Format:
1 online resource (298 pages)
ISBN:
9780821379554
,
9780821379349
Content:
Since the early 1990s, most developing economies have become more integrated with the world's economy. Trade and foreign investment barriers have been progressively lifted and international trade agreements signed. These reforms have led to important changes in the structures of these economies. The labor markets have adjusted to these major changes, and workers were required to adapt to them in one way or another.In 2006, the Social Protection Unit of the World Bank launched an important research program to understand the impact that these profound structural changes have had on workers in developing countries. 'Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs: Five Country Studies' presents the findings and insights of this important research program. In particular, the authors present the similar experiences of low-income countries with globalization and suggest that low-income countries' working conditions have improved in the sectors exposed to globalization. However, 'Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs' also highlights concerns about the sustainability of these improvements and that the positive demonstration effects on the rest of the economy are unclear. The empirical literature that exists, although vast, does not lead to a consensus view on globalization's eventual impact on labor markets. Understanding the effects of globalization is crucial for governments concerned about employment, working conditions, and ultimately, poverty reduction. Beyond job creation, improving the quality of those jobs is an essential condition for achieving poverty reduction. 'Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs' adds to the existing literature in two ways. First, the authors provide a comprehensive literature review on the current wisdom on globalization and present a micro-based framework for analyzing globalization and working conditions
Content:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1. Overview: The Promises and Perils of Globalization -- The Links between Globalization and Working Conditions: Concepts and Analytical Framework -- Applying the Framework: Lessons from Five Country Studies -- Theoretical Considerations: The Apparel Sector -- Looking Ahead -- Notes -- References and Other Resources -- 2. A Review of the Globalization Literature: Implications for Employment, Wages, and Labor Standards -- Trade and Employment -- Trade and Wages -- International Trade and Working Conditions -- Foreign Direct Investment and the Labor Market -- Private, Voluntary, and Intergovernmental Agreements and Working Conditions -- Intergovernmental Agreements on Trade and Labor Practices -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 3. Globalization and Working Conditions: A Framework for Country Studies -- Defining Globalization -- Defining Working Conditions -- Theoretical Framework for Determining the Effects of Globalization on Working Conditions -- Application: Step-by-Step -- Technical Annex: Empirical Methodology -- Notes -- References -- 4. Globalization and Working Conditions: Evidence from Cambodia -- Globalization in Cambodia -- Globalization's Effects on Working Conditions: A Qualitative Analysis -- Household Survey Analysis -- Working Conditions -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Cambodia Project -- 5. The Effects of Globalization on Working Conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization in El Salvador -- Working Conditions in El Salvador -- Empirical Analysis -- Nonwage Aspects of Working Conditions in El Salvador -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 6. Globalization and Working Conditions: Evidence from Honduras -- Globalization in Honduras -- Working Conditions in Honduras.
Note:
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; 1. Overview: The Promises and Perils of Globalization; Figure 1.1 The Development Path (Time Series); Figure 1.2 The Development Path (Cross Section); Figure 1.3 National Income and Fatal Injuries; Box 1.1 Why Textiles and Apparel Matter: A Brief History of the MFA; 2. A Review of the Globalization Literature: Implications for Employment, Wages, and Labor Standards; 3. Globalization and Working Conditions: A Framework for Country Studies; Box 3.1 Quantities or Prices?; Box 3.2 Export Studies Find Mixed Effects
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Box 3.3 FDI Studies Generate Conflicting ResultsBox 3.4 An Example Comparing Trade, Migration, and FDI on Absolute Wages; Box 3.5 Wage Inequality; Box 3.6 Globalization and Nonwage Working Conditions; Box 3.7 Example: Short-Run, Industry-Specific Wages; Figure 3.1 Effects of FDI in Low-Income Countries; Figure 3.2 Effects of Rising Export Opportunities in Low-Income Countries; Box 3.8 Example: Medium-Run Effects, Wage Inequality; Figure 3.3 The Effects on Manufacturing of an Increase in Relative Labor Demand; 4. Globalization and Working Conditions: Evidence from Cambodia
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Figure 4.1 Trade as Percentage of GDPBox 4.1 Evolution of Cambodian Trade Policy; Figure 4.2 FDI in Cambodia as Percentage of GDP; Figure 4.3 FDI Stock by Sector through 2005; Table 4.1 Merchandise Trade in Cambodia, 1996-2005; Figure 4.4 Structure of Employment, 1993-04; Table 4.2 Fundamental ILO Conventions Ratified by Cambodia; Table 4.3 Evolution of the Garment Industry in Cambodia; Box 4.2 About Better Factories Cambodia; Figure 4.5 Trade Unions and Strikes in the Cambodian Garment Industry; Figure 4.6 Trade Unions and Trade Union Membership in the Hotel Industry, 2002-05
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Table 4.4 Hotel Industry in CambodiaFigure 4.7 Educational Distribution in Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey, 2003-04; Table 4.5 Survey Demographic Characteristics; Table 4.6 Monthly Wage Differentials without and with Demographic Characteristics; Table 4.7 Interindustry Differences in Hours Worked; Table 4.8 Hourly Wage Differentials without and with Demographic Characteristics; Table 4.9 Accidents by Industry; 5. The Effects of Globalization on Working Conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005; Figure 5.1 Tariff Revenue, 1990-2006; Table 5.1 El Salvador's Free Trade Agreements
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Figure 5.2 Exports and Imports of Goods, 1990-2006Figure 5.3 Composition of Exports and Imports, 1990-2006; Table 5.2 FDI Stocks in El Salvador by Country of Origin, 1996-2006; Table 5.3 FDI Stocks in El Salvador by Industry, 1997-2005; Figure 5.4 Remittances, 1991-2006; Figure 5.5 Evolution of Real Wages in the Tradable Sector, 1991-2004; Figure 5.6 Evolution of Real Wages in the Nontradable Sector, 1991-2004; Table 5.4 ILO Conventions Ratified by El Salvador; Table 5.5 Sample Characteristics for Employed Workers; Table 5.6 Industry Employment Shares
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Table 5.7 Share of Women's Employment by Industry, and Average Years of Education by Gender
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9780821379349
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780821379349
Language:
English
