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Umfang: 1 online resource (376 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-820952-6

Serie: Translational epigenetics series v.Volume 27

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Twin and Family Studies of Epigenetics -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part 1: Introduction -- Chapter 1 Value of twin and family study designs for epigenetic research -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Quantifying genetic and environmental influences on variation in epigenetic modification, heritability and the equal e ... -- 3 Controlling for the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors shared within the family -- 4 Facilitating causation assessment -- 5 Addressing issues of specific relevance to twins -- 6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Evaluation and measurement of epigenetic modifications in population-based studies -- 1 What is epigenetics? -- 1.1 Epigenetic mechanisms -- 1.2 Why study epigenetics? -- 2 Profiling epigenetic alterations -- 2.1 DNA methylation profiling technologies -- 2.2 Histone modification profiling -- 2.3 Chromatin structure profiling -- 3 Analysis of epigenetic profiling -- 3.1 Sequencing data -- 3.2 Array-based data -- 4 Public epigenetic resources -- 5 Future directions -- Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgments, Funding information, and Author contributions -- References -- Part 2: Human health applications -- Chapter 3 Discordant monozygotic twin studies of epigenetic mechanisms in mental health -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Psychiatric epigenetics -- 1.2 Scope of this chapter -- 2 An overview of MZ twin studies of epigenetic mechanisms in personality behavior and mental health -- 2.1 Autism spectrum disorders -- 2.2 Externalizing problems and ADHD -- 2.3 Schizophrenia, psychosis, and bipolar disorder -- 2.4 Depression -- 3 Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 DNA methylation and breast cancer risk: value of twin and family studies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Within-family designs -- 3 Designs enriched for breast cancer familial features. , 3.1 Enriched for familial risk -- 3.2 Enriched for BRCA1 -like features -- 4 Other study designs -- 5 Literature summaries -- 6 Example study -- 6.1 Study sample -- 6.2 Associations between DNA methylation measures and breast cancer risk -- 6.3 Implications of the study findings -- 7 Future directions -- 8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Twin and family studies on epigenetics and oral health -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dental caries -- 2.1 Dental caries: An overview -- 2.2 Twin and family studies of dental caries -- 2.3 Twins reared apart -- 2.4 Classical twin studies in dental caries -- 2.5 Twin and family studies to understand dental caries: Beyond heritability -- 2.6 Twin/Family studies of oral microbiome -- 2.7 Twin/Family studies of genetics and dental caries -- 2.8 Epigenetic research in dental caries -- 2.9 Gene-environment interactions -- 3 Twin and family studies of epigenetics and enamel hypomineralization -- 3.1 Molar incisor hypomineralization: An overview -- 3.2 Enamel formation -- 3.3 Twin and family studies of enamel hypomineralization -- 3.4 Genetic studies of MIH -- 3.5 Epigenetic studies of enamel hypomineralization -- 4 Twin and family studies of epigenetics and periodontal disease -- 4.1 Periodontal disease -- 4.2 Genetic contribution to periodontal disease -- 4.3 Recent epigenetics studies on periodontal disease -- 4.4 Local epigenetic mechanisms for periodontal disease -- 4.5 Future directions for twin studies on epigenetics of periodontal disease -- 5 Twin and family studies of tooth morphology and emergence -- 6 Challenges facing twin and family genetic and epigenetic studies of dental caries -- 6.1 Recruitment -- 6.2 Expertise in twin and -omic statistical methods -- 6.3 Phenotype definition: Dental caries -- 6.4 Phenotype definition: MIH -- 7 Summary -- References. , Chapter 6 Twin and family epigenetic studies of type 2 diabetes -- 1 What is type 2 diabetes? -- 2 T2D and epigenetics -- 2.1 Epigenetics and type 2 diabetes risk factors -- 2.2 Findings from epigenetics and T2D association studies in unrelated subjects -- 3 T2D epigenetics in twin and family studies -- 3.1 Epigenetic findings from twin and family studies of T2D -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Twin and family studies on epigenetics and obesity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Twin studies of epigenetics and obesity -- 2.1 Twin studies identifying epigenetic marks associated with BMI and obesity -- 2.2 Twin studies identifying epigenetic marks associated with adiposity measures -- 3 Family studies of epigenetics and obesity -- 3.1 Family studies identifying epigenetic marks associated with obesity and metabolic disease -- 3.2 Epigenetically mediated intergenerational factors associated with obesity -- 3.3 Maternal factors -- 3.3.1 Maternal diabetes -- 3.3.2 Maternal BMI -- 3.3.3 Maternal famine exposure -- 3.3.4 Maternal smoking -- 3.3.5 Maternal nutrition -- 3.4 Paternal factors -- 3.5 Postnatal factors -- 3.5.1 Childhood adversity -- 3.5.2 Breast feeding -- 3.5.3 Smoking -- 4 Limitations of the data presented -- 5 Conclusions -- Declaration of interest -- References -- Chapter 8 DNA methylation and blood pressure in Chinese adult twins -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Measurements -- 2.3 Sample collection and processing -- 2.4 DNA extraction and methylation analysis -- 2.5 Zygosity analysis -- 2.6 Quality control of the DNA methylation data -- 3 Statistical analysis -- 3.1 Analysis of blood pressure and methylation -- 3.2 Analysis of the methylation difference between MZ discordant for hypertension -- 3.3 Sensitivity analysis -- 3.4 Validation analysis -- 3.5 Enrichment analysis -- 4 Results. , 4.1 Demographic characteristics -- 4.2 DNA methylation and blood pressure -- 4.3 DNA methylation and hypertension -- 4.4 Sensitivity analysis -- 4.5 Validation analysis -- 4.6 Enrichment analysis -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Twin and family studies on epigenetics of autoimmune diseases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The human immune system -- 2.1 Innate immune system -- 2.2 Adaptive immune system -- 2.3 Immunological tolerance -- 2.4 Epigenetic alterations in immunity -- 3 Autoimmune diseases -- 3.1 Epidemiology -- 3.2 Pathogenesis of autoimmunity -- 3.3 Risks -- 3.4 Symptoms -- 3.5 Diagnosis -- 3.6 Treatment -- 4 Twin and family-based studies of autoimmune diseases and epigenetics -- 4.1 Systemic autoimmune diseases -- 4.1.1 Systemic lupus erythematosus -- 4.1.2 Rheumatoid arthritis -- 4.1.3 Systemic sclerosis -- 4.2 Autoimmune disease in the endocrine system -- 4.2.1 The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis -- 4.2.2 The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -- 4.2.3 Other endocrine conditions, conditions affecting multiple axes -- 4.2.4 Type-1 diabetes mellitus -- 4.3 Autoimmune diseases in the gastrointestinal system -- 4.3.1 Inflammatory bowel diseases -- 4.3.2 Coeliac disease -- 4.3.3 Primary biliary cholangitis -- 4.4 Other autoimmune diseases -- 4.4.1 Multiple sclerosis -- 4.4.2 Sjogren's syndrome -- 4.4.3 Psoriasis -- 5 Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10 Twin studies on the epigenetics of selected neurological disorders and carotid artery disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Twin studies on the epigenetics of multiple sclerosis -- 3 Twin studies on the epigenetics of Alzheimer's disease -- 4 Twin studies on the epigenetics of carotid artery atherosclerosis -- 5 Summary and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 11 Disease-discordant twin studies of epigenetics and cancer -- 1 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12 Sex differences in epigenetic profiles: The value of twin studies -- 1 Background -- 1.1 Sex differences in genetic and environmental causes of variation -- 1.2 The epidemiologic approach: Within-pair differences in male-female twins -- 2 Demonstration -- 2.1 Results -- 2.1.1 Correlations -- 2.1.2 Within-pair mean differences in age acceleration -- 2.1.3 Probe-by-probe within-pair differences -- 3 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 3: Emerging approach -- Chapter 13 Combining twin-family designs with measured genetic variants to study the causes of epigenetic variation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Combining twin-family designs with measured genetic variants to study the causes of epigenetic variation -- 2.1 SNP heritability -- 2.2 Estimating total heritability based on measured genetic relationships -- 2.3 Estimating total and SNP heritability simultaneously -- 2.4 Application to DNA methylation data from blood -- 2.4.1 Classical twin model -- 2.4.2 Heritability based on measured genetic relationships -- 2.5 Interaction with sex and age -- 2.5.1 Sex interaction results -- 2.5.2 Age interaction results -- 2.5.3 Integration with findings from EWASs of diseases, traits, and exposures -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 2.7 Further applications -- 3 Combining twin-family designs with measured genetic variants to study cause and effect -- 3.1 Mendelian Randomization -- 3.2 Mendelian Randomization meets the classical twin design -- 3.3 Overall prospects and potential limitations of the MR methods -- 3.4 Conclusion -- 4 Overall conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Imaging epigenetics and the radiogenomics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The role of imaging in twin studies -- 3 Radiogenomics -- 3.1 Lung cancer -- 3.2 Breast cancer. , 3.3 Prostate cancer.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-820951-8

Sprache: Englisch