetic programs -- Conclusion. , Abbreviations -- References -- 10 - The Physiological Induction of Tolerance to Allergens -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of oral tolerance -- Mechanisms of airway tolerance -- Mechanisms of action of iTreg in mediating oral and airway tolerance -- Early-life exposures can influence immune programming of tolerance -- Summary -- References -- 11 - Microbiome and the Effect on Immune Response -- Introduction -- Coevolutionary interdependency of the microbiome and the immune system -- Microbiome acquisition and development -- Effects of the microbiome on immune development -- Influence of the microbiome on allergy development -- Future perspectives -- References -- 12 - Indoor Allergen Exposure -- Pet exposure -- Preventive measures reducing pet allergen exposure -- House dust mite -- House dust mite avoidance -- Cockroaches -- Molds -- Other allergens -- Summary -- References -- 13 - Microbial Influences on the Development of Atopy -- References -- 14 - Role of Vaccines -- Introduction -- Allergens that may be contained in vaccines -- Allergic immune responses to vaccines -- Immunization and development of allergy -- Considerations for some specific vaccines -- Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis -- Rotavirus -- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella -- Influenza -- Diagnostic aspects -- Identification of patients at heightened risk -- Immunization of patients at heightened risk -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 - Breast-Always Best? -- Introduction -- Historical aspects -- Challenges with studies -- Evidence for breastfeeding in allergy prevention -- Possible mechanisms by which breastfeeding may protect against allergies -- Use of infant formulas versus breastfeeding -- Human milk immunomodulatory components -- Secretory IgA -- Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors -- Leukocytes -- Soluble CD14 -- Fatty acids -- Human milk microbiome -- Oligosaccharides -- Exosomes. , Impact of maternal interventions during breastfeeding on prevention of allergy -- Food avoidance diets -- Maternal probiotics, PUFA, vitamins, and antibiotics -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- 16 - Dietary Interventions in Infancy -- Introduction -- The gut, the diet, and oral tolerance in early life -- Allergens in the diet: from avoidance toward tolerance induction -- Allergens in the maternal diet -- Allergens in the infant diet -- Immunomodulation via dietary interventions -- Breast milk -- Hydrolysates -- Tolerogenic peptides -- Probiotics -- Prebiotics -- Synbiotics -- Polyunsaturated fatty acids -- Antioxidants -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- 17 - Allergen Exposure and Avoidance as Part of Early Intervention and Prevention -- Allergen avoidance -- Allergen exposure, sensitization, and disease -- House dust mite allergen avoidance in primary prevention -- Avoidance of other allergens -- Why environmental allergen avoidance in primary prevention is not effective -- Secondary avoidance -- Studies involving moving patients to a sanatorium or hospital -- Secondary allergen avoidance by making changes in the patient's own home -- References -- 18 - Pharmacotherapies Early in Life to Prevent the Atopic March -- Introduction -- Adverse effects of pharmacotherapies on allergy outcomes -- Paracetamol/Acetaminophen -- Antibiotics -- Acid-suppressive drugs -- Prevention strategies -- Primary prophylaxis agents -- Skin barrier lotions -- Secondary prophylaxis agents -- Antihistamines -- Topical calcineurin inhibitors -- Specific allergen immunotherapy -- Tertiary prophylaxis agents -- Inhaled corticosteroids -- Future therapies -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 - The Role of Antiviral Strategies for the Prevention of Childhood Asthma -- Introduction/Background -- General antiviral strategies to consider. , Lessons learned from antiviral strategies focused on RSV -- Antiviral strategies for rhinovirus -- Specific antivirals -- Interferon and interferon inducers -- Vaccine development -- Other antiviral agents -- Asthma exacerbations provoked by rhinovirus in the atopic population -- Conclusions -- References -- 20 - Prevention of Allergy/Asthma-New Strategies -- Introduction -- Asthma initiation during childhood -- Asthma genetics and environmental risk factors -- Major risk factors for atopic asthma operating during early life -- Timing is crucial -- Plasticity of clinical phenotypes in early life -- Postnatal allergen exposure and risk for allergic disease: is more worse, or better? -- Hidden complexities relating to effects of microbial exposures on atopic disease phenotypes -- Interactions between early infections and aeroallergen sensitization in driving development of allergic disease: atopic asthma a... -- Causal pathways for asthma development in childhood-development of a roadmap for rational design of early intervention strategie... -- Asthma/allergy prevention trials: what can be contemplated now? -- ?Prevention of induction and/or progression of sensitization to aeroallergens -- ?Prevention of respiratory infections during early infancy -- ?Targeting atopic effector pathways for modulation of inflammatory damage associated with viral infections in school-aged atopic... -- ?Pan-specific approaches to protection of infants against viral-induced inflammatory damage of airway tissues -- Possibilities for the near-term future: new therapeutics and repurposing of existing drugs for asthma prevention -- References -- 21 - Antiallergic Strategies: Induction of Tolerance to Food -- Introduction -- Definition of oral tolerance -- Immunological mechanisms of oral tolerance -- Clinical phenotypes of oral tolerance. , Risk and protective factors for food allergy. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-420226-8

Language: English