Format:
Online-Ressource (xviii, 512, digital)
ISBN:
9783540921653
,
9783540921646
Series Statement:
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 333
Content:
Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raise the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which have limited antigenic relationships to the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly stimulated research activities to develop effective vaccines for pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inherent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution. These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as the substrate for vaccine production, which is time-consuming and could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains. Other limitations include the requirement that the current inactivated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns. In addition, the current inactivated vaccines which are delivered by injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated. Most of these limitations of the current vaccines are being addressed by research on novel approaches to vaccine development and delivery that are described in many of the chapters in this volume.
Note:
Includes bibliographical references and index
,
CTMI_Compans_FM_O.pdf; CTMI_Compans_Ch01_O.pdf; Pandemic Influenza as a Current Threat; 1 Influenza Virus as a Noneradicable Zoonosis; 1.1 Natural Reservoirs for Influenza A Virus; 1.2 Ecology of Influenza A Virus in Asia; 2 Human Influenza Epidemics and Pandemics; 2.1 Epidemiology of Human Influenza; 2.2 Molecular Requirements for a Pandemic Strain: Emergence of 1918, 1957, and 1968 Pandemic Strains; 3 H5N1 Virus as a Pandemic Threat; 3.1 Emergence and Spread of H5N1 Virus; 3.2 Unique Features of H5N1 Viruses: Changing Patterns; 3.3 Human Infection with H5N1
,
4 Other Subtypes with Pandemic Potential4.1 H9N2 Viruses; 4.2 H7 Viruses; 4.3 H6 Viruses; 4.4 H2 Viruses; 5 The Use of Antivirals for Pandemic Influenza; 6 Concluding Remarks; References; CTMI_Compans_Ch02_O.pdf; Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Among H5N1 Viruses; 1 Introduction; 2 Polyclonal Antibodies to H5N1 Viruses; 3 Monoclonal Antibodies to H5N1 Viruses; 4 Evidence for Cross-Reactivity from Human Clinical Trials; 5 Evidence for H5N1 Cross-Reactivity from Preclinical Studies; 5.1 Ferrets; 5.2 Mice; 6 Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Mediated by Mechanisms Other than Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies
,
6.1 Neuraminidase-Specific Antibodies6.2 M2e-Specific Antibodies; 6.3 T Cell-Mediated Immunity; 7 Concluding Remarks; References; CTMI_Compans_Ch03_O.pdf; Seasonal Influenza Vaccines; 1 Introduction and Background; 2 Inactivated Influenza Vaccine; 2.1 History of Vaccine Development and Current Vaccine; 2.2 Vaccine Constituents, Including Antibiotics and Preservatives; 2.3 Dosage, Administration, and Storage; 2.4 Immune Response to Inactivated Influenza Vaccination; 2.5 Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine
,
2.6 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults 〉_65 Yearsof Age and Those with Chronic Conditions2.7 Efficacy and Effectiveness in Adults 〈65 Years of Age; 2.8 Efficacy and Effectiveness in Children; 3 Safety; 3.1 Common Adverse Events; 4 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines; 4.1 History of Vaccine Development and Current Vaccines; 4.2 Vaccine Constituents, Including Antibiotics and Preservatives; 4.3 Dosage, Administration, and Storage; 4.4 Shedding, Transmission, and Stability of Vaccine Viruses; 4.5 Immune Response to LAIV; 4.6 Efficacy and Effectiveness of LAIV; 4.6.1 Healthy Children
,
4.6.2 Healthy Adults4.7 Adverse Events After Receipt of LAIV; 4.7.1 Children; 4.7.2 Adults; 4.8 LAIV Use in Persons at Higher Risk from Influenza-Related Complications; 4.9 Serious Adverse Events; 4.10 Vaccination of Close Contacts of Immunocompromised Persons; 4.11 Persons Who Should Not Be Vaccinated with LAIV; 5 Comparisons of LAIV and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Efficacy or Effectiveness; 6 Effectiveness of Vaccination for Decreasing Transmission to Contacts; 7 Expanding Use of Influenza Vaccines; References; CTMI_Compans_Ch04_O.pdf
,
Generation and Characterization of Candidate Vaccine Viruses for Prepandemic Influenza Vaccines
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9783540921646
Additional Edition:
Buchausg. u.d.T. Vaccines for pandemic Influenza Berlin : Springer, 2009 ISBN 9783540921646
Language:
English
Subjects:
Medicine
Keywords:
Influenzaviren
;
Impfstoff
;
Aufsatzsammlung
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3
URL:
Volltext
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